{"id":94926,"date":"2018-07-09T18:00:48","date_gmt":"2018-07-09T15:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wall\/wall-1156\/"},"modified":"2022-02-02T19:44:44","modified_gmt":"2022-02-02T17:44:44","slug":"wall-1156","status":"publish","type":"wall","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wall\/wall-1156\/","title":{"rendered":"weekend-from-20250126-to-20250201"},"parent":0,"template":"","acf":{"type":"weekend","wall_id":"1156","date_from":"20250126","date_to":"20250201","book":"Job","books_group":"Writings","hide_acf":true,"home_image":false,"home_posts":false,"home_posts_title":"","posts_home":[],"static_cube_title":"","static_cube_brief":"","static_cube_color":"","updates_last_update":"28\/06\/2020","posts":[{"order":1,"id":"95149","color":"#e8ecf6","size":"2","name":"Matot-Masei: The Land is Our Mother","post_title":"Matot-Masei: The Land is Our Mother","slug":"matot-masei-the-land-is-our-mother","old_id":"95149","type":"song","iframe":"","writer":{"id":95147,"post_title":"Sam Feinsmith","slug":"sam-feinsmith","old_id":"95147","first_name":"Sam ","last_name":"Feinsmith","description":"Rabbi Sam Feinsmith directs the Educating for a Jewish Spiritual Life and Clergy Leadership Programs at the Institute for Jewish Spirituality, and writes the weekly Hasidic Text Study track. He has been immersed in the world of Jewish contemplative living, learning, and teaching for twenty years, conducting workshops and retreats for youth, and Jewish educators and community leaders. ","short_description":"Rabbi Sam Feinsmith directs the Educating for a Jewish Spiritual Life and Clergy Leadership Programs at the Institute for Jewish Spirituality.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":95148,"alt":"","title":"Sam Feinsmith","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Sam-Feinsmith.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Sam-Feinsmith.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Sam-Feinsmith.jpg","medium-width":150,"medium-height":150,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Sam-Feinsmith.jpg","medium_large-width":150,"medium_large-height":150,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Sam-Feinsmith.jpg","large-width":150,"large-height":150,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Sam-Feinsmith.jpg","1536x1536-width":150,"1536x1536-height":150,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Sam-Feinsmith.jpg","2048x2048-width":150,"2048x2048-height":150,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Sam-Feinsmith.jpg","post_full_size-width":150,"post_full_size-height":150,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Sam-Feinsmith.jpg","home_baner-width":150,"home_baner-height":150}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"1156","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"What is so important about this story? It is not only about equal rights. With our \u2018shmita\u2019 caps on, it is a message to the men who have the power to take up their inheritance \u2013 to show them what it means to truly love the land. ","post_main_content_content":"
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\r\n

A number of years ago my partner and I met a Native American medicine man in Northern Michigan. He shared his bewilderment around the practice of selling land: \u201cThe land is our mother. How could you sell your own mother?!\u201d He felt a deep sense of loving connection, reverence, and appreciation for the earth not as a commodity to be bought and sold but as a giver of life.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

Leviticus 25\u2014the laws of\u00a0Yovel\u00a0<\/em>(Jubilee)\u2014reveals a similar orientation to the sale of land. Coming on the heels of seven\u00a0Shmita\u00a0<\/em>(Sabbatical) cycles, Jubilee is the great letting go that reminds us that the land isn\u2019t ours to buy and sell. Land may not be sold in perpetuity (v. 23); all ancestral lands purchased since the last Jubilee are to be returned to their original tribal landholders (v. 10,\u00a013). Even when land is sold, what\u2019s being purchased are the number of harvests until the next Jubilee, not the land itself (v. 14-17). The rationale for all this? \u201cFor the land is Mine; you are but strangers and temporary residents with Me\u201d (v. 23).<\/p>\r\n

The sale of land is thus only provisional in our tradition, as is our very existence on this earth.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

The claim that the land ultimately belongs to God and not to us, is meant to engender in us a consciousness of our own evanescence, a recognition that we are but visitors on this earth. Out of this consciousness we might grow into right relationship with the land and our fellow human beings, rightsizing our place in the natural order and relinquishing our desire to take hold of someone else\u2019s God-given ancestral land in order to extract more resources, and profit therefrom. Through the practice of\u00a0Yovel<\/em>, those dispossessed of their land and livelihood might return home and begin anew.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

We find another reminder of the provisional nature of our existence in this week\u2019s Torah portion, which describes the journeys and encampments of the Israelites in the desert with the refrain, \u201cThey journeyed\u2026and camped\u2026and journeyed\u2026\u201d (Numbers 33:3-49). The nomadic lifestyle of the people served to remind them that they were but visitors upon this earth, here for a short while by the grace of God.<\/p>\r\n

The current capitalist systems and structures from which we benefit limit our ability to live out the Torah\u2019s values as expressed in the laws of\u00a0Yovel\u00a0<\/em>and our Torah portion, yet we must employ these ancient values to raise some difficult questions. How can we become better educated about the Indigenous tribes that inhabited the lands upon which we currently live? How might our awareness of Judaism as an indigenous tradition be enriched through a deeper understanding of Native American earth-based spirituality? How can we call our government to account in respecting its treaties with the Native American community? What\u2019s our responsibility to ensure that Indigenous communities have ample access to natural resources, nourishing food, and clean water, and remain safe from the ravages of climate change, which impacts them disproportionately?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

The next shmita year begins next Rosh Hashanah 2021, only a few months from now. We still have some time to prepare. As we move through 5781 we invite you to join us in preparation for the upcoming shmita year \u2013 a sabbatical year for the Earth but also for ourselves, our communities, and our world. Each week we will share thoughts on how the weekly parsha can help guide our thinking around shmita themes of work and rest, wealth and debt, responsible land use, fair labor practices, private and public property ownership, and physical and spiritual revitalization.<\/em><\/p>\r\n

Join us for the journey.<\/em><\/p>\r\n

See here for more information on the Hazon Shmita project, and its blogs.<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/section>","post_main_content_image":{"id":81608,"alt":"","title":"shmita","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","width":711,"height":708,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","medium_large-width":711,"medium_large-height":708,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","large-width":711,"large-height":708,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","1536x1536-width":711,"1536x1536-height":708,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","2048x2048-width":711,"2048x2048-height":708,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","post_full_size-width":711,"post_full_size-height":708,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita-422x420.jpg","home_baner-width":422,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"A Weekly Series: The \"Shmitah Parasha\" Blog","tile_main_caption":"Matot-Masei: The Land is Our Mother","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"in conjunction with Hazon.org","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":81608,"alt":"","title":"shmita","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","width":711,"height":708,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","medium_large-width":711,"medium_large-height":708,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","large-width":711,"large-height":708,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","1536x1536-width":711,"1536x1536-height":708,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","2048x2048-width":711,"2048x2048-height":708,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","post_full_size-width":711,"post_full_size-height":708,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita-422x420.jpg","home_baner-width":422,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":false,"chapter_main_number":false,"date":false,"wall_id":"1156"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":2,"id":"94887","color":"#f8ebe3","size":"1","name":"What Is Wisdom? ","post_title":"What Is Wisdom?","slug":"what-is-wisdom","old_id":"94887","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":93055,"post_title":"J.J. Kimche","slug":"j-j-kimche","old_id":"93055","first_name":"J.J. ","last_name":"Kimche ","description":"J.J. Kimche is a student, teacher, translator, archiver, and writer of Jewish texts. He is currently a PhD candidate at Harvard University, specialising in Jewish intellectual history. ","short_description":"J.J. Kimche is a student, teacher, translator, archiver, and writer of Jewish texts, and a PhD candidate at Harvard University in Jewish intellectual history. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":93056,"alt":"","title":"JJ Kimche","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche.jpeg","width":1080,"height":720,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche-150x150.jpeg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche-300x200.jpeg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche-768x512.jpeg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche-1024x683.jpeg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche.jpeg","1536x1536-width":1080,"1536x1536-height":720,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche.jpeg","2048x2048-width":1080,"2048x2048-height":720,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche.jpeg","post_full_size-width":1080,"post_full_size-height":720,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche-630x420.jpeg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"776","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Apparently it\u2019s easier said than done. Ask some leading intellectuals\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

\u201c<\/span>He said to man, \u201cSee! Fear of the Lord is wisdom; To shun evil is understanding.<\/span><\/em>\u201d <\/em>(28:28)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ought we to listen to intellectuals? Do the great theoreticians of each generation possess deeper insight into the great moral and political issues of the day? Does being a brilliant scholar confer moral authority? It is these questions that the eminent British historian Paul Johnson tackled in his wide-ranging work <\/span>Intellectuals<\/span><\/i>, in which he considered the biographies of some of the modern West\u2019s most influential intellectuals, including Rousseau, Marx, Russell, and Sartre. His findings were deeply disheartening; these leading intellectual lights, to whom countless millions look to for guidance, all led deeply, deeply flawed lives. Quite apart from supporting a whole host of foolish movements and tyrannical regimes, these intellectuals often indulged in all kinds of unethical practices, including cheating on their wives, defrauding friends, and abandoning illegitimate children. Johnson\u2019s conclusion demonstrates that, despite their self-proclaimed moral authority, many great intellectuals are no better guides of society\u2019s conscience than the average street sweeper or bus driver. The continued veneration of such intellectuals highlights the extent to which western culture has divorced intelligence and virtue, cerebral and moral excellence.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The diametrically opposed view to this is expressed in our present chapter. In truth, chapter 28 is an unusual, even anachronistic text. The final speech of Zophar, as would be expected in the third round of theological debate, is conspicuously absent. In its place, the reader is treated to an exquisite paean lauding the value and centrality of Wisdom. While such sentiments are prominently exhibited in the other biblical wisdom books (mainly Ecclesiastes and Proverbs), its placement here by the Joban poet defies clear explanation. However, its final sentence offers an important and widely influential teaching. True wisdom, the reader is told, involves fearing God and eschewing evil.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This verse encapsulates the Jewish conception of true wisdom, one which thoroughly repudiates any conception of intellectual leadership that is divorced from moral rectitude. Biblical wisdom is inextricably bound to moral and religious excellence. Those familiar with the traditional Jewish canon will affirm the impossibility of a venerated religious figure with a perverse moral compass. This would be unthinkable within the ethical confines of traditional Jewish texts. While the moral weaknesses of great figures is a well-trodden theme in both biblical and talmudic literature, the basic assumption is that all Jewish thought-leaders strive towards lofty ethical and religious ideals. As expressed throughout the Biblical wisdom literature, the summit of virtue \u2013 in the Jewish sense \u2013 is the confluence of moral, intellectual, and spiritual excellence. To fail in one aspect is to grievously undermine all others. It is in this sense that Job\u2019s author proclaims that the fear of God is the prerequisite to all true wisdom.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":93512,"alt":"","title":"Job-jj kimche series.png","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Hope and Suffering: A Chapter by Chapter Analysis","tile_main_caption":"What Is Wisdom?","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Apparently it\u2019s easier said than done. Ask some leading intellectuals","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":93512,"alt":"","title":"Job-jj kimche series.png","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"28","chapter_main_number":"776","date":"20280820","wall_id":"776"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":3,"id":"94943","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Clear As Glass ","post_title":"Clear As Glass","slug":"clear-as-glass","old_id":"94943","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":64450,"post_title":"David Curwin","slug":"david-curwin","old_id":"64450","first_name":"David ","last_name":"Curwin ","description":"David Curwin is a writer living in Efrat, and the author of the Balashon blog www.balashon.com","short_description":"David Curwin is a writer living in Efrat, and the author of the Balashon blog www.balashon.com","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":64452,"alt":"","title":"david curwin","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/david-curwin.png","width":427,"height":464,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/david-curwin-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/david-curwin-276x300.png","medium-width":276,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/david-curwin.png","medium_large-width":427,"medium_large-height":464,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/david-curwin.png","large-width":427,"large-height":464,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/david-curwin.png","1536x1536-width":427,"1536x1536-height":464,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/david-curwin.png","2048x2048-width":427,"2048x2048-height":464,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/david-curwin.png","post_full_size-width":427,"post_full_size-height":464,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/david-curwin-387x420.png","home_baner-width":387,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"776","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"And as pure and innocent as well\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

In chapter 28, Job extols the value of wisdom. He says that it is so precious that \u201cno man can set a value on it\u201d (Job 28:13) and it can\u2019t be easily found on the land or the sea. Its price can\u2019t be compared to the most valuable materials:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cIt cannot be bartered for gold; Silver cannot be paid out as its price. The finest gold of Ophir cannot be weighed against it, Nor precious onyx, nor sapphire. Gold or glass cannot match its value, Nor vessels of fine gold be exchanged for it.\u201d (Job 28:15-17)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It might be surprising to find glass listed together with such precious gems and metals as gold, silver and sapphire. But in ancient times, glass was just as rare and valuable.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

One sign of just how rare glass was is that this is the only verse in the entire Bible that includes the word. It appears in Hebrew as <\/span>zekhokhit<\/span><\/em>, although later Hebrew renders it as <\/span>zekhukhit<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The word <\/span>zekhukhit<\/span><\/em>\u00a0derives from the root <\/span>z-kh-kh<\/span><\/em>, which is a secondary form of the root <\/span>z-kh-h<\/span><\/em>. Both mean \u201cto be clear, clean, pure.\u201d While glass wasn\u2019t transparent like it generally is today, it was certainly more clear than other solids.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Another Biblical word from that root is <\/span>zakh<\/span><\/em>, meaning \u201cpure,\u201d as in <\/span>shemen zayit zakh<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u2013 \u201cpure olive oil.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

From the literal \"pure\" and \"clear\" in Biblical Hebrew, the root took on more of a metaphorical sense in Rabbinic Hebrew. Just like we say in English that an innocent person has been \"cleared\" of charges and has a \"clean\" record, the verb <\/span>zakhah<\/span><\/em>\u00a0means \"to make someone innocent\", and that innocent person is <\/span>zakai<\/span><\/em> - \"innocent.\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n

An innocent, pure person is considered \"worthy\" and even \"deserving\" (of goodness). This leads us to the noun <\/span>zekhut<\/span><\/em>, which has at least five different meanings: a) privilege, benefit, b) legal right, title, c) favor, advantage, d) merit, virtue, and e) credit side of an account, asset.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In English, there is a clear distinction between \u201crights\u201d and \u201cprivileges.\u201d In Hebrew the same word, <\/span>zekhut<\/span><\/em>, applies to both. Hebrew does distinguish between <\/span>zekhut<\/span><\/em>\u00a0and <\/span>chova<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u2013 \u201cobligation.\u201d Perhaps that reflects on some of the differences in political concepts between the United States and Israel. Just as in certain places and times a material like glass might be considered precious or common, so too do some societies place greater value on rights, or privileges or obligations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":94944,"alt":"","title":"job28-glass windows","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows-1200x800.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":800,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Clear As Glass","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"And as pure and innocent as well","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":94944,"alt":"","title":"job28-glass windows","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows-1200x800.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":800,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job28-glass-windows-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"28","chapter_main_number":"776","date":"20280820","wall_id":"776"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":4,"id":"94957","color":"#f6f5de","size":"1","name":"The Humility of Moses Vs. The Arrogance of Job ","post_title":"The Humility of Moses Vs. The Arrogance of Job","slug":"the-humility-of-moses-vs-the-arrogance-of-job","old_id":"94957","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":92270,"post_title":"Shimon Lerner","slug":"shimon-lerner","old_id":"92270","first_name":"Shimon ","last_name":"Lerner ","description":"Shimon Lerner teaches physics at the JCT Lev Academic Center in Jerusalem. He received his PhD from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in the field of condensed matter physics.","short_description":"Shimon Lerner teaches physics at the JCT Lev Academic Center in Jerusalem. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":92271,"alt":"","title":"shimon lerner","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/shimon-lerner.jpg","width":692,"height":852,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/shimon-lerner-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/shimon-lerner-244x300.jpg","medium-width":244,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/shimon-lerner.jpg","medium_large-width":692,"medium_large-height":852,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/shimon-lerner.jpg","large-width":692,"large-height":852,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/shimon-lerner.jpg","1536x1536-width":692,"1536x1536-height":852,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/shimon-lerner.jpg","2048x2048-width":692,"2048x2048-height":852,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/shimon-lerner.jpg","post_full_size-width":692,"post_full_size-height":852,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/shimon-lerner-341x420.jpg","home_baner-width":341,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"776","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"And altruism vs self-centeredness\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

The Talmud (Sabbath 89a) brings a cryptic midrash by<\/span> Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

After Moses descended from God with the Torah, Satan came and said before Him: Master of the Universe, where is the Torah? God said: I have given it to the earth.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Satan went to the earth, and said: Where is the Torah? It said to him: \u201cGod understands its way, and He knows its place\u201d (<\/span>Job 28:23<\/span><\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

He went to the sea and to the depths, \u201cThe depth said: It is not within me, and the sea said: It is not with me\u201d (<\/span>Job 28:14<\/span><\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cDestruction and death said: We heard a rumor of it with our ears\u201d (<\/span>Job 28:22<\/span><\/a>). (Satan already knew that\u2026)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Satan returned and said \"Master of the Universe, I searched for the Torah throughout all the earth and did not find it.\" God said: \"Go to (Moses) the son of Amram\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Satan went to Moses and asked: The Torah that God gave you, where is it? Moses said: What am I? Am I worthy that God would have given me the Torah?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

God said to Moses: Moses, are you a liar? Moses said before Him: Master of the Universe, You have a hidden treasure in which You delight every day, as it is stated: \u201cAnd I was His delight every day, playing before Him at every moment\u201d (<\/span>Proverbs 8:30<\/span><\/a>). Should I take credit for myself and say that You gave it to me?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

God said to Moses: Since you belittled yourself, the Torah will be called by your name, as it is stated: \u201cRemember the Torah of Moses My servant to whom I commanded at Horeb laws and statutes for all of Israel\u201d (<\/span>Malachi 3:22<\/span><\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The contrast with Job is jarring. Satan is sent down on a search mission. The earth, sea, depths, destruction and death all quote from Job's response in chapter 28.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Yet, whereas Job is put through difficult trials, Moses emerges unscathed and even earns immediate praise.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This emphasizes the rabbis\u2019 view regarding Job's failure. Job lacks humility. He openly expresses his own righteousness and wisdom for all to hear. Perhaps even God's bragging in the inciting incident reflects Job's hubris. Conversely, Moses, the most humble of men, does no such thing. Compare his response \"What am I?\u00a0 Am I worthy?\" to Job proudly pronouncing \"He said to man, \u201cSee! Fear of the Lord is wisdom.\" (Job 28, 28)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This character flaw is at the root of Job's problem. His lack of humility breeds an incapacity for altruism, which leads to his lack of hope.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This humility of Moses, nurtures his altruistic outlook, providing hope for future generations and creating an eternal legacy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

By \"fooling\" Satan, Moses exposes a deeper truth, one which makes him immune to Satan's machinations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":70033,"alt":"","title":"jer14-moses-prays","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays.jpg","width":450,"height":648,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays-208x300.jpg","medium-width":208,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays.jpg","medium_large-width":450,"medium_large-height":648,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays.jpg","large-width":450,"large-height":648,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays.jpg","1536x1536-width":450,"1536x1536-height":648,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays.jpg","2048x2048-width":450,"2048x2048-height":648,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays.jpg","post_full_size-width":450,"post_full_size-height":648,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays-292x420.jpg","home_baner-width":292,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"The Humility of Moses Vs. The Arrogance of Job","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"And altruism vs self-centeredness","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":70033,"alt":"","title":"jer14-moses-prays","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays.jpg","width":450,"height":648,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays-208x300.jpg","medium-width":208,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays.jpg","medium_large-width":450,"medium_large-height":648,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays.jpg","large-width":450,"large-height":648,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays.jpg","1536x1536-width":450,"1536x1536-height":648,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays.jpg","2048x2048-width":450,"2048x2048-height":648,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays.jpg","post_full_size-width":450,"post_full_size-height":648,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer14-moses-prays-292x420.jpg","home_baner-width":292,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"28","chapter_main_number":"776","date":"20280820","wall_id":"776"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":5,"id":"95008","color":"#efefef","size":"1","name":"Hidden Motives?\u00a0 ","post_title":"Hidden Motives?\u00a0","slug":"hidden-motives","old_id":"95008","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":62571,"post_title":"Yaakov Bieler","slug":"yaakov-bieler","old_id":"62571","first_name":"Yaakov ","last_name":"Bieler ","description":"Rabbi Yaakov Bieler has been involved in Jewish education and the synagogue Rabbinate in New York, NY and Silver Spring, MD since being ordained by Yeshiva University in 1974. He has lectured and written extensively on Modern Orthodoxy, and blogs daily at https:\/\/yaakovbieler.wordpress.com ","short_description":"Rabbi Yaakov Bieler has been involved in Jewish education and the synagogue Rabbinate in New York, NY and Silver Spring, MD since being ordained by Yeshiva University. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":62572,"alt":"","title":"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","width":141,"height":180,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler-141x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":141,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","medium-width":141,"medium-height":180,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","medium_large-width":141,"medium_large-height":180,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","large-width":141,"large-height":180,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","1536x1536-width":141,"1536x1536-height":180,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","2048x2048-width":141,"2048x2048-height":180,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","post_full_size-width":141,"post_full_size-height":180,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","home_baner-width":141,"home_baner-height":180}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"777","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Perhaps Job\u2019s self-recollections aren\u2019t as perfect as they seem\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

In chapter 29, Job revisits how in the past, people would show him great deference and respect (v. 8-11, 21-5.) Instead of taking personal credit for his achievements, Job attributes his special treatment to God, Who, he believed, was continually watching over him (v. 2-7.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In v. 12-7, Job provides an inventory of his meritorious deeds which he believes earned him God\u2019s special care. Since a good deed has an objective reality that cannot ever be denied, recalling the great things that Job has done, serves to compound his consternation over the Divine\u2019s apparent indifference to his current situation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In the Talmud (Bava Batra 16a), the Rabbis find subtle flaws and ambiguities with some of the behaviors that Job takes pride in recounting:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Rava interpreted a verse homiletically: What is the meaning of\u00a0 Job saying about himself: (v. 13) \u201cI received the blessing of the lost; I gladdened the heart of the widow\u201d?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cI received the blessing of the lost\u2026\u201d teaches that Job used to steal a field from orphans, cultivate it, improve it, and then return it to them; consequently, they would bless him for the field they had lost.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201c\u2026I gladdened the heart of the widow\u201d teaches that anywhere that there was a widow whom no one would marry, he would go and cast his name upon her, and then somebody would come forward and marry her.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Taking a cue from Rava, who interpreted Job\u2019s interventions as helpful, but at the same time somewhat self-serving, other behaviors cited by Job could possibly be rendered as:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cI saved the poor man who cried out\u2026\u201d (v. 12)\u2014I gave a job to someone unemployed (<\/span>without considering safety provisions or the individual\u2019s dignity<\/span><\/em>);<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201c\u2026the orphan who had none to help him.\u201d\u2014I made sure that someone who had no parents would have a roof over his head and food to eat (<\/span>but his consequent servitude, while difficult for him\/her, filled a need for me<\/span><\/em>);<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cI was a father to the needy\u2026\u201d ( v. 16 )\u2014whenever I came across a poor individual, I saw to his financial, medical, and social needs (<\/span>but I expected to eventually be paid back for such outlays of personal resources<\/span><\/em>);<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201c\u2026and I looked into the case of the stranger.\u201d\u2014I assisted someone who was a newcomer to the community and suffering mightily from xenophobia (<\/span>but I expected his gratitude and appreciation for what I had done for him\/her<\/span><\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

An indication that something might be subtly wrong with Job\u2019s \u201ctooting his own horn,\u201d is the fact that he says these things about himself, rather than their being third-person descriptions, as opposed to chapter 1:1, 8.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In light of the Talmud\u2019s critical remarks, it is important that when we do something for another, it be done \u201c<\/em><\/span>lishma\u2019<\/span>\u201d (<\/span>for the sake of itself<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/i>) The advice in Chapter of the Fathers 1: 16 is prudent: \u201cMake for yourself a teacher (<\/em><\/span>someone who could offer an outsider\u2019s perspective<\/span><\/em>) <\/em>and thereby remove yourself from doubt\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":95009,"alt":"","title":"job29-mental health lonely 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Retrospection And Romanticized Memories\u00a0 ","post_title":"Rosy Retrospection And Romanticized Memories\u00a0","slug":"rosy-retrospection-and-romanticized-memories","old_id":"95005","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":46656,"post_title":"Molly Morris","slug":"molly-morris","old_id":"46656","first_name":"Molly ","last_name":"Morris ","description":"Molly Morris holds a Masters degree in Leadership and Community Engagement. Her particular area of interest is biblical leadership. Molly participates in the 929 initiative with a dedicated group from the Beth Avraham Yoseph of Toronto congregation. \r\n\r\n","short_description":"Molly Morris holds a Masters degree in Leadership and Community Engagement. Molly participates in the 929 initiative with a dedicated group from the Beth Avraham Yoseph of Toronto congregation. \r\n\r\n","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":92561,"alt":"","title":"molly morris","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris.jpg","width":2192,"height":2488,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-264x300.jpg","medium-width":264,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-768x872.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":872,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-902x1024.jpg","large-width":902,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris.jpg","1536x1536-width":1353,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris.jpg","2048x2048-width":1804,"2048x2048-height":2048,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-1057x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":1057,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-370x420.jpg","home_baner-width":370,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"777","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Memory isn\u2019t just there to help us remember where the car is parked. It also helps us feel better.\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

Memory is a tricky thing. Our minds hold a combination of strong, concrete memories, fleeting memories, and sometimes false memories. Often our current circumstances color our memories of the past. As the story of Job enters its conclusion, Job recounts his previous life with five distinct claims.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Job remembers a life characterized by ease and success. First, he speaks of his spiritual success, remembering a time when God watched over him and shone His light upon him, when God\u2019s mysteries permeated his bones. And Job reflects on his past physical comfort when he metaphorically bathed in cream and the rocks gushed oil for his benefit. Third, Job recounts the extreme honor bestowed on him, remembering how everyone showered him with respect and was silenced by the power of his words. From there Job moves on to recollect his position as an icon of social justice, tending to all the needy and clothing himself in righteousness. And finally, Job describes how he believed himself infallible and that his success would go on forever.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Was Job being pompous in his self-assessment or was he merely romanticizing his own past, which was decidedly rosier than his present reality? We know, certainly, from the beginning of this story, that not all was perfect in Job\u2019s life. We know he worried deeply about his own children\u2019s activities, bringing daily sacrifices to atone for their behavior. So, he must have felt some vulnerability even while in his zenith.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Whether or not Job was exaggerating his own greatness, psychology teaches that there is a reason and purpose for romanticized memories. Referred to as \u201crosy retrospection\u201d and \u201cmood repair\u201d, Dr. Felipe Brigard, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University says, \u201cMemory isn\u2019t just there to help us remember where the car is parked. It also plays other roles and one of them is to help us feel better.\u201d Subconsciously embellishing our memories or leaving out the bits we\u2019d rather not dwell on, says Dr. Daniel Schacter of Harvard University, \u201cis an adaptive way to regulate emotion in the present and enhance optimism about the future.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

During Job\u2019s soliloquy, he is in great pain, and will follow these recollections with another speech comparing his current situation to how he saw himself previously. The mysteries of memory may well serve as the mood repair tool Job needs to move forward with hope for a rosy resolution of his story.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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He is the author of TANAKH: An Owner\u2019s Manual (Jerusalem: Urim\/Ktav, 2015).\r\n\r\n","short_description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34244,"alt":"","title":"sokolow","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","width":302,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow-300x298.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":298,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","medium_large-width":302,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","large-width":302,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","1536x1536-width":302,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","2048x2048-width":302,"2048x2048-height":300,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","post_full_size-width":302,"post_full_size-height":300,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","home_baner-width":302,"home_baner-height":300}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"778","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"It is a fact of human nature that people may honestly maintain convictions that they do not embody in their actions\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

In this part of his soliloquy, Job described his current distress and degradation. As Gordis commented:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Job\u2019s situation has been catastrophically changed; now he is confronted by the contempt of the dregs of society. The misery of his alienation is compounded by the physical agony that his body is suffering. Despised by men and attacked by God, Job is left in loneliness and despair.\u201d (325)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This chapter can be divided into five parts:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

1.\u00a0<\/span>1-14, the contempt Job suffered at the hands of those for whom he had but contempt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

2.\u00a0<\/span>15-18, the description of his pain and anguish.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

3.\u00a0<\/span>19-23, imputing that pain to God\u2019s cruelty and hatred.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

4.\u00a0<\/span>24-25, Job\u2019s unremitting concern for the unfortunate.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

5.\u00a0<\/span>26-31, his current miserable situation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Particular notice should be paid to the use of \u201cBut now\u201d (<\/span>ve`attah<\/span><\/em>) in v.1, which places what follows in direct contrast to 29:25. Rather than \u201cliving like a king among his troops,\u201d Job was now derided by men \u201cwhose fathers I would have disdained to put among my sheep dogs.\u201d The repetition of <\/span>ve`attah<\/em> <\/span>in vs. 9 and 16 adds to the chapter\u2019s impact.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In a special note, Gordis addressed the ostensible dissonance between Job\u2019s avowed contempt for his lowly detractors and his subsequent claim: \u201cDid I ever brush aside the case of my servants, man or maid, when they made a complaint against me?\u201d (31:13) and his assertion of equality with them: \u201cDid not He who made me in my mother\u2019s belly make him? Did not One form us both in the womb?\u201d (31:15). His resolution:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It is a fact of human nature that men may honestly maintain convictions that they do not embody in their actions. A striking example of this melancholy truth is afforded by Thomas Jefferson, the famous American patriot, who was a slaveholder in Virginia all his life, though to be sure a humane and considerate master. Yet he was the author of the <\/span>Declaration of Independence<\/span><\/em>, with its ringing affirmation of the equality of all men and their inalienable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. (541)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":95051,"alt":"","title":"Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon.jpg","width":693,"height":516,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon-300x223.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":223,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon.jpg","medium_large-width":693,"medium_large-height":516,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon.jpg","large-width":693,"large-height":516,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon.jpg","1536x1536-width":693,"1536x1536-height":516,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon.jpg","2048x2048-width":693,"2048x2048-height":516,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon.jpg","post_full_size-width":693,"post_full_size-height":516,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon-564x420.jpg","home_baner-width":564,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"\u201cThat All Are Created Equal\u201d","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"It is a fact of human nature that people may honestly maintain convictions that they do not embody in their actions","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":95051,"alt":"","title":"Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon.jpg","width":693,"height":516,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon-300x223.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":223,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon.jpg","medium_large-width":693,"medium_large-height":516,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon.jpg","large-width":693,"large-height":516,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon.jpg","1536x1536-width":693,"1536x1536-height":516,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon.jpg","2048x2048-width":693,"2048x2048-height":516,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon.jpg","post_full_size-width":693,"post_full_size-height":516,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Job30-slavery-George-Washington-Mount-Vernon-564x420.jpg","home_baner-width":564,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"30","chapter_main_number":"778","date":"20280822","wall_id":"778"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":8,"id":"95038","color":"#e0e9ef","size":"1","name":"Job and the Origins of the Term \u2018Shoah\u2019 ","post_title":"Job and the Origins of the Term \u2018Shoah\u2019","slug":"job-and-the-origins-of-the-term-shoah","old_id":"95038","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":38322,"post_title":"James A. 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Diamond holds the Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Chair of Jewish Studies at the University of Waterloo.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":38323,"alt":"","title":"James Diamond","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","width":1186,"height":1386,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-257x300.jpg","medium-width":257,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-768x898.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":898,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-876x1024.jpg","large-width":876,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","1536x1536-width":1186,"1536x1536-height":1386,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","2048x2048-width":1186,"2048x2048-height":1386,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-1027x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":1027,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-359x420.jpg","home_baner-width":359,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"778","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"God condemns the friends\u2019 glib rationalization of suffering as punishment, a bankrupt theology shockingly still parroted today\u00a0\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

Job introduces the term <\/span>shoah<\/span><\/em> in this chapter to evoke a bleak existence suffused by \u201cthe gloom of desolate wasteland (<\/span>shoah umeshoah<\/span><\/em>)\u2026\u201d\u00a0 (30:3-9) In its original biblical contexts it translates variously as some extreme form of destruction, including \u201cdevastation\u201d, \u201cruin\u201d, or \u201cwaste\u201d. Commentators identify it metaphorically with natural phenomena such as the darkness of a total solar eclipse (Malbim); the deafening noise of a torrential storm (Prov. 1:27 - Eliezer Beaugency); the desolation of a desert (Gersonides).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In our time the term is identified with the greatest disaster in Jewish history, or indeed human history, and the genocidal madness that engulfed Jews in the twentieth century. The term invited criticism since that catastrophe was of such magnitude as to defy any kind of naming. Indeed, many find the term \u201cholocaust\u201d offensive since its original Greek referred to a wholly burnt sacrificial offering. If sacrifices were brought by priests to appease God, the theological implications of the term applied to this genocide border on the obscene. Does the murder of millions please God?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

However, Job\u2019s use of <\/span>shoah<\/span><\/em> here, and its appearance again at the climax of the book when God finally responds, qualify its appropriation if only for the particular theological dilemma of innocent suffering with which it resonates. On the one hand, God explicitly condemns the friends\u2019 glib response that neatly rationalizes it as punishment, a bankrupt theology shockingly still parroted today despite an entire biblical book\u2019s rejection of it. On the other, God also denies any final neat resolution of the conflict between innocent suffering and divine justice because to ultimately fathom what makes the universe tick is beyond human ken.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Included in a litany of the world\u2019s wonders which elude human capacity is God\u2019s ability to nourish a wasteland when its barrenness seems to defy fecundity- \u201cTo saturate the desolate wasteland (<\/span>shoah umeshoah<\/span><\/em>), And make the crop of grass sprout forth?\u201d (38:27) In its doubled form, an unmistakable allusion to Job\u2019s own appropriation of the same, God actually intensifies the dilemma of suffering that reached its apex in <\/span>the<\/span><\/em> Shoah. If God\u2019s power to transform a <\/span>shoah<\/span><\/em>, to turn arid desolation into life sustaining lushness, is a metaphor for His limitless power to govern the world, the questions of why He allowed on a micro level Job\u2019s suffering, and, on a macro level why He did not avert <\/span>the<\/span> Shoah, become even more acute.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

For the contemporary reader Job\u2019s and God\u2019s resort to the term \u2018shoah\u2019 simply amplify the question mark by orders of magnitude. The book urgently presses us to probe, challenge, demand, and question injustice as Job does, always cognizant of our limitations, rather than complacently accept and rationalize it, arrogantly assuming one can discern God\u2019s mind, as the friends do. That might result in a life of faith informed by concern, anxiety, and doubt, as the Shoah surely must continue to provoke, rather than the mind-numbing comfort the friends offer. Perhaps that is precisely the point of the book.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":95039,"alt":"","title":"job30-holocaust shoah","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah.jpg","width":1920,"height":1285,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah-300x201.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":201,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah-768x514.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":514,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah-1024x685.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":685,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1028,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1285,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah-1200x803.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":803,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah-628x420.jpg","home_baner-width":628,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Job and the Origins of the Term \u2018Shoah\u2019","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"God condemns the friends\u2019 glib rationalization of suffering as punishment, a bankrupt theology shockingly still parroted today\u00a0","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":95039,"alt":"","title":"job30-holocaust shoah","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah.jpg","width":1920,"height":1285,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah-300x201.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":201,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah-768x514.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":514,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah-1024x685.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":685,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1028,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1285,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah-1200x803.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":803,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-holocaust-shoah-628x420.jpg","home_baner-width":628,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"30","chapter_main_number":"778","date":"20280822","wall_id":"778"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":9,"id":"95035","color":"#faeed8","size":"1","name":"A Study In Contrasts ","post_title":"A Study In Contrasts","slug":"a-study-in-contrasts","old_id":"95035","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":78133,"post_title":"Josh Blechner","slug":"josh-blechner","old_id":"78133","first_name":"Josh ","last_name":"Blechner ","description":"Josh first finished the Tanach during Yeshiva in Mevaseret Zion. He and his daughter studied the Tanach again for her bat mitzvah. Josh has taught many classes on Tanach throughout the years and currently in the New Rochelle 929 group. When not studying for 929, Josh works as an in-house lawyer in New Jersey.","short_description":"Josh has taught many classes on Tanach throughout the years and currently in the New Rochelle 929 group, and is an in-house attorney in New Jersey. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":78134,"alt":"","title":"josh blechner","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","width":276,"height":351,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-236x300.jpg","medium-width":236,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","medium_large-width":276,"medium_large-height":351,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","large-width":276,"large-height":351,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","1536x1536-width":276,"1536x1536-height":351,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","2048x2048-width":276,"2048x2048-height":351,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","post_full_size-width":276,"post_full_size-height":351,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","home_baner-width":276,"home_baner-height":351}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"778","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Wait, if the wicked prosper, and I am suffering - then maybe that proves I am righteous?\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

As opposed to the previous chapter, which spoke of Job's glory days, this chapter speaks of Job's downfall. All that was going well for him breaks down. \"So my lyre is given over to mourning, My pipe, to accompany weepers\" (verse 31). This is a direct reference to Job's description of the successes of the wicked in chapter 21. \"They sound the timbrel and the lyre and they rejoice to the sound of the pipe\" (21:12).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In chapter 21 Job addressed the fact that the wicked are always successful. Their lives seem perfect. Job may be contrasting his life again against theirs. It is almost as if he is saying his downfall proves that he is not guilty of some transgression as his friends keep trying to argue. The wicked get to sing and dance,, but I, Job, can only use my lyre and pipe for mourning.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":95036,"alt":"","title":"job30-pawn white black","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black.jpg","width":1920,"height":1341,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black-300x210.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":210,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black-768x536.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":536,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black-1024x715.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":715,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1073,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1341,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black-1200x838.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":838,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black-601x420.jpg","home_baner-width":601,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"A Study In Contrasts","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Wait, if the wicked prosper, and I am suffering - then maybe that proves I am righteous?","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":95036,"alt":"","title":"job30-pawn white black","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black.jpg","width":1920,"height":1341,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black-300x210.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":210,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black-768x536.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":536,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black-1024x715.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":715,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1073,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1341,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black-1200x838.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":838,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job30-pawn-white-black-601x420.jpg","home_baner-width":601,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"30","chapter_main_number":"778","date":"20280822","wall_id":"778"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":10,"id":"95088","color":"#e6f5f3","size":"1","name":"Job in Chapter 31 - Rogue Faith ","post_title":"Job in Chapter 31 - Rogue Faith","slug":"job-in-chapter-31-rogue-faith","old_id":"95088","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":41786,"post_title":"Kayley Romick","slug":"kayley-romick","old_id":"41786","first_name":"Kayley ","last_name":"Romick ","description":"Kayley Romick is a Jewish educator living in New York. She is currently pursuing rabbinical ordination and a master\u2019s degree in Jewish Educational Leadership at The Jewish Theological Seminary. Kayley currently serves as the Rabbinic Intern and Director of Youth and Family Engagement at Woodbury Jewish Center.","short_description":"Kayley Romick is a Jewish educator living in New York, pursuing rabbinical ordination and a master\u2019s degree at JTS. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":41787,"alt":"","title":"kayley romick","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/kayley-romick-e1539168405758.jpg","width":442,"height":415,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/kayley-romick-e1539168405758-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/kayley-romick-e1539168405758-300x282.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":282,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/kayley-romick-e1539168405758.jpg","medium_large-width":442,"medium_large-height":415,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/kayley-romick-e1539168405758.jpg","large-width":442,"large-height":415,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/kayley-romick-e1539168405758.jpg","1536x1536-width":442,"1536x1536-height":415,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/kayley-romick-e1539168405758.jpg","2048x2048-width":442,"2048x2048-height":415,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/kayley-romick-e1539168405758.jpg","post_full_size-width":442,"post_full_size-height":415,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/kayley-romick-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"779","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"In wearing his writ and bearing his wounds, Job stands alone: he is searching for the wisdom that will make him whole again\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

This is part 3 - for part 1 <\/span>see here<\/span><\/a>, and part 2, <\/span>here.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Over the course of his speeches, Job\u2019s suffering and grief are continually expressed in the form of righteous indignation against God. Not able to fathom why he is suffering so severely, he cries out, \u201cO that I had someone to give me a hearing; O that Shaddai would reply to my writ, Or my accuser draw up a true bill! I would carry it on my shoulder; Tie it around me for a wreath\u201d (Job 31:35-36).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

His overt indictment of God is a complete departure from his and his community\u2019s belief system. Rather, he argues that he should be weighed on his own scale of justice. Job has shaken off societal expectations of faith. Instead religious truth is now to be discovered and claimed solely by his own inner authority (Gleason, 311). In wearing his writ and bearing his wounds in the painting, Job stands alone. He is searching for the wisdom that will make him whole again. Like Joseph Campbell\u2019s epic hero, he has defeated his mortal foes. Now, he faces his true enemy: an apathetic God (Gleason, 311). What makes this more akin to a hero\u2019s journey than real life is that God actually answers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The content of the answer is not as remarkable as the fact that God answered itself\u2014this is what allows Job to complete his spiritual journey and return to his kin and companions with wisdom.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Gleason, J. \u201cThe Four Worlds Of Spiritual Assessment and Care.\u201d <\/span>Journal of Religion and Health<\/span><\/i>, vol. 38, no. 4 (Winter 1999)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

image:\u00a0 courtesy of the author.<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":95089,"alt":"","title":"KR-image-ch31","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31.jpg","width":1799,"height":1837,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31-294x300.jpg","medium-width":294,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31-768x784.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":784,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31-1003x1024.jpg","large-width":1003,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31.jpg","1536x1536-width":1504,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31.jpg","2048x2048-width":1799,"2048x2048-height":1837,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31-1175x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":1175,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31-411x420.jpg","home_baner-width":411,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"An Artist\u2019s Rendition of Faith in Job - 4 Part Series","tile_main_caption":"Job in Chapter 31 - Rogue Faith","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"In wearing his writ and bearing his wounds, Job stands alone: he is searching for the wisdom that will make him whole again","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":95089,"alt":"","title":"KR-image-ch31","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31.jpg","width":1799,"height":1837,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31-294x300.jpg","medium-width":294,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31-768x784.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":784,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31-1003x1024.jpg","large-width":1003,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31.jpg","1536x1536-width":1504,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31.jpg","2048x2048-width":1799,"2048x2048-height":1837,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31-1175x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":1175,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/KR-image-ch31-411x420.jpg","home_baner-width":411,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"31","chapter_main_number":"779","date":"20280823","wall_id":"779"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":11,"id":"95125","color":"#f7e9e9","size":"1","name":"Elihu And Human Suffering ","post_title":"Elihu And Human Suffering","slug":"elihu-and-human-suffering","old_id":"95125","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":33877,"post_title":"Marc Bregman","slug":"marc-bregman","old_id":"33877","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Bregman","description":"Marc Bregman received his Ph.D. from The Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1991. He taught at the Hebrew Union College (Jerusalem), The Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the Schechter Institute for Judaic Studies in Jerusalem, and at the Ben-Gurion University in Beer Sheba, Israel. During 1993 he was Visiting Associate Professor at Yale University, and during 1996 he was the Stroum Professor of Jewish Studies and Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Washington in Seattle. During 2005, Bregman served as the Harry Starr Fellow in Judaica at Harvard University and was awarded a Teaching Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. He also has served as Forchheimer Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Humanities at The Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He is the author of The Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature: Studies in the Evolution of the Versions (Gorgias Press, 2003). In 2006, Bregman was appointed the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro, where he also headed the program in Jewish Studies, until 2013. Bregman retired from UNCG as of July 31, 2017. He has now returned to Jerusalem where he is continuing his research and teaching activities.","credit":"","image_url":"","short_description":"Marc Bregman is the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies emeritus, at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro.","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":33878,"alt":"Marc Bregman","title":"Marc Bregman","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","width":361,"height":488,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-222x300.jpg","medium-width":222,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","medium_large-width":361,"medium_large-height":488,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","large-width":361,"large-height":488,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","1536x1536-width":361,"1536x1536-height":488,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","2048x2048-width":361,"2048x2048-height":488,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","post_full_size-width":361,"post_full_size-height":488,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-311x420.jpg","home_baner-width":311,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"780","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Suffering not as punishment, but as a chastening, soul-purifying process\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

Our<\/span> chapter<\/span><\/a> begins the reply of Elihu to Job and his three companions that extends to the end of Chapter 37. Considering that Elihu is precisely identified as \u201cElihu son of Barachel the Buzite, of the family of Ram\u201d it is somewhat surprising to find a broad spectrum of views in post-biblical literature on just who this Elihu was.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

What is perhaps the most extreme and surprising view is found in the pseudepigraphic<\/span> Testament of Job<\/span><\/a> (1<\/span>st<\/span> century BCE-1<\/span>st<\/span> century CE). In Chapter 10 of this work, Elihu is said to be a \u201cwild beast\u2026imbued with the Spirit of Satan\u201d. He is not pardoned along with Job\u2019s three companions and he has \u201cno remembrance among the living\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Talmud Bavli Bava Batra 15a<\/span><\/a> lists Elihu as one of seven prophets who prophesied to the nations of the world: Balaam and his father Beor, Job, Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, Zophar the Naamathite and Elihu ben Barachel the Buzite.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

According to<\/span> Talmud Yerushalmi Sotah 5:6 (25b<\/span><\/a>), Rabbi Akiba interpreted Elihu\u2019s patronymic \u201cson of Barachel the Buzite of the family of Ram\u201d to identify Elihu with Balaam \u201cwho came to curse Israel but blessed them\u201d (<\/span>Deuteronomy 23:6<\/span><\/a>). He was called <\/span>Ha-Buzi<\/span><\/em> because his prophecy was despicable (<\/span>bazui<\/span><\/em>)<\/em>. And that Elihu was \u201cof the family of Ram\u201d indicates that he was from Aram, like Balaam (<\/span>Numbers 23:7<\/span><\/a>). However, Rabbi Eliezer ben Azariah identified Elihu with Isaac. \u201cBarachel\u201d indicates that God blessed him (<\/span>berakho ha-El<\/span><\/em>). <\/span>Ha-Buzi<\/span><\/em> indicates Isaac despised all houses of idolatry at the time he was bound on the altar (see<\/span> Genesis 22:9<\/span><\/a>). That Elihu was \u201cof the family of Ram\u201d indicates that he, like Isaac, dwelt in Aram (<\/span>Genesis 28:2<\/span><\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The 17<\/span>th<\/span> century Cambridge Hebraist<\/span> John Lightfoot<\/span><\/a> suggested that Elihu, because he responds both to Job and his three companions, was the author of the Book of Job. Understandably, this view has been rejected by most modern Biblical scholars.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

What in Elihu\u2019s contribution to the Book of Job caused such a wide divergence of views about Chapters 32-37? In an extensive discussion of the<\/span> Speeches of Elihu<\/span><\/a>, Helen Hawley Nichols suggests that Elihu regarded his solution to Job\u2019s suffering as \u201cGod-given illumination\u201d. Suffering is to be regarded not as punishment for sin, which was the view previously espoused by Job\u2019s three companions and the basic idea of divine retribution. Rather, Elihu regards human suffering as a chastening, soul-purifying process. God \u201crescues the lowly from their affliction, and opens their understanding through distress\u201d (<\/span>Job 36:15<\/span><\/a>). God\u2019s purpose is to turn man away from a [sinful] deed, to suppress pride in man. He spares him from the Pit (<\/span>Job 33:17-18<\/span><\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

We have here a Biblical concept of suffering that perhaps led to the Rabbinic notion of <\/span>yissurin shel ahavah<\/em> <\/span>\u2013 afflictions of love (<\/span>Berakhot 5a<\/span><\/a>) and Rabbi Akiba\u2019s seemingly paradoxical statement: <\/span>havivin yissurin<\/em> <\/span>\u2013 afflictions are cherished! (<\/span>Sanhedrin 101a-b<\/span><\/a>).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Diamond","slug":"james-a-diamond","old_id":"38322","first_name":"James ","last_name":"Diamond ","description":"Prof. James A. Diamond holds the Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Chair of Jewish Studies at the University of Waterloo. His most recent book is \u201cJewish Theology Unbound\u201d published by Oxford University Press. ","short_description":"Prof. James A. Diamond holds the Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Chair of Jewish Studies at the University of Waterloo.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":38323,"alt":"","title":"James Diamond","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","width":1186,"height":1386,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-257x300.jpg","medium-width":257,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-768x898.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":898,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-876x1024.jpg","large-width":876,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","1536x1536-width":1186,"1536x1536-height":1386,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","2048x2048-width":1186,"2048x2048-height":1386,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-1027x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":1027,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-359x420.jpg","home_baner-width":359,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"780","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"It is ignorance that breeds the arrogance of unassailable conviction, while wisdom demands the humility to admit mistakes\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

This chapter introduces Elihu after the three friends have exhausted all their arguments. However, even before we hear the substance of his contribution to the discourse, Elihu\u2019s anger underscores a decisive problem with the manner in which they have conducted their dialogue. He is \u201cangry at Job because he thought himself right (root=<\/span>tzedek<\/span><\/em>) against God,\u201d and he is equally \u201cangry at his three friends, because they found no reply, but merely condemned (root=<\/span>rasha<\/span><\/em>) Job\u201d (32:2-3). Their perspectives clash so starkly, one seeing <\/span>tzedek<\/span><\/em>, <\/span><\/i>righteous, versus the other seeing <\/span>rasha<\/span><\/em>, wicked, that there was never any possibility of resolution.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

For Maimonides, a major clue to deciphering the meaning of Job is that while the book\u2019s very first verse describes Job as morally virtuous, it conspicuously omits ascribing \u2018wisdom\u2019 to him. He seemingly lacks the intelligence that warrants characterizing him a <\/span>chakham<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/i> Most often it is precisely ignorance that breeds the arrogance of unassailable conviction, while wisdom demands the humility to admit mistakes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Maimonides\u2019 philosophy, in a rudimentary sense, can be reduced to the following proposition: true wisdom entails a lifetime of investigation ending in knowledge of what one doesn\u2019t know, or, what one <\/span>cannot<\/span><\/em> know. There is for Maimonides, a position that mediates between the two extremes of Job and his friends: \u201cThe notion of His providence is not the same as our notion of providence, nor is the notion of His governance of His creatures the same as our governance...\u201d But authentic wisdom would necessitate an admission of failure to grasp concepts we are so often convinced we do, something both Job and the friends lack the wisdom to do.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The verb used to indicate the cessation of the debate between Job and his friends, is instructive: \u201cThese three men <\/span>ceased, vayishbetu<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/i> replying to Job\u201d (32:1) This verb first described God\u2019s activity on the seventh primordial day when He \u201cceased\u201d creating. In God\u2019s case that cessation arrived only after a comprehensive assessment of everything in its totality as complete. In the pursuit of knowledge only God can rest, but for human beings to ever stop debating and inquiring is to conceitedly appropriate a vantage point that belongs solely to God.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Though the friends have shown themselves to have prejudged the situation, unwilling to ever surrender their ideology regardless of any evidence to the contrary, Job too has demonstrated his unwillingness to concede anything that might challenge his own convictions. Both Job and the friends actually are guilty of the same hubris that silences anything but echoes of their own beliefs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

There is a telling double-entendre to the term <\/span>tzedek<\/span><\/em>, signifying both Job\u2019s character and the correctness of his position. The debate can never overcome Job\u2019s \u2018innocence\u2019 complemented by the \u2018correctness\u2019 of the implications he insists drawing regarding divine providence and justice. Yet, his intransigence invites the possibility that while he may be right on his \u2018innocence\u2019 he might not be on his \u2018correctness.\u2019<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":95123,"alt":"","title":"job32-oops mistake","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake-1200x800.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":800,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"The Job That Lacks Wisdom","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"It is ignorance that breeds the arrogance of unassailable conviction, while wisdom demands the humility to admit mistakes","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":95123,"alt":"","title":"job32-oops mistake","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake-1200x800.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":800,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/job32-oops-mistake-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"32","chapter_main_number":"780","date":"20280824","wall_id":"780"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall\/94926"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wall"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}