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\u05e4\u05bc\u05b9\u05d4 (\u05d5\u05e8\u05e7 \u05e4\u05d4) \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05d0\u05b6\u05e8\u05b6\u05e5 \u05d7\u05b6\u05de\u05b0\u05d3\u05bc\u05b7\u05ea \u05d0\u05b8\u05d1\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea
\r\n\u05ea\u05bc\u05b4\u05ea\u05b0\u05d2\u05bc\u05b7\u05e9\u05bc\u05c1\u05b5\u05de\u05b0\u05e0\u05b8\u05d4 \u05db\u05bc\u05b8\u05dc \u05d4\u05b7\u05ea\u05bc\u05b4\u05e7\u05b0\u05d5\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea,
\r\n\u05e4\u05bc\u05b9\u05d4 (\u05d5\u05e8\u05e7 \u05e4\u05d4) \u05e0\u05b4\u05d7\u05b0\u05d9\u05b6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05bc\u05e4\u05b9\u05d4 \u05e0\u05b4\u05e6\u05bc\u05b9\u05e8,
\r\n\u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05bc\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d6\u05b9\u05d4\u05b7\u05e8 \u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05bc\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d3\u05bc\u05b0\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8,
\r\n\u05e4\u05bc\u05b9\u05d4 (\u05d5\u05e8\u05e7 \u05e4\u05d4) \u05ea\u05bc\u05b0\u05d4\u05b5\u05d0 \u05d4\u05b7\u05e9\u05bc\u05c1\u05b0\u05db\u05b4\u05d9\u05e0\u05b8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05c1\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4,
\r\n\u05e4\u05bc\u05b9\u05d4 \u05ea\u05bc\u05b4\u05e4\u05b0\u05e8\u05b7\u05d7 \u05d2\u05bc\u05b7\u05dd \u05e9\u05c2\u05b0\u05e4\u05b7\u05ea \u05d4\u05b7\u05ea\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4.<\/p>\r\n

\u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05e7\u05d3\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d4' \u05d0\u05ea \u05e9\u05d9\u05d1\u05ea \u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d3 \u05d1\u05d1\u05d3 \u05e2\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05d7\u05dc\u05d8\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e6\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4. \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e4\u05da \u05d0\u05ea \u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d1\u05d1\u05dc \u05dc\u05e9\u05ea\u05d9 \u05e6\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05e1\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05d6\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d5. \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e6\u05dc\u05d9\u05e3 \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d1\u05dc, \u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05e7\u05e9 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05e0\u05ea\u05e7 \u05de\u05db\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d3\u05e9\u05e0\u05d4, \u05dc\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d7\u05e8 \u05de\u05d3\u05d9.<\/p>\r\n

\u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d4\u05e9\u05ea\u05d3\u05dc \u05dc\u05e2\u05d5\u05e8\u05e8 \u05d5\u05dc\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d1\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2 \u05dc\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05d0\u05da \u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d4\u05dd \u05e1\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d1\u05d5\u05d0. \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d9\u05de\u05d9 \u05e0\u05d1\u05d5\u05d0\u05ea \u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d2\u05dc \u05d4\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d0, \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e0\u05d7\u05de\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e2\u05d6\u05e8\u05d0, \u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e4\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e9\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e0\u05d4. \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d4 \u05ea\u05e7\u05d5\u05e4\u05d4 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e8\u05d7\u05e9\u05d4 \u05db\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05d4\u05e9\u05d5\u05d0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d9\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d1\u05dc \u05d5\u05e4\u05e8\u05e1 \u05d1\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05df \u05d1\u05df \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05ea\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d2\u05d2\u05d9. \u05db\u05d5\u05d0\u05d1 \u05dc\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e2\u05dd \u05de\u05d3\u05d5\u05e9\u05df \u05e2\u05d5\u05e0\u05d2 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e9\u05e7\u05d8 \u05de\u05d3\u05d5\u05de\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d0\u05d3\u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d5. \u05d1\u05d0\u05d7\u05ea \u05de\u05d0\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05dc\u05de\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e8\u05d5\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05db\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e8 \u05d7\u05e0\u05d4 \u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d3\u05d5\u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d6\u05d5 (\u05d1\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d1\u05d0 \u05d1\u05ea\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e2\u05d2, \u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d2\u05dd)<\/p>\r\n

\u05d5\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e8 \u05d7\u05e0\u05d4:
\r\n\u05e4\u05e2\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05ea, \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4,
\r\n\u05e8\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d3\u05d2 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d3
\r\n\u05e9\u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05d1\u05e5 \u05d7\u05d5\u05dc \u05e2\u05dc \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5,
\r\n\u05d5\u05e6\u05de\u05d7\u05d5 \u05e2\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05dc.
\r\n\u05e1\u05d1\u05e8\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d4\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4 (\u05d4\u05d3\u05d2 \u05e9\u05e2\u05dc \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05e2\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd) \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d1\u05e9\u05d4 (\u05d0\u05d7\u05d3 \u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d9\u05dd),
\r\n\u05d5\u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05e9\u05dc\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5,
\r\n\u05d5\u05db\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05de\u05dd \u05d2\u05d1\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d3\u05d2,
\r\n\u05d4\u05ea\u05d4\u05e4\u05da (\u05d4\u05d3\u05d2 \u05d5\u05db\u05dc \u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e2\u05dc \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d3\u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e0\u05d5 \u05db\u05d9\u05d1\u05e9\u05d4), \u05d5\u05e0\u05e4\u05dc\u05e0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05dd.
\r\n\u05d5\u05d0\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05e0\u05ea\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e7\u05e8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4
\r\n\u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\r\n

2500 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05db\u20131700 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e8\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e8 \u05d7\u05e0\u05d4, \u05d0\u05e0\u05d7\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05d9\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05d2\u05d5\u05e9\u05e9 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05d0\u05dc\u05ea \u05d9\u05d7\u05e1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05ea\u05e4\u05d5\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea. \u05d4\u05e9\u05d9\u05d7 \u05d4\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d0 \u05dc\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05e8\u05db\u05d6 \u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05db\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d4 \u05db\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc \u05dc\u05d3\u05d4\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05de\u05e0\u05d2\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea. \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05d7 \u05dc\u05d7\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05e0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d1\u05dc \u05e2\u05dd \u05d3\u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d4\u05d7\u05d6\u05d9\u05e7 \u05d1\u05d6\u05d4\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4. \u05e9\u05d0\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05dc\u05d5\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05d6\u05e6\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d9\u05d7\u05e1 \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d7\u05dc\u05e7\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd, \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d7\u05d3 \u05de\u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d7\u05ea\u05d5\u05db\u05d4 \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05e4\u05e2\u05dd. \u05d5\u05e2\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05de\u05d4\u05d3\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e2\u05d5\u05e6\u05de\u05ea\u05df, \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05ea\u05df \u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e4\u05d4 \u05ea\u05d4\u05d0 \u05d4\u05e9\u05db\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e9\u05e8\u05e7 \u05e4\u05d4 \u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e9\u05e4\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d1\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05de\u05d4.<\/p>\r\n

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\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05e1\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05d3\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd (\u05e4\u05e1\u05d5\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05d6-\u05d9\u05d6) -<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1 \u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d7\u05e1 \u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d7\u05d3 \u05de\u05db\u05ea\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d3\u05d9\u05d0\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d6\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5 \u05de\u05ea\u05db\u05e0\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05d7\u05d3 \u05db\u05dc \u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05d1\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea\u05d0, \u05e9\u05db\u05df \u05dc\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea-\u05e9\u05d1\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea-\u05e9\u05d1\u05e2\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05dc\u05d1\u05d3. \u05d4\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd, \u05e2\u05dc \u05e4\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d4 \u05d6\u05d5, \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e6\u05d5\u05d4\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d3\u05e8\u05db\u05d5 \u05e0\u05d9\u05d1\u05d8\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05d3\u05ea \u05de\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8 \u05dc\u05de\u05e1\u05da \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea, \u05de\u05d9\u05e6\u05d2\u05d9-\u05d4\u05e9\u05d5\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05ea\u05e2\u05ea\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05ea\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea. \u05d4\u05e8\u05e2\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05e4\u05ea\u05d7 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d1\u05e0\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d1\u05d5\u05d0\u05d4. \u05d4\u05e0\u05d1\u05d5\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9 \u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05de\u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05e0\u05e9\u05d2\u05d1, \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e8\u05e7 \u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05e4\u05e1\u05d8 \u05ea\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9, \u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea\u05d9. \u05d6\u05d4\u05d5 \u05e1\u05d5\u05d3 \u05db\u05d5\u05d7\u05d4, \u05d5\u05dc\u05db\u05df \u05d0\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e2\u05d5\u05e1\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u05e2\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd, \u05d4\u05e8\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05ea\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05de\u05e6\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2\u05d4, \u05d7\u05dc\u05e4\u05d4 \u05db\u05d1\u05e8 \u05de\u05d6\u05de\u05df \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u05de\u05e2\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05d8\u05e7\u05e1\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e0\u05d1\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d1\u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05de\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05de\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4\u05e7\u05ea \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05de\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05e8\u05d4\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05ea\u05d7 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4:
\r\n<\/span>\u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05d9\u05d5\u05b9\u05dd \u05e2\u05b6\u05e9\u05c2\u05b0\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05b0\u05d0\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d1\u05bc\u05b8\u05e2\u05b8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05e9\u05c1\u05b0\u05ea\u05bc\u05b5\u05d9 \u05e2\u05b8\u05e9\u05c2\u05b8\u05e8 \u05d7\u05b9\u05d3\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1, \u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05d7\u05b9\u05d3\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 \u05e9\u05c1\u05b0\u05d1\u05b8\u05d8, \u05d1\u05bc\u05b4\u05e9\u05c1\u05b0\u05e0\u05b7\u05ea \u05e9\u05c1\u05b0\u05ea\u05bc\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05dd \u05dc\u05b0\u05d3\u05b8\u05e8\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05d5\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d4\u05b8\u05d9\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d3\u05b0\u05d1\u05b7\u05e8 \u05d4' \u05d0\u05b6\u05dc \u05d6\u05b0\u05db\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b6\u05df \u05d1\u05bc\u05b6\u05e8\u05b6\u05db\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc, \u05d1\u05bc\u05b6\u05df \u05e2\u05b4\u05d3\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05d0 \u05d4\u05b7\u05e0\u05bc\u05b8\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u05d0, \u05dc\u05b5\u05d0\u05de\u05b9\u05e8. \u05e8\u05b8\u05d0\u05b4\u05d9\u05ea\u05b4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05b7\u05dc\u05bc\u05b7\u05d9\u05b0\u05dc\u05b8\u05d4, \u05d5\u05b0\u05d4\u05b4\u05e0\u05bc\u05b5\u05d4 \u05d0\u05b4\u05d9\u05e9\u05c1 \u05e8\u05b9\u05db\u05b5\u05d1 \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc \u05e1\u05d5\u05bc\u05e1 \u05d0\u05b8\u05d3\u05b9\u05dd, \u05d5\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d0 \u05e2\u05b9\u05de\u05b5\u05d3 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b5\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05b7\u05d4\u05b2\u05d3\u05b7\u05e1\u05bc\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05c1\u05b6\u05e8 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b7\u05de\u05bc\u05b0\u05e6\u05bb\u05dc\u05b8\u05d4; \u05d5\u05b0\u05d0\u05b7\u05d7\u05b2\u05e8\u05b8\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e1\u05d5\u05bc\u05e1\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05b2\u05d3\u05bb\u05de\u05bc\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e9\u05c2\u05b0\u05e8\u05bb\u05e7\u05bc\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05bc\u05dc\u05b0\u05d1\u05b8\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd (\u05d6-\u05d7).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05e1\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05de\u05db\u05e9\u05e3 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d3\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d9, \u05d4\u05d5\u05d5\u05d9\u05d6\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05d6\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05de\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05d0\u05e8\u05ea \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5, \u05e0\u05d0\u05d7\u05d6\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d6\u05d9\u05df \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05df \u05de\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05de\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05dc\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd. \u05d4\u05d4\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05e1\u05e8 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9-\u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9-\u05d0\u05ea\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e0\u05d1\u05d5\u05d0\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0\u05ea \u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05d1\u05d4 \u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05e8\u05e7 \u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d7\u05e8 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8, \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d3\u05e3 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9, \u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05d7\u05e7. \u05e0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d3\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e0\u05e4\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05d2\u05d5\u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9 \u05d5\u05de\u05d7\u05de\u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05d8\u05e8\u05ea\u05dd. \u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8 \u05db\u05d5\u05d7\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d3\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d1\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d1\u05db\u05da \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e4\u05e8\u05e9 \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05de\u05d3\u05d9, \u05d0\u05d9\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d3\u05d9.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u05e4\u05e8\u05d8 \u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05e9\u05de\u05ea\u05d2\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d8\u05e7\u05e1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05dc \u05e9\u05dc \u05d6\u05d4\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd. \u05dc\u05db\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4, \u05d9\u05e9 \u05db\u05d0\u05df \u05ea\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05e0\u05d1\u05d5\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d7\u05dc\u05dd \u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5, \u05d0\u05d1\u05dc \u05e2\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05d7\u05d5\u05d3\u05e9 \u05d1\u05e4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d7\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05e1\u05e7\u05d4 \u05de\u05e6\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d0\u05dc \u05d1\u05db\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5, \u05d4\u05de\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8 \u05db\u05d1\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05e0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d0 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d5, \u05d4\u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05dc\u05d5\u05d4\u05d9, \u05dc\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e4\u05e8\u05e9 \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5 \u05d3\u05e8\u05da \u05d3\u05de\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d4\u05de\u05e1\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e9 \u05d4\u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05d1 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05e1\u05d5\u05e1 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d3\u05d5\u05dd, \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05d3 \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05d4\u05d3\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4. \u05d9\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc, \u05d0\u05d9\u05de\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05e7\u05e5.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\"\u05d5\u05b8\u05d0\u05b7\u05e2\u05b7\u05df \u05d5\u05b8\u05d0\u05b9\u05de\u05b7\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u05b8\u05d9\u05d5: \u05de\u05b7\u05d4 \u05e9\u05bc\u05c1\u05b0\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d4\u05b7\u05d6\u05bc\u05b5\u05d9\u05ea\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05b8\u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u05bc\u05b6\u05d4 \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc \u05d9\u05b0\u05de\u05b4\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05b7\u05de\u05bc\u05b0\u05e0\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d5\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc-\u05e9\u05c2\u05b0\u05de\u05b9\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05b8\u05d4\u05bc?\" (\u05e4\u05e1' \u05d9\u05d0).<\/span>
\r\n<\/b><\/p>\r\n

\u05d4\u05e4\u05e1\u05d5\u05e7 \u05de\u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05dc\u05e7\u05d7 \u05de\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d8\u05d5\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \"\u05d5\u05e2\u05d3\u05ea \u05d4\u05e1\u05de\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05d3\u05d2\u05dc\" \u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05e2\u05ea\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05ea\u05e9\u05e2\u05d4 \u05d7\u05d5\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d4\u05e7\u05de\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e2\u05d3 \u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05d4\u05d7\u05dc\u05d8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e1\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e0\u05d5\u05d2\u05e2 \u05dc\u05e1\u05de\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05ea\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05db\u05e8\u05ea \u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05d3\u05e9 \u05e4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05d0\u05e8 1949. \u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05dd \u05d3\u05d2\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e0\u05dc\u05e7\u05d7 \u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d5\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05e7\u05d3\u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e7\u05de\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4, \u05d0\u05da \u05d4\u05e1\u05de\u05dc, \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05db\u05d1 \u05de\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e7\u05d3\u05e9, \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \"\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc\", \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e7\u05e8\u05d1 \u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d6\u05de\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05de\u05d5\u05e9\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d3\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05e6\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e0\u05d5\u05e7\u05d1.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u05d4\u05d0\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05e1\u05de\u05dc \u05dc\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9? \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05dc\u05e8\u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e4\u05e1\u05d9\u05e4\u05e1 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05db\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc? \u05d9\u05e9 \u05e9\u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e1\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05e9\u05e2\u05e8 \u05d8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d5\u05e1 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05de\u05d0, \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05db\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e2\u05dd \u05e9\u05d1 \u05dc\u05d0\u05e8\u05e6\u05d5 \u05de\u05d2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05e8\u05e9\u05e2\u05d4; \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e8\u05d0\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d4 \u05d4\u05db\u05e8\u05d6\u05d4 \u05db\u05d9 \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05ea \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc, \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d4, \u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05e7\u05e8\u05d8\u05d9\u05ea.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u05de\u05db\u05dc \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd, \u05d4\u05d4\u05d1\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e4\u05ea \u05dc\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05d0 \u05e9\u05e1\u05de\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05d4\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05d7\u05d9\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d1\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05d6\u05d0\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05ea\u05e7\u05d5\u05e4\u05d5\u05ea \u05e8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4, \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d8\u05d5\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d5\u05d5\u05e2\u05d3\u05d4 \u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05ea\u05e4\u05e1\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d9\u05ea \u05db\u05d7\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d5\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05e4\u05e8\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d4\u05de\u05d1\u05e1\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d9\u05d3\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea; \u05e2\u05e0\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d9\u05ea, \u05dc\u05ea\u05e4\u05d9\u05e1\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e2\u05e6\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d5\u05e2\u05d3\u05d4, \u05e6\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e2\u05e8\u05da \u05d4\u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05dd. \u05d0\u05da \u05dc\u05de\u05e2\u05e9\u05d4, \u05d3\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05d9 \u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05dc\u05d1 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05db\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d1\u05e4\u05e8\u05e7\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d6\u05d4: \u05d4\u05e0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d0 \u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05db\u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05d5 \u05e2\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05e9\u05d1\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9, \u05d5\u05e1\u05d1\u05d9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e0\u05d9\u05d7 \u05e9\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d9\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05de\u05e1\u05d1\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d9\u05e4\u05e7\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05df \u05dc\u05d2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9 \u05d4\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4. \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e2\u05e0\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d9\u05ea \u05e1\u05d9\u05de\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d9\u05e6\u05d4\u05e8, \u05e9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd - \u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05d7\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9, \u05d4\u05d3\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9, \u05e9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e7\u05d5\u05de\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

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Among the mnay <\/span>mitzvot<\/span><\/i> listed here, there are two about which the Torah says \u201cyou must not remain indifferent\u201d or \u201cdo not ignore it\u201d (Deut. 22:3, 4). Why in these particular cases does the Torah stress that one must not hide (<\/span>hit\u2019alem<\/span><\/em>) and note specifically that one must always be aware of one\u2019s surroundings and not overlook incidents encountered during the course of daily life?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The first time this phrase appears is in connection with the law regarding the restoration of lost property: \u201cIf you see your fellow\u2018s ox or sheep gone astray do not ignore it; you must take it back to your fellow. If your fellow does not live near you or you do not know who he is you shall bring it home\u2026\u201d (Deut. 22:1\u20132). One is commanded not only to make an effort to restore lost property to its owner, but also to be responsible for the animal until it can be returned. The second time the phrase is used concerns the aid a man must extend to his fellow\u2019s animal should it be in distress: \u201cIf you see your fellow\u2019s ass or ox fallen on the road do not ignore it; you must help him raise it\u201d (Deut. 22:4). In both laws the Torah obligates one not to look the other way, but to render whatever assistance is necessary.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In both of these cases, the Torah is referring specifically to a caring attitude toward animals. However, the emphasis on the fact that these animals belong to \u201cyour fellow,\u201d using the Hebrew word \u201cyour brother,\u201d a phrase that appears six times in this context, gives us to understand that the thrust of both of these laws reflects a major principle of social education: One must look beyond oneself so as to be cognizant of and sensitive to one\u2019s surroundings, countering the natural human tendency to avoid becoming involved with others and the inclination to concern oneself only with one\u2019s immediate family.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Avner Moriah\u2019s painting illustrates the law referring to the help that one must render when a fellow\u2019s animal has collapsed and is lying in the road. The picture is divided into two registers. In both we see a bearded man clad in a striped gown. At the top the man is turned toward an ass that has fallen to the ground while carrying what is clearly a heavy burden. The ass is looking up and its mouth is open in an apparent cry of distress, an image that accents the seriousness and urgency of the animal\u2019s situation, which must not be ignored. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

The lower register shows the same man and the same ass, but here the man is walking ahead, having unburdened his fellow\u2019s animal by taking the heavy load on his own back, so that the ass was able to get back on its feet. The obligation not to remain indifferent, illustrated by concern for another man\u2019s animal, is the beginning of an awareness that is to evolve into a strong communal desire for a social order based on \u201clove your fellow as yourself\u201d (Lev. 19:18).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Artwork by: Avner Moriah, by courtesy of the artist<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Text by: Dr. Shulamit Laderman, PhD in Art History, publications on Jewish and Christian influences on biblical interpretive illustration.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

For the entire weekly portion series, please visit:<\/span> https:\/\/avnermoriahprints.com\/collections\/parasha<\/span><\/a><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":51313,"alt":"","title":"49 Ki tetse","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse.jpg","width":2001,"height":2500,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse-240x300.jpg","medium-width":240,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse-768x960.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":960,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse-820x1024.jpg","large-width":820,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse.jpg","1536x1536-width":1229,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse.jpg","2048x2048-width":1639,"2048x2048-height":2048,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse-960x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":960,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse-336x420.jpg","home_baner-width":336,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Ki Tetse\u2019: Be Aware, Be Very Aware","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"The key to loving your neighbor, and other animals","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":51313,"alt":"","title":"49 Ki tetse","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse.jpg","width":2001,"height":2500,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse-240x300.jpg","medium-width":240,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse-768x960.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":960,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse-820x1024.jpg","large-width":820,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse.jpg","1536x1536-width":1229,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse.jpg","2048x2048-width":1639,"2048x2048-height":2048,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse-960x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":960,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/49-Ki-tetse-336x420.jpg","home_baner-width":336,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Deuteronomy","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"175","date":"20260430","wall_id":"175"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"368","name":"Parasha","old_id":"768"},{"term_id":"369","name":"Visual Arts","old_id":"769"}]},{"order":2,"id":"79552","color":"#f7f7f5","size":"1","name":"Ki Teitse - Does Love Conquer All?","post_title":"Ki Teitse - Does Love Conquer All?","slug":"ki-teitse","old_id":"79552","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":42813,"post_title":"Covenant & Conversation","slug":"covenant-conversation","old_id":"42813","first_name":"","last_name":"Covenant & Conversation","description":"Covenant & Conversation: Family Edition is a new and exciting initiative from The Office of Rabbi Jonathan Sacks. 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In this week\u2019s parsha Moses continues his speech, preparing the Israelites for living an independent life in the Land of Israel. He gets into the real details of the covenant between Israel and God. Ki Teitse contains seventy-four commands, which is more than any other parsha in the Torah. These include laws about family relations, moral and legal obligations towards neighbours and fellow citizens, moral behaviour in relation to financial matters, and other rules of social responsibility.<\/p>\r\n

The parsha ends with the command to always remember Amalek, Israel's archenemy, and the Torah\u2019s classic example of a group of people who act in hatred and cruelty.<\/p>\r\n

Download the Family Edition for Ki Teitse as a PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Family Study Materials","tile_main_caption":"Does Love Conquer All?","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"for Parashat Ki Teitse","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":42816,"alt":"","title":"covenant and conversation - 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Shira Hecht-Koller and others","post_main_content_content":"

Go here for the amazingly rich program<\/a>, and here to register -\u00a0\u00a0<\/a>Don't miss it!<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":79060,"alt":"","title":"zech-yemei iyyun","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun.jpg","width":1200,"height":1600,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun-225x300.jpg","medium-width":225,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun-768x1024.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun-768x1024.jpg","large-width":768,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun.jpg","1536x1536-width":1152,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":1600,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun-900x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":900,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun-315x420.jpg","home_baner-width":315,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Details inside...","tile_main_caption":"929 At Yemei Iyun On Bible And Jewish Thought","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Join Shira Hecht-Koller and others","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":79060,"alt":"","title":"zech-yemei iyyun","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun.jpg","width":1200,"height":1600,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun-225x300.jpg","medium-width":225,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun-768x1024.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun-768x1024.jpg","large-width":768,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun.jpg","1536x1536-width":1152,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":1600,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun-900x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":900,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech-yemei-iyyun-315x420.jpg","home_baner-width":315,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Zechariah","chapter":"1","chapter_main_number":"551","date":"20271010","wall_id":"551"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":4,"id":"79076","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Zechariah\u2019s Equine Vision Of Consolation ","post_title":"Zechariah\u2019s Equine Vision Of Consolation","slug":"zechariahs-equine-vision-of-consolation","old_id":"79076","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":73524,"post_title":"Yaakov Beasley","slug":"yaakov-beasley","old_id":"73524","first_name":"Yaakov ","last_name":"Beasley ","description":"Yaakov Beasley is the Tanakh Coordinator at Yeshivat Hesder Lev haTorah, the host of the TanachTalks podcast, and the author of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: Lights in the Valley (Maggid Press, 2020). ","short_description":"Yaakov Beasley is the Tanakh Coordinator at Yeshivat Hesder Lev haTorah, podcast host and author. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":73525,"alt":"","title":"yaakov beasley","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","width":409,"height":484,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley-254x300.jpg","medium-width":254,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","medium_large-width":409,"medium_large-height":484,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","large-width":409,"large-height":484,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","1536x1536-width":409,"1536x1536-height":484,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","2048x2048-width":409,"2048x2048-height":484,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","post_full_size-width":409,"post_full_size-height":484,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley-355x420.jpg","home_baner-width":355,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"551","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Cryptic but comforting\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

Zechariah begins what appears a new form of prophetic literature. The first six chapters contain thirteen separate revelations, cryptic visions that Zechariah himself was often unable to interpret, requiring an angel's assistance.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Rashi begins his commentary thus:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Zechariah is extremely enigmatic, because it contains visions resembling a dream that requires an interpretation. We cannot ascertain the truth of its interpretation until the teacher of righteousness (Messiah) comes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The next two chapters deal with the question of mourning over history against the joy of the present rebuilding, and the final six chapters are so mystical that most commentators despair of attempting to decipher them.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Commentators attempt to understand why God would provide Zechariah with such difficult messages, and the value of his attempts to understand them. According to <\/span>Ibn Ezra, before the destruction of the Temple in 586 BCE, due to the closeness between the Divine Presence and the Jewish people, the prophecies were generally explicit, but as exile approached and the distance between God and His people grew, the clarity of the prophecies blurred, requiring interpretation. As Zechariah began to prophesy along with Haggai in 520-519 BCE, near the beginning of the second Temple, the distance remained, creating the challenge of understanding and interpretation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Unlike the period of the First Temple, the role of the prophet was lessened, and the people had to make a greater effort to ascertain God's will. This is reflected in Zechariah\u2019s own struggles to understand his visions.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The book of Ezra (5:1-2) describes how Zechariah and Haggai prophesied together, and how they were successful in inspiring the people to overcome their hesitations and rebuild the Temple: <\/span>\u201cThen the prophets Haggai and Zechariah the son of Iddo, prophesied to the Jews\u2026 to build the house of God which is in Jerusalem; and the prophets of God were with them, helping them\u201d (Ezra 5:1-2).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Zechariah has a vision of four horsemen. In his style of connecting prophecies to historical events, Abrabanel attempts to identify them as Alexander's four generals who divided the known world after his death. However, most identify the horsemen as representative of the Persian Empire, whose control over the Middle East was enabled by its army of horse messengers (see Megillat Esther). They report that they have scouted the earth, and all is peaceful except for Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, which have been left plundered for seventy years. Angry over the state of His city, God offers words of consolation, promising that he has chosen to return to Jerusalem, build His house, and bring prosperity and comfort to his cities.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

One can imagine what these words meant to Zechariah's listeners, spoken to people who had left behind relative prosperity to return to Israel with all its hardships and tribulations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Image: shutterstock_84797929<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":79077,"alt":"","title":"zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929.jpg","width":621,"height":450,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929-300x217.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":217,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929.jpg","medium_large-width":621,"medium_large-height":450,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929.jpg","large-width":621,"large-height":450,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929.jpg","1536x1536-width":621,"1536x1536-height":450,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929.jpg","2048x2048-width":621,"2048x2048-height":450,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929.jpg","post_full_size-width":621,"post_full_size-height":450,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929-580x420.jpg","home_baner-width":580,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Zechariah\u2019s Equine Vision Of Consolation","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Cryptic but comforting","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":79077,"alt":"","title":"zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929.jpg","width":621,"height":450,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929-300x217.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":217,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929.jpg","medium_large-width":621,"medium_large-height":450,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929.jpg","large-width":621,"large-height":450,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929.jpg","1536x1536-width":621,"1536x1536-height":450,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929.jpg","2048x2048-width":621,"2048x2048-height":450,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929.jpg","post_full_size-width":621,"post_full_size-height":450,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-horses-shutterstock_84797929-580x420.jpg","home_baner-width":580,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Zechariah","chapter":"1","chapter_main_number":"551","date":"20271010","wall_id":"551"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":5,"id":"79073","color":"#f6f5de","size":"1","name":"Opaque Visions ","post_title":"Opaque Visions","slug":"opaque-visions","old_id":"79073","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34243,"post_title":"Moshe Sokolow","slug":"moshe-sokolow","old_id":"34243","first_name":"Moshe","last_name":"Sokolow","description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University, and teaches a weekly class in parashat hashavu`a at Lincoln Square Synagogue. He is the author of TANAKH: An Owner\u2019s Manual (Jerusalem: Urim\/Ktav, 2015).\r\n\r\n","short_description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34244,"alt":"","title":"sokolow","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","width":302,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow-300x298.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":298,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","medium_large-width":302,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","large-width":302,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","1536x1536-width":302,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","2048x2048-width":302,"2048x2048-height":300,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","post_full_size-width":302,"post_full_size-height":300,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","home_baner-width":302,"home_baner-height":300}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"551","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"And we are groping like the blind\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

Zechariah\u2019s prophecy, which is dated to \u201cthe eighth month of the second year of the reign of Darius\u201d (1), began shortly after that of Haggai, which is dated to the sixth month (1:1) and seventh month (2:1) of that same year.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Rashi\u2014uncharacteristically\u2014has a quasi-introduction to his commentary on this book, saying: \u201cThe prophecy of Zechariah is very opaque (<\/span>satum<\/span><\/em>) because it contains visions that resemble dreams that invite interpretation, but we are unable to verify their interpretations until the coming of the Righteous Teacher,\u201d meaning the Messiah. Instead, Rashi made the following commitment: \u201cTo the best of my ability, I will attempt to settle the verses, one by one, based on the seemliest interpretations as well as on the interpretations of [the Aramaic Targum of] Yonatan.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ibn Ezra, likewise, was struck by the opacity of many of Zechariah\u2019s prophecies, writing:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

There are many degrees of prophecy and there is no way to enumerate them because there is no uniformity among the souls that were eligible to receive the Holy Spirit and prophecy. While the [divine] glory accompanied Israel prior to the exile, there was no need to interpret prophecies, such as: \u201cA son will be born to the House of David, named Josiah\u201d (1 Kings 13:2); it was self-explanatory. After the exile, they were visions that required interpretation\u2014like the visions of Daniel, which were it not for the interpretation of the angel would have been unintelligible even to Daniel himself, let alone to others. <\/span>
\r\n<\/span>Such are the visions of Zechariah. Those nocturnal visions that were explained by the angelic interlocutor (1:9) are understood; those that he did not explain remain opaque (<\/span>satum<\/span><\/em>) and are obscured from rationalists (<\/span>maskilim<\/span><\/em>).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Here, Ibn Ezra made a bold statement about the importance of historical context, adding:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Were we to discover an ancient book that reported what events transpired in those days\u2014such as battles\u2014we would still be groping like the blind to suggest that perhaps that is what this prophecy alluded to. Now, however, we have no such thing to rely on.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":79074,"alt":"","title":"zech1-blindfolded","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded.png","width":1095,"height":1920,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded-171x300.png","medium-width":171,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded-584x1024.png","medium_large-width":584,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded-584x1024.png","large-width":584,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded.png","1536x1536-width":876,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded.png","2048x2048-width":1095,"2048x2048-height":1920,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded-684x1200.png","post_full_size-width":684,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded-240x420.png","home_baner-width":240,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Opaque Visions","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"And we are groping like the blind","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":79074,"alt":"","title":"zech1-blindfolded","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded.png","width":1095,"height":1920,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded-171x300.png","medium-width":171,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded-584x1024.png","medium_large-width":584,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded-584x1024.png","large-width":584,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded.png","1536x1536-width":876,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded.png","2048x2048-width":1095,"2048x2048-height":1920,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded-684x1200.png","post_full_size-width":684,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech1-blindfolded-240x420.png","home_baner-width":240,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Zechariah","chapter":"1","chapter_main_number":"551","date":"20271010","wall_id":"551"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":6,"id":"79079","color":"#efefef","size":"1","name":"The Beginning Of The End: What Filled The Void Of Prophecy? ","post_title":"The Beginning Of The End: What Filled The Void Of Prophecy?","slug":"the-beginning-of-the-end-what-filled-the-void-of-prophecy","old_id":"79079","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":46656,"post_title":"Molly Morris","slug":"molly-morris","old_id":"46656","first_name":"Molly ","last_name":"Morris ","description":"Molly Morris holds a Masters degree in Leadership and Community Engagement. Her particular area of interest is biblical leadership. Molly participates in the 929 initiative with a dedicated group from the Beth Avraham Yoseph of Toronto congregation. \r\n\r\n","short_description":"Molly Morris holds a Masters degree in Leadership and Community Engagement. Molly participates in the 929 initiative with a dedicated group from the Beth Avraham Yoseph of Toronto congregation. \r\n\r\n","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":92561,"alt":"","title":"molly morris","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris.jpg","width":2192,"height":2488,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-264x300.jpg","medium-width":264,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-768x872.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":872,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-902x1024.jpg","large-width":902,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris.jpg","1536x1536-width":1353,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris.jpg","2048x2048-width":1804,"2048x2048-height":2048,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-1057x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":1057,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-370x420.jpg","home_baner-width":370,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"551","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Study and prayer, and a new beginning","post_main_content_content":"

Our sages understand one of the opening phrases of Zechariah, \u201cAnd as for the prophets, could they live forever (1:5)?\u201d to be a subtle message about the impending cessation of prophecy. The Talmud tells us that with the death of Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi the spirit of prophecy departed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

What changed for the Jewish nation, and what filled the void of prophecy?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

One significant alteration in the Jewish reality was the removal of the persistent pull of idolatry during the Second Temple era. The 12<\/span>th<\/span> century mystic R. Yehuda HaHasid explained prophecy as a counterbalance to idolatry. In the spirit of that understanding, but from the opposite direction, R. Eliyahu Dessler, in <\/span>Michtav m\u2019Eliyahu<\/span><\/em>, suggested that once the urge for idolatry declined, prophecy would have too much power if left unchecked.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

During the period of prophecy, the Jewish people were privileged to be the beneficiaries of open miracles \u2013 those acts of God that were unequivocally, well\u2026acts of God! From the day the sun stood still (Joshua 10:12) to the miracle of oil during the Second Temple era, open miracles abounded. But as the era of prophecy waned, so too did the occurrence of such open miracles. With the diminishing capacity of prophecy to guide the people and the loss of the abundance of open miracles to influence them, an opportunity to mature into a closer relationship with God on their own accord was presented.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Perhaps, then, it is no coincidence that the end of the Second Temple era and the cessation of prophecy heralded the beginning of the codification of the Oral Law. According to R. Zadok HaKohen of Lublin (Sefer Olam Rabbah 30), <\/span>the development of the Oral Law would have been impossible had the people continued to turn to the prophets for knowledge of God\u2019s will.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

As well as the shifting paradigm of religious expression from prophecy to the study and understanding of the Oral Law, Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik, in <\/span>The Lonely Man of Faith<\/span><\/em>, saw the decline of prophecy as the catalyst to the rise of prayer. Prayer, says Soloveitchik, was the new realization of the Jewish people\u2019s conversation with God. \u201c<\/span>If God had stopped calling man, they urged, let man call God. And so, the covenantal colloquy was shifted from the level of prophecy to that of prayer.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

One version of the ideal state, we are taught, will entail a combination of our reasoned, deliberate connection to God, with<\/span> the revival of prophecy and open miracles in the Messianic era.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":51741,"alt":"","title":"dt27-two-torahs","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","width":279,"height":196,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","medium-width":279,"medium-height":196,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","medium_large-width":279,"medium_large-height":196,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","large-width":279,"large-height":196,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","1536x1536-width":279,"1536x1536-height":196,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","2048x2048-width":279,"2048x2048-height":196,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","post_full_size-width":279,"post_full_size-height":196,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","home_baner-width":279,"home_baner-height":196}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"The Beginning Of The End: What Filled The Void Of Prophecy?","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Study and prayer, and a new beginning","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":51741,"alt":"","title":"dt27-two-torahs","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","width":279,"height":196,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","medium-width":279,"medium-height":196,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","medium_large-width":279,"medium_large-height":196,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","large-width":279,"large-height":196,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","1536x1536-width":279,"1536x1536-height":196,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","2048x2048-width":279,"2048x2048-height":196,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","post_full_size-width":279,"post_full_size-height":196,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-two-torahs.jpg","home_baner-width":279,"home_baner-height":196}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Zechariah","chapter":"1","chapter_main_number":"551","date":"20271010","wall_id":"551"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":7,"id":"79068","color":"#f2e9df","size":"1","name":"A Plumb Line Of Rebuilding ","post_title":"A Plumb Line Of Rebuilding","slug":"a-plumb-line-of-rebuilding","old_id":"79068","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":78133,"post_title":"Josh Blechner","slug":"josh-blechner","old_id":"78133","first_name":"Josh ","last_name":"Blechner ","description":"Josh first finished the Tanach during Yeshiva in Mevaseret Zion. 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","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":78134,"alt":"","title":"josh blechner","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","width":276,"height":351,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-236x300.jpg","medium-width":236,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","medium_large-width":276,"medium_large-height":351,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","large-width":276,"large-height":351,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","1536x1536-width":276,"1536x1536-height":351,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","2048x2048-width":276,"2048x2048-height":351,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","post_full_size-width":276,"post_full_size-height":351,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","home_baner-width":276,"home_baner-height":351}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"551","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"What came down, must go back up\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

The end of the first chapter of Zechariah describes an interaction between the prophet and an angel. The angel describes the return to Jerusalem and the rebuilding of the Temple. The angel proclaims that God is returning to Jerusalem. Verse 16 \"therefore says God I have returned to Jerusalem with mercy and my house will be rebuilt in it, and a plumb line will be stretched over it.\"\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In this emotional call to return to Jerusalem, there is this odd reference to a plumb line. One might expect trumpets and shofar blasts! What is this plumb line? A plumb line is a special measurement tool, mostly used to measure straight vertical lines. This is not the first time in the Twelve Prophets that we see an angel of God using a measuring tool. Back in Amos chapter 7, an angel appears to the prophet and carries a plumb line in its hand. There the angel is measuring the walls of Israel in order to measure the amount of destruction that will be unleashed against Israel.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Now, centuries later, the prophet uses this very same image- an angel of God holding a plumb line. Only this time, the plumb line is not being used to measure destruction. Instead the plumb line is being used to measure the rebuilding of the nation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Image: \"The Plumb Line and the City\" by Clark Fitzgerald, 2010 \/ 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reflection of protection\u00a0\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

In the second chapter of his book, Zechariah tells the Jewish exiles to return to their land, and not to fear being harmed by the other nations:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cAway, escape, O Zion, you who dwell in Fair Babylon! For thus said the LORD of Hosts\u2014He who sent me after glory\u2014concerning the nations that have taken you as spoil: \u2018Whoever touches you touches the pupil of his own eye. For I will lift My hand against them, and they shall be spoil for those they enslaved.\u2019\u2014Then you shall know that I was sent by the LORD of Hosts.\u201d (Zechariah 2:11-13)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The divine warning that whoever hurting the Jews will be like touching \u201cthe pupil of his own eye\u201d is somewhat strange. Why should touching your own eye be so terrible? The sages in the Midrash Mekhilta say that this was a scribal change, and it originally was \u201cthe pupil of My eye\u201d \u2013 i.e. God\u2019s eye. It was changed to avoid speaking about God in a dishonorable way.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Hebrew phrase <\/span>bavat ayin<\/span><\/em>, \u201cpupil of the eye,\u201d not only refers to the physical pupil, but also to something dear and important, like the English phrase \u201capple of one\u2019s eye.\u201d\u00a0 The first word in the phrase, <\/span>bava<\/span><\/em>, may mean \u201creflection,\u201d like the related Hebrew word <\/span>bavuah<\/span><\/em>, with the same meaning.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Another word related to this root is the Arabic <\/span>babbat<\/span><\/em>, <\/span><\/i>meaning little child. The little child is considered a \u201creflection\u201d of a man. A similar development is found in English. The Latin word <\/span>pupus<\/span><\/em>\u00a0meant \u201cboy\u201d (<\/span>pupa<\/span><\/em>\u00a0for \u201cgirl.\u201d) This word gave us both the word pupil meaning \u201cstudent,\u201d since students were children, and pupil (of the eye). The latter came from the tiny image of yourself that you see reflected in the eye of another. That tiny reflection looked like a little child, or a doll, also known as a <\/span>pupa<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\r\n

The Arabic <\/span>babbat<\/span><\/em> had a related word for \u201cdoll\u201d \u2013 <\/span>bubu<\/span><\/em>. And it was this word that inspired the founder of the modern Hebrew language, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, to come up with the Hebrew word for doll \u2013 <\/span>buba<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

All of these words \u2013 pupil of the eye, a young child, and a doll \u2013 express a degree of love and sensitivity that underscore just how much God\u2019s love for the Jews will protect them when they return to their land.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Image: Screenshot from IMAX\u00ae 3D movie Hidden Universe showing the Helix Nebula (\u201cEye of God\u201d) in infrared.jpg \/ wikipedia<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":79092,"alt":"","title":"zech2-gods eye","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye.jpg","width":800,"height":496,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye-300x186.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":186,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye-768x476.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":476,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye.jpg","large-width":800,"large-height":496,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye.jpg","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":496,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye.jpg","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":496,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye.jpg","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":496,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye-677x420.jpg","home_baner-width":677,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"The Pupil Of God\u2019s Eye","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"A reflection of protection\u00a0","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":79092,"alt":"","title":"zech2-gods eye","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye.jpg","width":800,"height":496,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye-300x186.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":186,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye-768x476.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":476,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye.jpg","large-width":800,"large-height":496,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye.jpg","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":496,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye.jpg","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":496,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye.jpg","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":496,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-gods-eye-677x420.jpg","home_baner-width":677,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Zechariah","chapter":"2","chapter_main_number":"552","date":"20271011","wall_id":"552"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":9,"id":"79088","color":"#e0e9ef","size":"1","name":"God\u2019s Building Tools ","post_title":"God\u2019s Building Tools","slug":"gods-building-tools","old_id":"79088","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":73524,"post_title":"Yaakov Beasley","slug":"yaakov-beasley","old_id":"73524","first_name":"Yaakov ","last_name":"Beasley ","description":"Yaakov Beasley is the Tanakh Coordinator at Yeshivat Hesder Lev haTorah, the host of the TanachTalks podcast, and the author of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: Lights in the Valley (Maggid Press, 2020). ","short_description":"Yaakov Beasley is the Tanakh Coordinator at Yeshivat Hesder Lev haTorah, podcast host and author. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":73525,"alt":"","title":"yaakov beasley","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","width":409,"height":484,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley-254x300.jpg","medium-width":254,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","medium_large-width":409,"medium_large-height":484,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","large-width":409,"large-height":484,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","1536x1536-width":409,"1536x1536-height":484,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","2048x2048-width":409,"2048x2048-height":484,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","post_full_size-width":409,"post_full_size-height":484,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley-355x420.jpg","home_baner-width":355,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"552","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Justice is the measuring line and righteousness the plumb line\u00a0\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

The second chapter of Zechariah begins in the same cryptic style as the first. He has a vision of four horns followed by four craftsmen. According to some, based on Daniel's famous vision of the four kingdoms, the horns represent the nations that will attack Judah and Jerusalem, and the four craftsmen represent those that will defeat the horns. Some suggest that the four horns represent how Jerusalem was originally attacked from all four sides, and others suggest that the horns are the local Samaritans, who were a thorn in the side of the nascent community of returnees.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In the next vision, Zechariah describes a surveyor measuring the size of Jerusalem with a measuring line. The purpose is to measure the city's length and width, and an angel explains encouragingly that Jerusalem will be so expansive, so many people will come to live there, that it will not be able to contain its population within its walls. As it was not safe in ancient times for a city to be without a wall, Zechariah states that God will be as a wall of fire for Jerusalem.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Measuring rods and plumb lines are common metaphors in the Bible. God describes Himself as a builder, who uses different tools from the ones earthly builders do: \"See, I lay a stone in Zion, a tested stone, a precious cornerstone for a sure foundation\" (Isaiah 28:16). When Amos prophecies about Samaria's destruction, he states, \"This is what he showed me: The Lord was standing by a wall \u2026 with a plumb line in his hand. And the Lord asked me, 'What do you see, Amos?' 'A plumb line,' I replied. Then the Lord said, 'Look, I am setting a plumb line among my people Israel; I will spare them no longer.'\".<\/span><\/p>\r\n

What is a plumb line? It is a weight suspended from a string used as a vertical reference line to ensure a structure is straight and even, much like today's levels. The plumb line ensures that everything is right, justified and centered correctly.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

But what is God's plumb line? Or in other words, how does God measure a person or community or society to see if it is aligned correctly? Isaiah himself gave the answer: \"I will make justice the measuring line and righteousness the plumb line.\" By alluding to this metaphor of the measuring rod, Zechariah begins the process of reminding the people, who are focused on the physical rebuilding of the city, not to forget that the new city of Jerusalem will only be complete when its measurements are aligned with God's standards.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":79089,"alt":"","title":"zech2-plumbline-wordofgod","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod.jpg","width":402,"height":604,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod-200x300.jpg","medium-width":200,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod.jpg","medium_large-width":402,"medium_large-height":604,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod.jpg","large-width":402,"large-height":604,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod.jpg","1536x1536-width":402,"1536x1536-height":604,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod.jpg","2048x2048-width":402,"2048x2048-height":604,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod.jpg","post_full_size-width":402,"post_full_size-height":604,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod-280x420.jpg","home_baner-width":280,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"God\u2019s Building Tools","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Justice is the measuring line and righteousness the plumb line\u00a0","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":79089,"alt":"","title":"zech2-plumbline-wordofgod","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod.jpg","width":402,"height":604,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod-200x300.jpg","medium-width":200,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod.jpg","medium_large-width":402,"medium_large-height":604,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod.jpg","large-width":402,"large-height":604,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod.jpg","1536x1536-width":402,"1536x1536-height":604,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod.jpg","2048x2048-width":402,"2048x2048-height":604,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod.jpg","post_full_size-width":402,"post_full_size-height":604,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech2-plumbline-wordofgod-280x420.jpg","home_baner-width":280,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Zechariah","chapter":"2","chapter_main_number":"552","date":"20271011","wall_id":"552"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":10,"id":"79204","color":"#faeed8","size":"1","name":"From The Diary Of Joshua The High Priest ","post_title":"From The Diary Of Joshua The High Priest","slug":"from-the-diary-of-joshua-the-high-priest","old_id":"79204","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":38047,"post_title":"Shoshana Michael Zucker","slug":"shoshana-michael-zucker","old_id":"38047","first_name":"Shoshana Michael ","last_name":"Zucker ","description":"Shoshana Michael Zucker is a translator and editor by profession, but would much rather be learning and teaching Torah. A graduate of Barnard College, she made aliyah in 1983 and now lives in Kfar Saba where she is an active member of the Masorti Congregation Hod veHadar. ","short_description":"Shoshana Michael Zucker is a translator and editor and lives in Kfar Saba \r\n","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":38048,"alt":"","title":"Shoshana Michael Zucker","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker.jpg","width":231,"height":310,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker-224x300.jpg","medium-width":224,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker.jpg","medium_large-width":231,"medium_large-height":310,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker.jpg","large-width":231,"large-height":310,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker.jpg","1536x1536-width":231,"1536x1536-height":310,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker.jpg","2048x2048-width":231,"2048x2048-height":310,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker.jpg","post_full_size-width":231,"post_full_size-height":310,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker.jpg","home_baner-width":231,"home_baner-height":310}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"553","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"He stared into my soul and nodded. I returned the nod...\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

From the diary of Joshua, the high priest:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ever since taking charge as high priest and overseeing the rebuilding of the Temple, I have felt great sympathy for my biblical predecessor. Settling this land and keeping these people organized is no small task.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The foundations for the Temple have been laid, and now we face a dilemma. Should we renew the sacrificial service, at least in part, as soon as possible or wait until everything is completely constructed and perfectly in place? Most of my fellow priests want to wait, so we can serve exactly according to the rulebook. I understand their anxiety. An error in the sacred service could be fatal. But there are other concerns. The construction itself is not the goal, serving God is. What would God want us to do? Without the Urim and Thummim, we have no way to know. And there are the people. They are restless and want to see progress. Otherwise, I fear they will want to leave this rocky hill country and return \u201chome\u201d to Babylonia.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

After much consideration, today I announced that as high priest, I am taking responsibility. Sacrifices will be renewed. I accept upon myself any and all guilt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A few weeks later<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I doubt the rightness of my decision; I am overwhelmed with anxiety. I can hardly sleep and am losing weight. My family is terrified.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The next day<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Last night, as I mentally reviewed the procedures for Yom Kippur, meditated on pronouncing the Ineffable Name, and imagined myself stepping into the Holy of Holies, an angel of the Eternal appeared. He reached out his hand and led me deep inside. It was very dark. I was terrified. I prayed that my wife and children would understand that I had sacrificed myself for the sake of God and His people.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Suddenly, I was in a space full of light. I could not see but knew that I was in the presence of The One Who-Was-Is-Will-Be. I wanted to prostrate myself but could not move. I was horrified to see that my garments were stained with sin, mine and those of my people. The Accuser began to speak, but the Holy Blessed One silenced him. \u201cThis is a brand plucked from the fire. Joshua, my servant, you acted to benefit My people and therefore, I have removed your guilt.\u201d My filthy garments were exchanged for clean ones, a diadem was placed on my head, and my commission renewed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Then, the cock crowed, and I was in my room in Jerusalem, almost late for work. Already dressed (how did that happen?), I slipped on my sandals and hurried to the Temple. At the entrance, Zechariah stopped me. Without a word, his prophetic eyes caught mine. He stared into my soul and nodded. I returned the nod, and went on my way.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":79212,"alt":"","title":"zech3-diary","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary.jpg","width":6000,"height":4000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary.jpg","2048x2048-width":2048,"2048x2048-height":1365,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary-1200x800.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":800,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"From The Diary Of Joshua The High Priest","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"He stared into my soul and nodded. I returned the nod...","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":79212,"alt":"","title":"zech3-diary","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary.jpg","width":6000,"height":4000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary.jpg","2048x2048-width":2048,"2048x2048-height":1365,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary-1200x800.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":800,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-diary-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Zechariah","chapter":"3","chapter_main_number":"553","date":"20271012","wall_id":"553"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":11,"id":"79218","color":"#e6f5f3","size":"1","name":"Hope Prevails ","post_title":"Hope Prevails","slug":"hope-prevails","old_id":"79218","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":47905,"post_title":"Natasha Mann","slug":"natasha-mann","old_id":"47905","first_name":"Natasha ","last_name":"Mann ","description":"Rabbi Natasha Mann serves as a rabbi at New London Synagogue and Hatch End\/Mosaic Masorti. Natasha hails from the grassy hills of Hertfordshire, England, and has spent most of her adult life between Los Angeles and the Holy City of Jerusalem. Natasha has worked in Jewish education and the non-profit world, promoting better education and legislation on human trafficking issues. ","short_description":"Rabbi Natasha Mann serves as a rabbi at New London Synagogue and Hatch End\/Mosaic Masorti.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":47906,"alt":"","title":"natasha mann","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/natasha-mann-e1548150986169.jpg","width":735,"height":954,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/natasha-mann-e1548150986169-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/natasha-mann-e1548150986169-231x300.jpg","medium-width":231,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/natasha-mann-768x568.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":568,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/natasha-mann-1024x757.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":757,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/natasha-mann-e1548150986169.jpg","1536x1536-width":735,"1536x1536-height":954,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/natasha-mann-e1548150986169.jpg","2048x2048-width":735,"2048x2048-height":954,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/natasha-mann-1200x887.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":887,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/natasha-mann-e1548150986169-324x420.jpg","home_baner-width":324,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"553","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Our ability to move on is literally central to the story\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

This chapter details another of Zechariah\u2019s visions. It is possible to read Zechariah\u2019s dreams as numbering eight distinct visions, forming a chiastic structure (in which the pattern reflects back on itself, e.g. \u2018A B B A\u2019). Reading Zechariah\u2019s visions as a chiasm gives us this:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    \r\n\t
  1. The Four Horsemen (1:8-17)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  2. Four Horns and Four Blacksmiths (a reflection on sin and exile) (2:1-4)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  3. The Measuring Line (Jerusalem) (2:5-17)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  4. The Heavenly Court (Chapter 3)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  5. The Menorah (Chapter 4)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  6. The Flying Scroll (Jerusalem) (5:1-4)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  7. Woman in a Tub (a reflection on sin and exile) (5:5-11)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  8. The Four Horsemen (6:1-8)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

    This structure is of particular interest now for two reasons. First, in a chiastic structure, it is often the middle of the chiasm that is considered the highlighted section. For our purposes, this is chapters three and four. Second, it implies a relationship between this chapter and the next.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    Our vision of the heavenly court features the character of Joshua, who is to be the High Priest in the newly-built Temple. The charge is aimed toward Joshua, whose role is paramount in the era to come, and the chapter is completed with a message of future peace and serenity. Similarly, the vision of the menorah in chapter 4 will be focused on the character of the governor Zerubbavel, and it too comes with a deeply messianic undertone. The implication of placing these visions at the centre of the chiasm is that Zechariah\u2019s underlying message is one of hope of future restoration.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    The vision of this chapter brings us to a significant moment in return from exile. The Israelites are ready to resume service in the rebuilt Temple. The prophet describes a vision of a heavenly scene in which the angels are arguing about the next High Priest. Standing as Joshua\u2019s accuser is Satan. Another angel stands at Joshua\u2019s defence. Joshua is clothed in filthy garments. Satan argues that Joshua is unfit to serve as High Priest, because he is covered in sin (represented by the filthy garments). In response to this argument, the Divine says: \u2018Is this one not a brand plucked from fire?\u2019 Joshua, the Divine seems to be arguing, was brought here out of Babylonian exile, a place of oppression and abuse. The angels then help Joshua to change into clean clothing, and the Holy One tells Joshua that if he follows in God\u2019s ways, he will be able to serve in the Temple.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    This is a fascinating scene to serve as a centerpoint for Zechariah\u2019s visions, folded between stories of exile and doom. Joshua wears the worst of Israelite society, the elements which deemed them unworthy of redemption. However, Joshua is defended, and is able to move on from the wrongdoings that had previously trapped him.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    Hope is not gone, the story reminds us: we can shed the filthy garments. <\/span>
    \r\n<\/span>Hope is not gone, the structure reminds us: our ability to move on is literally and theologically central.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    Image by Michal Ben Hamu<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":79219,"alt":"","title":"zech3-joshua","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-joshua.jpg","width":1024,"height":683,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-joshua-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-joshua-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-joshua-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-joshua-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-joshua.jpg","1536x1536-width":1024,"1536x1536-height":683,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-joshua.jpg","2048x2048-width":1024,"2048x2048-height":683,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-joshua.jpg","post_full_size-width":1024,"post_full_size-height":683,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-joshua-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"For Shabbat Chanukah","tile_main_caption":"Hope Prevails","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Our ability to move on is literally central to the 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Brand Plucked From The Fire ","post_title":"A Brand Plucked From The Fire","slug":"a-brand-plucked-from-the-fire","old_id":"79223","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":52019,"post_title":"Chesky Kopel","slug":"chesky-kopel","old_id":"52019","first_name":"Chesky ","last_name":"Kopel ","description":"Chesky Kopel is antitrust lawyer, husband, and father living in Philadelphia.","short_description":"Chesky Kopel is antitrust lawyer, husband, and father living in Philadelphia.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":52046,"alt":"","title":"chesky kopel.jpg","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chesky-kopel.jpg.png","width":191,"height":220,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chesky-kopel.jpg-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chesky-kopel.jpg.png","medium-width":191,"medium-height":220,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chesky-kopel.jpg.png","medium_large-width":191,"medium_large-height":220,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chesky-kopel.jpg.png","large-width":191,"large-height":220,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chesky-kopel.jpg.png","1536x1536-width":191,"1536x1536-height":220,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chesky-kopel.jpg.png","2048x2048-width":191,"2048x2048-height":220,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chesky-kopel.jpg.png","post_full_size-width":191,"post_full_size-height":220,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chesky-kopel.jpg.png","home_baner-width":191,"home_baner-height":220}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"553","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Unimaginable pain refutes cold logic\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

    In Zechariah\u2019s vision, the high priest Joshua stands before an angel of God wearing \u201cfilthy garments\u201d (3:3), an apparent reference to his personal imperfections. \u2018The Satan\u2019 is there to highlight Joshua\u2019s flaws and undermine his authority. God\u2019s shocking response is to rebuke the Satan who, we assume, is only doing his job: \u201cGod rebuke you, Satan!\u2026for this is a brand plucked from fire.\u201d (3:2). Joshua was \u201cplucked from [the] fire\u201d of the destruction of the First Temple and has survived long enough to see the rebuilding, and this is enough to absolve him of his sins and purify him for renewed service.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    Why should Joshua\u2019s previous survival matter if the Satan is focused on his current flaws, his apparently still-filthy garments? Rashi emphasizes the merit Joshua must have accrued to earn him survival: \u201cdon\u2019t come to accuse this tzaddik who was worthy enough to be saved from the fire.\u201d In other words, his garments are not as filthy as they look. Ibn Ezra interprets God\u2019s response as a command to the Satan to show some mercy: \u201cthey [the survivors] have suffered enough and escaped from exile.\u201d Rabbi Mosheh Lichtenstein places this mercy in the context of a broader theology: \u201cThe prophecy of Zechariah expresses a principle found in several places in the Prophets, namely that there are situations in which Israel is redeemed on account of pain and distress, even if their actions are not worthy.\u201d (<\/span>Netivei Nevuah<\/span><\/em>, p. 329, my translation).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    But none of these readings fully captures the sentiment. God does not simply refute the Satan; He \u201crebukes\u201d him, as if Joshua is off limits for criticism. I see this vision as a compelling source for a Jewish consensus that I learned as a child: we don\u2019t criticize survivors. Rabbi Benjamin Blech<\/span> explained<\/span><\/a> it this way: \u201cI would never criticize Holocaust survivors. Even if I disagreed with them I would choose silence over disapproval. Their pain trumps my judgment. Their anguish overrides my feelings.\u201d The logic is not even that non-survivors lack the perspective to understand survivors, not necessarily. It\u2019s that something outside the realm of logic\u2014unimaginable pain\u2014so clearly refutes logic.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    In the fire, Joshua earned his right to continue standing before God.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":79224,"alt":"","title":"zech3-fire","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-1200x800.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":800,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"A Brand Plucked From The Fire","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Unimaginable pain refutes cold logic","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":79224,"alt":"","title":"zech3-fire","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-1200x800.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":800,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech3-fire-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Zechariah","chapter":"3","chapter_main_number":"553","date":"20271012","wall_id":"553"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":13,"id":"79247","color":"#f7f7f5","size":"1","name":"The Day Of Small Things ","post_title":"The Day Of Small Things","slug":"the-day-of-small-things","old_id":"79247","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":73524,"post_title":"Yaakov Beasley","slug":"yaakov-beasley","old_id":"73524","first_name":"Yaakov ","last_name":"Beasley ","description":"Yaakov Beasley is the Tanakh Coordinator at Yeshivat Hesder Lev haTorah, the host of the TanachTalks podcast, and the author of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: Lights in the Valley (Maggid Press, 2020). ","short_description":"Yaakov Beasley is the Tanakh Coordinator at Yeshivat Hesder Lev haTorah, podcast host and author. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":73525,"alt":"","title":"yaakov beasley","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","width":409,"height":484,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley-254x300.jpg","medium-width":254,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","medium_large-width":409,"medium_large-height":484,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","large-width":409,"large-height":484,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","1536x1536-width":409,"1536x1536-height":484,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","2048x2048-width":409,"2048x2048-height":484,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley.jpg","post_full_size-width":409,"post_full_size-height":484,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/yaakov-beasley-355x420.jpg","home_baner-width":355,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"554","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The antidote to paralyzing negativity\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

    Having reassured Zechariah that the high priest Joshua is worthy to serve in the Temple, despite the personal imperfections that plagued him and his family, now God describes the building of the new Temple. The vision is a lampstand that received oil for its lamps from two olive trees. Again, the angel turns to Zechariah and asks him if he understands what he sees, to which Zechariah answers in the negative. The angel explains that the message is that this time, the work that has to be done is not through human agency, but through God's spirit. Through it, the obstacles that stand in the way of completing the building, symbolized by a large mountain, will disappear. Zechariah continues to question, asking about the nature of the olive branches and the seven candles of the lamp. God answers that the candles represent God's eyes, which cover the entire earth; while the two olive trees represent the two anointed leaders of the people, Joshua the high priest and Zerubbabel the governor.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    This vision is one of the most famous chapters in the prophets. It is the haftarah for the holiday of Hanukkah, and the vision of the menorah surrounded by the two olive branches became the inspiration for the brothers Gabriel and Maxim Shamir, who used it to design the symbol of the nascent state of Israel in 1948.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    In his commentary to the book of Zechariah, Rabbi Hayyim Angel discusses the significance of the choice of this chapter as the haftarah for the holiday of Hanukkah. According to <\/span>Pesikta Rabbati 4, <\/span><\/i>the right choice should have been <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>the story of Elijah's dramatic and fiery confrontation with the priests of Ba'al at Mount Carmel in 1 Kings 19, while according to <\/span>Pesikta Rabbati 8<\/span><\/i>, the first chapter of Zephaniah, with its emphasis on candles as a means of introspection and repentance should have been the haftarah for Chanukah. Clearly some felt that the religious zealously of the Maccabees was the ideal message to preserve for Hanukkah (the Elijah model), others felt that the survival of a few among many wicked, which required introspection, was a more appropriate model to emulate. However, Zechariah's implied preference for the spiritual victory as opposed to the military miracles won out.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    Finally, the chapter contains one of my favorite inspirational lines in all of prophecy \u2013 God's rebuke of those who \"despised the day of small things\". Rashi connects this to Ezra's description of the first attempt to rebuild the Temple. While many people rejoiced, others, mostly elderly, mocked and laughed at them. What a pathetic structure \u2013 so small and insignificant. Had they not seen Solomon's Temple in all its glory and grandeur? Ultimately, their negativity became paralyzing, an excuse for the people not to act. If we can't do it perfectly, why do it at all?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    Says Zechariah, it's not your job to decide what constitutes success. Do what you can \u2013 let God's spirit do the rest.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    image: Lego model of the Temple (truly small things...)<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":79248,"alt":"","title":"zech4-legomodel","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel.jpg","width":600,"height":317,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel-300x159.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":159,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel.jpg","medium_large-width":600,"medium_large-height":317,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel.jpg","large-width":600,"large-height":317,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel.jpg","1536x1536-width":600,"1536x1536-height":317,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel.jpg","2048x2048-width":600,"2048x2048-height":317,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel.jpg","post_full_size-width":600,"post_full_size-height":317,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel.jpg","home_baner-width":600,"home_baner-height":317}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"For Shabbat Chanukah","tile_main_caption":"The Day Of Small Things","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"The antidote to paralyzing negativity","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":79248,"alt":"","title":"zech4-legomodel","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel.jpg","width":600,"height":317,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel-300x159.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":159,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel.jpg","medium_large-width":600,"medium_large-height":317,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel.jpg","large-width":600,"large-height":317,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel.jpg","1536x1536-width":600,"1536x1536-height":317,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel.jpg","2048x2048-width":600,"2048x2048-height":317,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel.jpg","post_full_size-width":600,"post_full_size-height":317,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/zech4-legomodel.jpg","home_baner-width":600,"home_baner-height":317}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Zechariah","chapter":"4","chapter_main_number":"554","date":"20271013","wall_id":"554"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":14,"id":"79238","color":"#effaea","size":"1","name":"Not By Might, Not By Power ","post_title":"Not By Might, Not By Power","slug":"not-by-might-not-by-power","old_id":"79238","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":33877,"post_title":"Marc Bregman","slug":"marc-bregman","old_id":"33877","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Bregman","description":"Marc Bregman received his Ph.D. from The Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1991. He taught at the Hebrew Union College (Jerusalem), The Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the Schechter Institute for Judaic Studies in Jerusalem, and at the Ben-Gurion University in Beer Sheba, Israel. During 1993 he was Visiting Associate Professor at Yale University, and during 1996 he was the Stroum Professor of Jewish Studies and Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Washington in Seattle. During 2005, Bregman served as the Harry Starr Fellow in Judaica at Harvard University and was awarded a Teaching Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. He also has served as Forchheimer Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Humanities at The Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He is the author of The Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature: Studies in the Evolution of the Versions (Gorgias Press, 2003). In 2006, Bregman was appointed the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro, where he also headed the program in Jewish Studies, until 2013. Bregman retired from UNCG as of July 31, 2017. He has now returned to Jerusalem where he is continuing his research and teaching activities.","credit":"","image_url":"","short_description":"Marc Bregman is the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies emeritus, at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro.","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":33878,"alt":"Marc Bregman","title":"Marc Bregman","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","width":361,"height":488,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-222x300.jpg","medium-width":222,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","medium_large-width":361,"medium_large-height":488,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","large-width":361,"large-height":488,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","1536x1536-width":361,"1536x1536-height":488,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","2048x2048-width":361,"2048x2048-height":488,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","post_full_size-width":361,"post_full_size-height":488,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-311x420.jpg","home_baner-width":311,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"554","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Shalom!\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

    Our chapter preserves the fifth vision of Zechariah. An angel shows the Prophet a lampstand all of gold on which are seven lamps (Zechariah 4:2). When Zechariah asks what these things mean, the angel replies with a memorable expression: \u201cNot by might and not by power, but by My spirit \u2013 said the Lord of Hosts\u201d (4:6). This verse has been the inspiration of song writers in our day. These include the baritone conductor Elliot Z. Levine,<\/span> who set to music the verse sung in Hebrew and English<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    The renowned singer-songwriter, <\/span>Debbie Friedman<\/span><\/a>, who passed away in 2011, employs this verse in the refrain of a song, in which she elaborates on the passionately sung expression \u201c<\/span>Not by might and not by power<\/span><\/a>\u201d. This song may be seen as a modern musical midrash, the lyrics of which may be read as a poetic plea for peace:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    Not by might and not by power,<\/span>
    \r\n<\/span>But by spirit alone,<\/span>
    \r\n<\/span>Shall we all live in peace (x2)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    The children sing<\/span>
    \r\n<\/span>The children dream<\/span>
    \r\n<\/span>And their tears may fall<\/span>
    \r\n<\/span>But we'll hear them call<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    And another song will rise<\/span>
    \r\n<\/span>Another song will rise<\/span>
    \r\n<\/span>Another song will rise!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    Not by might and not by power,<\/span>
    \r\n<\/span>But by spirit alone,<\/span>
    \r\n<\/span>Shall we all and live in peace.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    Not by might!<\/span>
    \r\n<\/span>Not by power!<\/span>
    \r\n<\/span>Shalom!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

     <\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/XJLZfrw86Ws?t=148","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"For Shabbat Chanukah","tile_main_caption":"Not By Might, Not By Power","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Shalom!","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/XJLZfrw86Ws?t=148","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Zechariah","chapter":"4","chapter_main_number":"554","date":"20271013","wall_id":"554"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":15,"id":"79268","color":"#eceffa","size":"1","name":"The Flying Scroll ","post_title":"The Flying Scroll","slug":"the-flying-scroll","old_id":"79268","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":33877,"post_title":"Marc Bregman","slug":"marc-bregman","old_id":"33877","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Bregman","description":"Marc Bregman received his Ph.D. from The Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1991. He taught at the Hebrew Union College (Jerusalem), The Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the Schechter Institute for Judaic Studies in Jerusalem, and at the Ben-Gurion University in Beer Sheba, Israel. During 1993 he was Visiting Associate Professor at Yale University, and during 1996 he was the Stroum Professor of Jewish Studies and Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Washington in Seattle. During 2005, Bregman served as the Harry Starr Fellow in Judaica at Harvard University and was awarded a Teaching Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. He also has served as Forchheimer Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Humanities at The Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He is the author of The Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature: Studies in the Evolution of the Versions (Gorgias Press, 2003). In 2006, Bregman was appointed the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro, where he also headed the program in Jewish Studies, until 2013. Bregman retired from UNCG as of July 31, 2017. He has now returned to Jerusalem where he is continuing his research and teaching activities.","credit":"","image_url":"","short_description":"Marc Bregman is the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies emeritus, at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro.","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":33878,"alt":"Marc Bregman","title":"Marc Bregman","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","width":361,"height":488,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-222x300.jpg","medium-width":222,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","medium_large-width":361,"medium_large-height":488,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","large-width":361,"large-height":488,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","1536x1536-width":361,"1536x1536-height":488,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","2048x2048-width":361,"2048x2048-height":488,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","post_full_size-width":361,"post_full_size-height":488,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-311x420.jpg","home_baner-width":311,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"555","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"A heavenly document in more ways than one\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

    Our chapter begins with Zechariah\u2019s fifth vision: \u201cI looked again, and there before me was a flying scroll. He [the angel] asked me, \u2018What do you see?\u2019 I answered, \u2018I see a flying scroll, twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide\u2026[the angel explained] \u2018Everyone who has stolen, as is forbidden on one side [of the scroll], has gone unpunished. And everyone who has sworn [falsely], as is forbidden on the other side of it, has gone unpunished\u2019\" (verses 1-3). Since one cubit is equivalent to 18 inches in length, this fantastic scroll would be 30 by 15 feet in size, far beyond the size of any earthly scroll. Moreover, Zechariah envisions this scroll as flying (<\/span>afah<\/span><\/i>)!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    Rashi interprets the word <\/span>afah<\/em> <\/span>as \u201c<\/span>kefula <\/span><\/em>-- <\/span><\/i>folded, doubled over\u201d, suggesting this already enormous scroll would be even more extensive when unfolded. In Rashi\u2019s source, Talmud Eruvin 21a, Zechariah\u2019s scroll is compared to Ezekiel\u2019s scroll: \u201cThen I looked, and I saw a hand stretched out to me. In it was a scroll, which he unrolled before me. On both sides of it were written words of lament and mourning and woe\u201d (Ezekiel 2:9-10). Rashi states that what Ezekiel was shown was a \u201cscroll of the Oral Torah \u2013 <\/span>megillat torah she-be-al-peh<\/span><\/em>\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\r\n

    The Talmud goes on to interpret Ezekiel\u2019s scroll according to what Zechariah envisioned: \u201cI see a flying [<\/em><\/span>afah<\/span><\/em>] <\/em>scroll, twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide\u2026\u201d. Here the word <\/span>afah<\/em> <\/span>is interpreted according to its meaning in Babylonian Aramaic, \u201cfolded, doubled-over\u201d. This leads to the assertion that \u201cif you were to open (i.e. unfold) it, it would measure 20 cubits by 20 cubits\u201d. Moreover, the description of such scrolls having been written on both sides, leads to the assertion that \u201cif you were to split (<\/span>qalfat<\/span><\/em>) it\u201d, it would measure 40 cubits by 40 cubits!<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    The extraordinary descriptions of these prophetic scrolls may reflect actual scribal practices. Folding the sheets of a scroll like the bellows of a concertina led to the evolution of the codex, the multiple page form of the book utilizing both sides of each page . Compare the custom of reading the Scroll of Esther like the folded pages of a letter. Moreover, a single hide was sometimes split to create two sheets, the hair-side becoming what is called <\/span>qlaf<\/span><\/i> and the flesh-side becoming what is called <\/span>duchsustos<\/span><\/em> (see Maimonides, Laws of Tefillin, Mezuzah and Sefer Torah 1:7).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    Midrash Leviticus Rabbah 6:3 describes Zechariah\u2019s \u201cflying scroll\u201d as having \u201cfloated\u201d in the air and comments that even the hide of an elephant or camel would not measure \u201ctwenty cubits long and ten cubits wide\u201d. But, according to Rabbi Issachar ben Naphtali Ha-Kohen Katz-Berman (16<\/span>th<\/span> century) in his commentary <\/span>Matnot Kehunah<\/em> <\/span>to Midrash Rabbah, such a huge surface was required to write down all the punishments that would befall those who swear falsely, so evil was this transgression considered!<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":79269,"alt":"","title":"Zech5-vision","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision.jpg","width":800,"height":1160,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision-207x300.jpg","medium-width":207,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision-706x1024.jpg","medium_large-width":706,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision-706x1024.jpg","large-width":706,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision.jpg","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":1160,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision.jpg","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":1160,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision.jpg","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":1160,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision-290x420.jpg","home_baner-width":290,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"The Flying Scroll","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"A heavenly document in more ways than one","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":79269,"alt":"","title":"Zech5-vision","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision.jpg","width":800,"height":1160,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision-207x300.jpg","medium-width":207,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision-706x1024.jpg","medium_large-width":706,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision-706x1024.jpg","large-width":706,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision.jpg","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":1160,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision.jpg","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":1160,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision.jpg","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":1160,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Zech5-vision-290x420.jpg","home_baner-width":290,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Zechariah","chapter":"5","chapter_main_number":"555","date":"20271014","wall_id":"555"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":16,"id":"79266","color":"#f8ebe3","size":"1","name":"The Personification of Evil ","post_title":"The Personification of Evil","slug":"the-personification-of-evil","old_id":"79266","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":64875,"post_title":"Eliza McCarroll","slug":"eliza-mccarroll","old_id":"64875","first_name":"Eliza ","last_name":"McCarroll ","description":"Eliza McCarroll is a fifth-year rabbinical student from Sydney, Australia, at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion. ","short_description":"Eliza McCarroll is a fifth-year rabbinical student from Sydney, Australia, at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":64877,"alt":"","title":"Eliza McCarroll","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Eliza-McCarroll-1.jpg","width":506,"height":436,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Eliza-McCarroll-1-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Eliza-McCarroll-1-300x258.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":258,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Eliza-McCarroll-1.jpg","medium_large-width":506,"medium_large-height":436,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Eliza-McCarroll-1.jpg","large-width":506,"large-height":436,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Eliza-McCarroll-1.jpg","1536x1536-width":506,"1536x1536-height":436,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Eliza-McCarroll-1.jpg","2048x2048-width":506,"2048x2048-height":436,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Eliza-McCarroll-1.jpg","post_full_size-width":506,"post_full_size-height":436,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Eliza-McCarroll-1-487x420.jpg","home_baner-width":487,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"555","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"

    In a bizarre twist of events reminiscent of Harry Potter attempting to gather all of his acceptance letters to Hogwarts when they inundated the Dursley's fireplace, the first line of this chapter sees the prophet Zechariah looking up and seeing a \u201c<\/span>megilah afah<\/span><\/em>\u201d - a flying scroll, flapping its way towards him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    Inquiring about the contents of this strange, supernatural object, God explains to Zechariah that this scroll contains curses: on one side of the parchment, for those who have stolen, and on the other, for those who have taken God\u2019s name in vain.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    If you thought that things couldn\u2019t get any weirder, it appears that our prophetic protagonist is in the middle of a vision, with an angel then showing another object approaching - an <\/span>eifah<\/span><\/em>, or tub with a leaden disk covering the top, holding a woman crouching inside. Zechariah is told that this woman is the literal embodiment of Wickedness, and the leaden disk sealing her in, silencing her forever.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    This tub, with the body of Wickedness within it, is then carried away by two other women - described as having wings, and the wind in their hair - to the land of Shinar, where it will be used to erect a shrine.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    Putting aside the obvious difficulty of women representing wickedness, a common enough trope throughout our ancient biblical texts (think of the Book of Lamentations, where the feminine is used to embody sin and wrongdoing) there are lessons to be gleaned from this short episode which we can take into our modern lives.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    We live today in an age of misinformation and miscommunication, where it is easy to access a world-wide web full of factual inaccuracies, that become wedged inside the hearts and minds of those who consume them, much like the curses lodged themselves in the homes of the accursed, consuming them down to every last timber and stone (Zechariah 5:4).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

    As we move forward into a new Jewish year, particularly in the world in which we currently find ourselves, let us be mindful and critical of what we read or watch, and where it comes from. In this small way, we might subsequently play our part in removing wickedness from our midst, turning poison into praise, and malintent into magic.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

     <\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"The Personification of Evil","tile_main_caption":"Let us do our part in removing wickedness from our midst, turning poison into praise, and malintent into magic","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Zechariah","chapter":"5","chapter_main_number":"555","date":"20271014","wall_id":"555"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall\/78986"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wall"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78986"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}