{"id":93949,"date":"2018-07-09T18:00:34","date_gmt":"2018-07-09T15:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wall\/wall-765\/"},"modified":"2021-06-16T19:13:20","modified_gmt":"2021-06-16T16:13:20","slug":"wall-765","status":"publish","type":"wall","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wall\/wall-765\/","title":{"rendered":"chapter-Writings-Job-17"},"parent":0,"template":"","acf":{"type":"chapter","wall_id":"765","date":"20280803","book":"Job","chapter":"17","chapter_main_number":"765","books_group":"Writings","posts":[{"order":1,"id":"94111","color":"#f8ebe3","size":"1","name":"JPS Audio Bible Job Chapter 17 ","post_title":"JPS Audio Bible Job Chapter 17","slug":"jps-audio-bible-job-chapter-17","old_id":"94111","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34686,"post_title":"Soundcloud","slug":"soundcloud","old_id":"34686","first_name":"","last_name":"","description":"","short_description":"","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34656,"alt":"","title":"491","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","width":300,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","large-width":300,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":300,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","post_full_size-width":300,"post_full_size-height":300,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","home_baner-width":300,"home_baner-height":300}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"765","type_929":"4","show_author_image":true,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"JPS Audio Bible","tile_main_caption":"Job Chapter 17","tile_main_caption_size":"2","tile_sub_caption":"Hear the daily chapter","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/user-753876298\/jps_audio_bible_job_chapter_17","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"17","chapter_main_number":"765","date":"20280803","wall_id":"765"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":2,"id":"94276","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Deathbed Reflections ","post_title":"Deathbed Reflections","slug":"deathbed-reflections","old_id":"94276","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":93055,"post_title":"J.J. Kimche","slug":"j-j-kimche","old_id":"93055","first_name":"J.J. ","last_name":"Kimche ","description":"J.J. Kimche is a student, teacher, translator, archiver, and writer of Jewish texts. He is currently a PhD candidate at Harvard University, specialising in Jewish intellectual history. ","short_description":"J.J. Kimche is a student, teacher, translator, archiver, and writer of Jewish texts, and a PhD candidate at Harvard University in Jewish intellectual history. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":93056,"alt":"","title":"JJ Kimche","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche.jpeg","width":1080,"height":720,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche-150x150.jpeg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche-300x200.jpeg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche-768x512.jpeg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche-1024x683.jpeg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche.jpeg","1536x1536-width":1080,"1536x1536-height":720,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche.jpeg","2048x2048-width":1080,"2048x2048-height":720,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche.jpeg","post_full_size-width":1080,"post_full_size-height":720,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/JJ-Kimche-630x420.jpeg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"765","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Facing death with dread, or with equanimity?\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

\u201c<\/span>My spirit is crushed, my days run out; The graveyard waits for me<\/span><\/em>... <\/span><\/i>(17:1).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

How does one prepare for death? What comfort can be brought to those who are breathing their final breaths on this earth? Is it possible to set one\u2019s mind in order in anticipation of one\u2019s own annihilation?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

These questions are placed front and center in this chapter, as Job is utterly convinced that he is about to die. This conclusion is certainly warranted; after all, he is relatively advanced in age, his body is wracked by tremendous pain and illness, and he has been deprived of his source of sustenance. Childless, penniless, and repudiated by his closest friends, Job seems about as close to death as is possible for a living person. He seems resigned to his fate, believing that Sheol \u2013 the static underworld in which the dead reside \u2013 will be his permanent resting place, with maggots and worms as his permanent companions. Moreover, Job believes that he will die an unfulfilled death, seeing that he still believes that God, who until now constituted the perfectly moral being whom Job worshipped, had committed an unspeakable injustice against him. Job felt like a man deeply betrayed, a state for which even the grave offers no resolution.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It is this last point that is perhaps the most tragic. The experience of a person\u2019s final hours entirely depends upon the contextual framework in which they view their death. For those who can look back in satisfaction upon a life well lived, or for those who believe that death is merely a portal to their soul\u2019s next great adventure, death may be faced with a measure of equanimity.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A magnificent example of this is the death of Socrates, the great Athenian philosopher who was condemned to death by his fellow citizens. His final hours, as recorded in the Platonic dialogue <\/span>Phaedo<\/span><\/i>, were spent calmly and rationally discussing philosophical issues with his students, finally proving to his own satisfaction the immortality of his innocent soul. Having done so, and secure in the knowledge that he was innocent of the crime to which he was being condemned, he drank the poisonous hemlock and placidly awaited for death to overtake him. Such is the tranquility of those who have lived life to the fullest, and have resolved all issues that could conceivably perturb their mind\u2019s twilight moments.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Job, of course, represents the opposite end of the spectrum. Although facing his own demise, he still has the great cloud of theodicy hanging over his head, and still demands that God answer his burning questions. Ironically, it is perhaps this agitated and unsettled state of mind that grants Job the tenacious will to cling on to life, in the hope that he will find some repose for his tortured soul. In this he eventually succeeds, and ends his life with his fortunes fully restored.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":93512,"alt":"","title":"Job-jj kimche series.png","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Hope and Suffering: A Chapter by Chapter Analysis","tile_main_caption":"Deathbed Reflections","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Facing death with dread, or with equanimity?","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":93512,"alt":"","title":"Job-jj kimche series.png","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Job-jj-kimche-series.png-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"17","chapter_main_number":"765","date":"20280803","wall_id":"765"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":3,"id":"94335","color":"#f2e9df","size":"1","name":"The Righteous One Holds To His Way ","post_title":"The Righteous One Holds To His Way","slug":"the-righteous-one-holds-to-his-way","old_id":"94335","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":33877,"post_title":"Marc Bregman","slug":"marc-bregman","old_id":"33877","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Bregman","description":"Marc Bregman received his Ph.D. from The Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1991. He taught at the Hebrew Union College (Jerusalem), The Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the Schechter Institute for Judaic Studies in Jerusalem, and at the Ben-Gurion University in Beer Sheba, Israel. During 1993 he was Visiting Associate Professor at Yale University, and during 1996 he was the Stroum Professor of Jewish Studies and Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Washington in Seattle. During 2005, Bregman served as the Harry Starr Fellow in Judaica at Harvard University and was awarded a Teaching Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. He also has served as Forchheimer Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Humanities at The Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He is the author of The Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature: Studies in the Evolution of the Versions (Gorgias Press, 2003). In 2006, Bregman was appointed the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro, where he also headed the program in Jewish Studies, until 2013. Bregman retired from UNCG as of July 31, 2017. He has now returned to Jerusalem where he is continuing his research and teaching activities.","credit":"","image_url":"","short_description":"Marc Bregman is the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies emeritus, at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro.","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":33878,"alt":"Marc Bregman","title":"Marc Bregman","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","width":361,"height":488,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-222x300.jpg","medium-width":222,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","medium_large-width":361,"medium_large-height":488,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","large-width":361,"large-height":488,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","1536x1536-width":361,"1536x1536-height":488,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","2048x2048-width":361,"2048x2048-height":488,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","post_full_size-width":361,"post_full_size-height":488,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-311x420.jpg","home_baner-width":311,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"765","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Perspectives from Bible, Midrash, Talmud and Hasidism\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

In our <\/span>chapter<\/span><\/a> Job continues speaking of his approaching death: \u201cFor a few more years will pass, And I shall go the way of no return. My spirit is crushed. My days run out. The graveyard waits for me\u201d (<\/span>16:22-17:1<\/span><\/a>). Job\u2019s cry of despair continues to the end of our chapter: \u201cWhere then is my hope? Who can see hope for me? Will it descend to Sheol? Shall we go down together to the dust?\u201d(<\/span>17:15-16<\/span><\/a>). But amidst all this hopelessness, we find a glimmer of faith in human upright behavior: \u201cThe righteous one holds to his way. He whose hands are clean grows stronger\u201d (<\/span>verse 9<\/span><\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Midrash, as creative interpretation of Scripture, tends to avoid anonymity. Thus, the unnamed \u201crighteous one\u201d (<\/span>tzaddiq<\/span><\/em>) mentioned in<\/span> verse 9<\/span><\/a> is identified alternatively as two Biblical \u201cindividuals\u201d in<\/span> Pesikta de-Rav Kahana 25:1<\/span><\/a>.<\/span> The \u201crighteous one\u201d here refers to the Holy One, blessed be He, about whom it is written: \u201cFor the Lord is righteous\u201d (<\/span>Psalms 11:7<\/span><\/a>). And the expression \u201cwhose hands are clean\u201d also refers to God (see<\/span> Habakkuk.1:13<\/span><\/a>). Indeed, even the expression \u201cgrows stronger\u201d (<\/span>yosif \u2018ometz<\/span><\/em>) <\/span><\/i>refers to the Holy One, who strengthens the righteous ones that they may do His will.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

But \u201crighteous one\u201d may also refer to Moses who \u201cexecuted the Lord\u2019s righteousness\u201d (see<\/span> Deuteronomy 33:21<\/span><\/a>). Similarly, \u201cWhose hands are clean\u201d refers to Moses who did not embezzle valuables entrusted to him (see<\/span> Numbers 16:15<\/span><\/a>). Indeed, even the phrase \u201cgrows stronger\u201d may apply to Moses who prayed to strengthen the Almighty (<\/span>ma\u2019atzim koah Gevurah<\/span><\/em>), when he cried out: \u201cMay the Lord\u2019s strength be increased\u201d (<\/span>Numbers 14:17<\/span><\/a>). This may be understood as Moses praying: \u201cMay the strength of Your mercies be increased, so that the \u201cMeasure of Mercy\u201d will prevail over the \u201cMeasure of Justice\u201d. Moreover, whenever Israel does the will of the Almighty, they increase His strength.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u00a0\u201cThe righteous one holds to his way\u201d (<\/span>verse 9<\/span><\/a>) plays a key role in a Hasidic interpretation of<\/span> Talmud Bavli Ketubot 17a<\/span><\/a>, which tells of how Rav Shmuel bar Rav Yitzhak would dance before a bride juggling three myrtle branches. Rabbi Zeira commented on these acrobatic antics: \u201cThe old man is humiliating us\u201d. But when Rav Shmuel died, a pillar of fire separated him from everyone else, and this happens for only one or two righteous individuals in any generation. Rabbi Mordechai Yosef Leiner, the early 19<\/span>th<\/span> century founder of the Izhbitza-Radzyn dynasty of Hasidism, comments in<\/span> Mei Ha-Shiloah<\/span><\/a> that this narrative is an example of how a righteous person should \u201chold to his way,\u201d even when others think his behavior is \u201cnonsense\u201d (<\/span>shetut<\/span><\/em>). For whatever a righteous person may do, so long as it is done in holiness and purity for the sake of Heaven, God sees to it that he \u201cgrows stronger\u201d (<\/span>yosif \u2018ometz<\/span><\/em>). Thus, the righteous one who \u201cholds to his way,\u201d even if it seems strange to others, is strengthened rather than weakened.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":94336,"alt":"","title":"job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","width":240,"height":240,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","medium-width":240,"medium-height":240,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","medium_large-width":240,"medium_large-height":240,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","large-width":240,"large-height":240,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","1536x1536-width":240,"1536x1536-height":240,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","2048x2048-width":240,"2048x2048-height":240,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","post_full_size-width":240,"post_full_size-height":240,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","home_baner-width":240,"home_baner-height":240}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"The Righteous One Holds To His Way","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Perspectives from Bible, Midrash, Talmud and Hasidism","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":94336,"alt":"","title":"job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","width":240,"height":240,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","medium-width":240,"medium-height":240,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","medium_large-width":240,"medium_large-height":240,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","large-width":240,"large-height":240,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","1536x1536-width":240,"1536x1536-height":240,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","2048x2048-width":240,"2048x2048-height":240,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","post_full_size-width":240,"post_full_size-height":240,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job17-smiling-face-with-halo-facebook.png","home_baner-width":240,"home_baner-height":240}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"17","chapter_main_number":"765","date":"20280803","wall_id":"765"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":4,"id":"94330","color":"#f6f5de","size":"1","name":"The Horror of Sacrificed Children ","post_title":"The Horror of Sacrificed Children","slug":"the-horror-of-sacrificed-children","old_id":"94330","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":38322,"post_title":"James A. Diamond","slug":"james-a-diamond","old_id":"38322","first_name":"James ","last_name":"Diamond ","description":"Prof. James A. Diamond holds the Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Chair of Jewish Studies at the University of Waterloo. His most recent book is \u201cJewish Theology Unbound\u201d published by Oxford University Press. ","short_description":"Prof. James A. Diamond holds the Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Chair of Jewish Studies at the University of Waterloo.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":38323,"alt":"","title":"James Diamond","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","width":1186,"height":1386,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-257x300.jpg","medium-width":257,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-768x898.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":898,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-876x1024.jpg","large-width":876,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","1536x1536-width":1186,"1536x1536-height":1386,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","2048x2048-width":1186,"2048x2048-height":1386,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-1027x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":1027,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-359x420.jpg","home_baner-width":359,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"765","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Especially when the perpetrator is God Himself\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

Job repudiates his friends\u2019 \u201ccomfort\u201d in this chapter with the following cryptic censure:\u00a0 \u201cyou have set me up as a byword (<\/span>mashal<\/span><\/em>) for peoples, I have become like <\/span>tophet<\/span><\/em> in the face.\u201d (6; or JPS: \u201clike Tophet of old\u201d). Though the subject of Job\u2019s anger here is debatable, I follow Abraham ibn Ezra\u2019s suggestion that it addresses the previous speech of Eliphaz. Job\u2019s claim is that Eliphaz has molded his suffering to accord with some cookie-cutter theology, resorting to clich\u00e9s that turn Job himself into a clich\u00e9. His friends\u2019 theological babble makes a mockery of Job\u2019s legacy, reducing a life epitomized by righteousness, honesty, and devoutness to a popular formulaic refrain that poses his life as a paradigm for deserved suffering. A stock slogan (<\/span>masha<\/span><\/em>l<\/em>) memorializing him as a living endorsement of a retributionist rationale for suffering will eclipse his true life of \u201cinnocence, uprightness, God-fearing, and avoidance of evil\u201d (1:1).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

But what precisely does the term <\/span>tophet<\/span><\/em> mean in the parallel clause of the verse? Though \u201cspit\u201d, drawing on an Aramaic cognate, is the consensus among recent translations (Alter, Greenstein, Scheindlin), major traditional commentators capture a richer acerbic sense by taking it literally as the place designated for child sacrifice mentioned elsewhere in Tanakh (2 Kings 23:10). Since <\/span>Tophet<\/span><\/i> was situated in a valley whose name was later appropriated for \u201chell\u201d (<\/span>Gehinnom<\/span><\/em>), Malbim understands it to mean that Job\u2019s suffering will become emblematic of experiencing hell on earth. Samuel David Luzzatto (Shadal) understands the fire that burned children alive at Tophet as a metaphor for Job\u2019s seething anger burning him up internally as a result of the friends\u2019 deep insult. Job\u2019s sublimation of <\/span>tophet<\/span><\/em> imagery within his consciousness is suggestive: after the deaths of his ten children, it is the image of dying children that reflects Job\u2019s searing emotional pain.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

But the <\/span>Tophet<\/span><\/em> reference resounds even louder. It profoundly deepens the theological implications of the first clause. The byword Job\u2019s precedent evokes horrifyingly entails the sanctioning of child sacrifice whether Job\u2019s suffering is caused by sin, as the friends claim, or whether it is instigated as a test of faith, as is depicted in the opening scene of the book. Children are sacrificed vicariously, through no fault of their own, for the sins of their father, or to prove some point about the father\u2019s piousness.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Job\u2019s <\/span>tophet<\/em> <\/span>allusion then is a double-edged sword lethally sharpened by theological dangers inherent in both accounts. Job\u2019s <\/span>mashal<\/em> <\/span>evinces the specter of God Himself committing child sacrifice. This faith-shattering thought is infinitely magnified in the shadow of the Shoah when the murder of ten children was replicated one hundred and fifty thousand times over!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

After the Shoah, Job\u2019s <\/span>mashal<\/em> <\/span>challenges all who persist in the friends\u2019 theodicy with Irving Greenberg\u2019s cardinal warning for legitimate God-talk: \u201cNo statement, theological or otherwise, should be made that would not be credible in the presence of burning children.\u201d<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":94333,"alt":"","title":"job17-faces children 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Horror of Sacrificed Children","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Especially when the perpetrator is God Himself","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":94333,"alt":"","title":"job17-faces children 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Only In Their Own Eyes ","post_title":"Wise Only In Their Own Eyes","slug":"wise-only-in-their-own-eyes","old_id":"94338","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34243,"post_title":"Moshe Sokolow","slug":"moshe-sokolow","old_id":"34243","first_name":"Moshe","last_name":"Sokolow","description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University, and teaches a weekly class in parashat hashavu`a at Lincoln Square Synagogue. He is the author of TANAKH: An Owner\u2019s Manual (Jerusalem: Urim\/Ktav, 2015).\r\n\r\n","short_description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34244,"alt":"","title":"sokolow","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","width":302,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow-300x298.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":298,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","medium_large-width":302,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","large-width":302,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","1536x1536-width":302,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","2048x2048-width":302,"2048x2048-height":300,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","post_full_size-width":302,"post_full_size-height":300,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","home_baner-width":302,"home_baner-height":300}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"765","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Job's friends seek to put on a pretense of wealth for they are dispensing wisdom to him when their own stock of this commodity is very slender","post_main_content_content":"

Apropos of 14:4<\/span><\/a>, I introduced the commentary of Robert Gordis, who defended the Masoretic text against the claim (cited by Robert Alter) that it was a marginal gloss that had entered the text inadvertently. In doing so again, apropos of 17:5, I am repaying a portion of a personal debt I owe him for the time he spent with me many years ago, enlightening me on a variety of subjects from Bible to Rabbinics and sharing with me some of his personal recollections and experiences.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In the NJPs, the verse reads: \u201cHe informs on his friends for a share [of their property], and his children\u2019s eyes pine away.\u201d Alter translated it as \u201cFor profit he informs on friends, and his sons\u2019 eyes waste away,\u201d noting of the first half of the verse: \u201cThis verset is the first of several in this chapter that are not readily intelligible and probably reflect a glitch in scribal transmission... This translation, like all others, is no more than a guess.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Gordis dismissed the idea that it, too, is a gloss, arguing that it makes no sense to interpolate something unintelligible: \u201cSince the meaning of the verse is obscure, one cannot see what purpose the gloss would have served.\u201d He likewise rejected the notion that the text is corrupt, claiming, instead, that it is \u201cclear idiomatic Hebrew.\u201d His own translation is: \u201cAs men say, \u2018He invites his friends to share his bounty, while the eyes of his own children grow faint with hunger.\u2019\u201d Maintaining that the author of Job widely utilized proverbs and adages (his translation of 14:4 also began \u201cMen say\u201d), he wrote:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This folk saying would seem originally to refer to those who seek to put on a pretense of wealth while they are actually poor. Here it is used metaphorically and effectively\u2014Job's friends are dispensing wisdom to him when their own stock of this commodity is very slender. (182)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Wise Only In Their Own Eyes","tile_main_caption":"Job's friends seek to put on a pretense of wealth for they are dispensing wisdom to him when their own stock of this commodity is very slender","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"17","chapter_main_number":"765","date":"20280803","wall_id":"765"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":6,"id":"94311","color":"#efefef","size":"1","name":"What Is A Tophet? ","post_title":"What Is A Tophet?","slug":"what-is-a-tophet","old_id":"94311","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":78133,"post_title":"Josh Blechner","slug":"josh-blechner","old_id":"78133","first_name":"Josh ","last_name":"Blechner ","description":"Josh first finished the Tanach during Yeshiva in Mevaseret Zion. He and his daughter studied the Tanach again for her bat mitzvah. Josh has taught many classes on Tanach throughout the years and currently in the New Rochelle 929 group. When not studying for 929, Josh works as an in-house lawyer in New Jersey.","short_description":"Josh has taught many classes on Tanach throughout the years and currently in the New Rochelle 929 group, and is an in-house attorney in New Jersey. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":78134,"alt":"","title":"josh blechner","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","width":276,"height":351,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-236x300.jpg","medium-width":236,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","medium_large-width":276,"medium_large-height":351,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","large-width":276,"large-height":351,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","1536x1536-width":276,"1536x1536-height":351,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","2048x2048-width":276,"2048x2048-height":351,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","post_full_size-width":276,"post_full_size-height":351,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","home_baner-width":276,"home_baner-height":351}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"765","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"One possibility: a firepit that has been made both wide and deep\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

\"He made me a byword among people; I have become like the Tophet of old.\" (17:6).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

What is a Tophet?\u00a0 Rashi explains that tophet is similar to <\/span>tof<\/span><\/em>, <\/span><\/i>the Hebrew word for \u201cdrum.\u201d Just like a drum is beaten down, so too Job has been beaten down.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ibn Ezra says it is similar to the Hebrew word for temptation. Job has become a tempting thing for people to stare at.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Finally, Metzudat Zion says the word is in reference to Gehenom, into which people fall who succumb to temptation. He quotes a verse from Isiaiah: \"The Topheth has long been ready for him; He too is destined for Melech\u2014 His firepit has been made both wide and deep, With plenty of fire and firewood, And with the breath of the LORD Burning in it like a stream of sulfur\" (30:33).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":79224,"alt":"","title":"zech3-fire","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-1200x800.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":800,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"What Is A Tophet?","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"One possibility: a firepit that has been made both wide and deep","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":79224,"alt":"","title":"zech3-fire","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-1200x800.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":800,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"17","chapter_main_number":"765","date":"20280803","wall_id":"765"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":7,"id":"94274","color":"#faeed8","size":"1","name":"Hope Has Plunged Into The Realm Of Extinction ","post_title":"Hope Has Plunged Into The Realm Of Extinction","slug":"hope-has-plunged-into-the-realm-of-extinction","old_id":"94274","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":54356,"post_title":"Robert Alter","slug":"robert-alter","old_id":"54356","first_name":"Robert ","last_name":"Alter","description":"Robert Alter is the Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, where he has taught since 1967. He has written over twenty books, focusing on such topics as the European novel from the 18th century to the present, contemporary American fiction, and modern Hebrew literature. He has also written extensively on the literary aspects of the Bible. His most recent work is his monumental three volume translation of the entire Hebrew Bible - The Hebrew Bible, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019 - from which the selections in 929 are taken. ","short_description":"Robert Alter is the Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, and author of the three-volume translation of the entire Hebrew Bible - The Hebrew Bible, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":54357,"alt":"","title":"robert alter","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","width":184,"height":275,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","medium-width":184,"medium-height":275,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","medium_large-width":184,"medium_large-height":275,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","large-width":184,"large-height":275,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","1536x1536-width":184,"1536x1536-height":275,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","2048x2048-width":184,"2048x2048-height":275,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","post_full_size-width":184,"post_full_size-height":275,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","home_baner-width":184,"home_baner-height":275}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"765","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The ultimate down-er\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

17:16 \u201c\u2018Will it go down to the bars of Sheol, altogether in the dust will it plunge.\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Hebrew construct plural term <\/span>badey<\/span><\/em> is obscure in context. Elsewhere, <\/span>bad <\/span><\/em>\u00a0<\/em>is a pole, as in the poles used to carry the sanctuary, so \u201cbars\u201d--perhaps the bars that shut the gates of the underworld--might be appropriate here. This is also the surmise of the Revised Standard Version. The antecedent of \u201cit\u201d is \u201cmy hope\u201d in the previous verse. Since the hope Job had expressed was to go down to Sheol, he may be saying, bitterly, that his hope is nowhere to be seen because it has plunged into the realm of extinction without him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

From: Robert Alter, The Hebrew Bible<\/em>, vol. 3: Writings, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019, ad loc. By permission of the author.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":54890,"alt":"","title":"Alter-Cover","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","width":1200,"height":693,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-300x173.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":173,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-768x444.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":444,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1024x591.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":591,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":693,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":693,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1200x693.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":693,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-727x420.jpg","home_baner-width":727,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"From Robert Alter's Bible Translation and Commentary","tile_main_caption":"Hope Has Plunged Into The Realm Of Extinction","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"The ultimate down-er","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":54890,"alt":"","title":"Alter-Cover","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","width":1200,"height":693,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-300x173.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":173,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-768x444.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":444,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1024x591.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":591,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":693,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":693,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1200x693.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":693,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-727x420.jpg","home_baner-width":727,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"17","chapter_main_number":"765","date":"20280803","wall_id":"765"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":8,"id":"94272","color":"#f7e9e9","size":"1","name":"Points to Ponder - Job Chapter 17 ","post_title":"Points to Ponder - Job Chapter 17","slug":"points-to-ponder-job-chapter-17","old_id":"94272","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":38102,"post_title":"929-English","slug":"929-english","old_id":"38102","first_name":"","last_name":"929-English","description":"","short_description":"","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":38333,"alt":"","title":"\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","width":1513,"height":860,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-300x171.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":171,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-768x437.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":437,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-1024x582.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":582,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","1536x1536-width":1513,"1536x1536-height":860,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","2048x2048-width":1513,"2048x2048-height":860,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-1200x682.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":682,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-739x420.png","home_baner-width":739,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"765","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"

    \r\n\t
  1. Death is in the air<\/em>. \u201cThe graveyard waits for me\u201d (verse 1); \u201cSheol as my home\u201d (13); \u201cWill it descend to Sheol? Shall we go down together to the dust?\u201d (16).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  2. Enlisting public opinion<\/em>. Job sees his very personal, private experience as becoming a public issue, and he\u2019s sure he\u2019s not just somebody to talk about, \u201ca byword among people\u201d (6), but that he should arouse the sense of justice among good folk. \u201cThe upright are amazed at this;\u201d they won\u2019t believe what has happened to me, \u201cThe pure are aroused against the impious,\u201d they will protest the injustice done to me.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  3. Goosebumps<\/em>. Verses 13-14 give the reader goosebumps twice over. The first time is when we read the totally morbid images about home and family. 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    \u201cNekiyut--Cleanliness\u201d<\/a> by Aaron Goldstein: Understanding the distinction between clean, pure, and holy.<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":42232,"alt":"","title":"sefaria-words-sunburst","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","width":608,"height":395,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-300x195.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":195,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","medium_large-width":608,"medium_large-height":395,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","large-width":608,"large-height":395,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","1536x1536-width":608,"1536x1536-height":395,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","2048x2048-width":608,"2048x2048-height":395,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","post_full_size-width":608,"post_full_size-height":395,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","home_baner-width":608,"home_baner-height":395}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Go deeper into the chapter....","tile_main_caption":"Source Sheets - Job 17","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Links to learning resources","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":42232,"alt":"","title":"sefaria-words-sunburst","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","width":608,"height":395,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-300x195.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":195,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","medium_large-width":608,"medium_large-height":395,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","large-width":608,"large-height":395,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","1536x1536-width":608,"1536x1536-height":395,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","2048x2048-width":608,"2048x2048-height":395,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","post_full_size-width":608,"post_full_size-height":395,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","home_baner-width":608,"home_baner-height":395}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"Sefaria word sunburst visualization","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"Job","chapter":"17","chapter_main_number":"765","date":"20280803","wall_id":"765"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false}],"hide_acf":true,"home_image":false,"home_posts":false,"home_posts_title":"","posts_home":[],"static_cube_title":"","static_cube_brief":"","static_cube_color":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall\/93949"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wall"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}