{"id":76710,"date":"2018-07-09T17:48:23","date_gmt":"2018-07-09T14:48:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wall\/wall-519\/"},"modified":"2020-07-12T17:22:42","modified_gmt":"2020-07-12T14:22:42","slug":"wall-519","status":"publish","type":"wall","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wall\/wall-519\/","title":{"rendered":"chapter-Prophets-Amos-1"},"parent":0,"template":"","acf":{"type":"chapter","wall_id":"519","date":"20270825","book":"Amos","chapter":"1","chapter_main_number":"519","books_group":"Prophets","posts":[{"order":1,"id":"76979","color":"#f8ebe3","size":"1","name":"JPS Audio Bible - Amos Chapter 1 ","post_title":"JPS Audio Bible - Amos Chapter 1","slug":"jps-audio-bible-amos-chapter-1","old_id":"76979","type":"user","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34686,"post_title":"Soundcloud","slug":"soundcloud","old_id":"34686","first_name":"","last_name":"","description":"","short_description":"","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34656,"alt":"","title":"491","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","width":300,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","large-width":300,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":300,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","post_full_size-width":300,"post_full_size-height":300,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","home_baner-width":300,"home_baner-height":300}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"519","type_929":"4","show_author_image":true,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"JPS Audio Bible","tile_main_caption":"Amos Chapter 1","tile_main_caption_size":"2","tile_sub_caption":"Hear the daily chapter","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/user-753876298\/jps_audio_bible_amos_chapter_1","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Amos","chapter":"1","chapter_main_number":"519","date":"20270825","wall_id":"519"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":2,"id":"77302","color":"#effaea","size":"1","name":"Listening To The Prophets with Rabbi Abby Sosland - Amos 1","post_title":"Listening To The Prophets with Rabbi Abby Sosland - Amos 1","slug":"listening-to-the-prophets-with-rabbi-abby-sosland-amos-1","old_id":"77302","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":56624,"post_title":"Abby Sosland","slug":"abby-sosland","old_id":"56624","first_name":"Abby ","last_name":"Sosland","description":"Rabbi Abby Sosland is a spiritual advisor, writer, and educator, based at The Leffell School in Westchester, New York. 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","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":39779,"alt":"","title":"aliza baronofsky","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/aliza-baronofsky.jpg","width":1425,"height":1794,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/aliza-baronofsky-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/aliza-baronofsky-238x300.jpg","medium-width":238,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/aliza-baronofsky-768x967.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":967,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/aliza-baronofsky-813x1024.jpg","large-width":813,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/aliza-baronofsky.jpg","1536x1536-width":1220,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/aliza-baronofsky.jpg","2048x2048-width":1425,"2048x2048-height":1794,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/aliza-baronofsky-953x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":953,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/aliza-baronofsky-334x420.jpg","home_baner-width":334,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"519","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Preaching against injustice in a time of great inequality (sound familiar?)\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

(This post is the first in a series on social justice in Amos)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

On February 7, 2020, in an era my family refers to as \u201cthe before times\u201d, the Pew Research Groups released an<\/span> updated fact sheet about income inequality<\/span><\/a> in the United States, noting that the share of wealth belonging to the top 20% of earners has continued to grow. The gap is widening between the middle class and the upper echelons of society, with the US having higher income inequality than any other G7 country.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

As we start the book of Amos today, it\u2019s worth noting that we live in a time that parallels his in certain crucial ways. Academics situate Amos\u2019 prophecies in a time of economic prosperity: In the first half of the 8<\/span>th<\/span> century BCE, during the time of kings Joash and Jeroboam, the northern kingdom is no longer oppressed of Aram and not yet threatened by Assyria. Political calm brings prosperity, and with it the subjugation of the poor that is a central theme of the book.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The text describes Amos as \u201cwho was of the <\/span>Nokdim<\/span><\/em> (sheep breeders) from Tekoa.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

As Amos spends most of the book railing against the rich of Samaria, this phrase is critical \u2013 what is a <\/span>Noked<\/span><\/em> and where is Tekoa? Amos\u2019 profession before he turns up to prophesy against the excesses will help us understand who he is and how his audience sees him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Radak, Rabbi David Kimchi, is one of a number of commentaries who sees \u201cNoked<\/em>\u201d as being a synonym for shepherd \u2013 implying poverty or a man-of-the-people status. He says Tekoa is in the tribe of Asher, which makes Amos a native son of the North. Perhaps he understands the people\u2019s despair because he has experienced it himself.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Some commentaries say that a <\/span>Noked<\/span><\/em> is something more (after all, the text could have called him a shepherd (<\/span>ro\u2019eh<\/span><\/em>) if it wanted.) Metzudat Tzion says that a Noked <\/em>would be appointed when sheep were many. This idea, that he might be a wealthy owner of many sheep or an overseer of many shepherds, is supported by a source that Metzudat Tzion brings telling us that the king of Moav was a Noked<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Later in our book, Amos will respond to the criticisms he faces from the priest of Bethel by saying, \u201c<\/span>\u201cI am not a prophet, and I am not a prophet\u2019s disciple. I am a cattle breeder and a tender of sycamore figs.<\/span>\u201d (7:14). Whereas prophets and priests work in an intellectual sphere, he positions himself in opposition to these leaders as a man of the earth.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It\u2019s easy to see how Amos, with the credentials of real, practical life experience, would appeal to ordinary people as a prophet. Malbim situates him as a property owner, who oversees other <\/span>Nokdim<\/span><\/em>. He is in a position of responsibility, but not one of great honor or wealth. He sees the hardships of the people who serve under him and knows that the upper class does not recognize him as being wise, learned or influential. Nonetheless, says Malbim, Amos is willing to prophesy against this upper class.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

image:\u00a0Favela de Parais\u00f3polis v. luxury apartments. This favela (shanti town) on the left is ironically called Parais\u00f3polis (Paradise city). Photo: Tuca Vieira<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":77038,"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela.jpg","width":914,"height":608,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela-768x511.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":511,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela.jpg","large-width":914,"large-height":608,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela.jpg","1536x1536-width":914,"1536x1536-height":608,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela.jpg","2048x2048-width":914,"2048x2048-height":608,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela.jpg","post_full_size-width":914,"post_full_size-height":608,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela-631x420.jpg","home_baner-width":631,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Social Justice in Amos","tile_main_caption":"Man Of The People, Man Of The Earth","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Preaching against injustice in a time of great inequality (sound familiar?)","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":77038,"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela.jpg","width":914,"height":608,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela-768x511.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":511,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela.jpg","large-width":914,"large-height":608,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela.jpg","1536x1536-width":914,"1536x1536-height":608,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela.jpg","2048x2048-width":914,"2048x2048-height":608,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela.jpg","post_full_size-width":914,"post_full_size-height":608,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-favela-631x420.jpg","home_baner-width":631,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Amos","chapter":"1","chapter_main_number":"519","date":"20270825","wall_id":"519"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":4,"id":"77043","color":"#f6f5de","size":"1","name":"Israel\u2019s Highly Conditional Specialness\u00a0 ","post_title":"Israel\u2019s Highly Conditional Specialness\u00a0","slug":"israels-highly-conditional-specialness","old_id":"77043","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":67893,"post_title":"Saul Sadka","slug":"saul-sadka","old_id":"67893","first_name":"Saul ","last_name":"Sadka","description":"Saul Sadka is a businessman and author living in Tel Aviv, the author of the Sadka-Rabinowicz edition of the Torah. ","short_description":"Saul Sadka is a businessman and author living in Tel Aviv, the author of the Sadka-Rabinowicz edition of the Torah. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":67894,"alt":"","title":"saul sadka","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/saul-sadka.jpg","width":1200,"height":1600,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/saul-sadka-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/saul-sadka-225x300.jpg","medium-width":225,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/saul-sadka-768x1024.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/saul-sadka-768x1024.jpg","large-width":768,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/saul-sadka.jpg","1536x1536-width":1152,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/saul-sadka.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":1600,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/saul-sadka-900x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":900,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/saul-sadka-315x420.jpg","home_baner-width":315,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"519","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Beware lest you be swept away in a flash flood of justice\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

Chronologically speaking, Amos is the first of the named prophets with his own book. This is perhaps because he was the first to write his prophecies down, or have them written down for him. Although Amos is a Judean, he spoke primarily against the kings of Israel in the time of King Jeroboam II.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Jeroboam had enjoyed fantastic success but had fallen into the wealth trap described in Deuteronomy (see e.g., ch. 8). He had defeated all before him and had exerted influence over the surrounding nations. Yet instead of enlightening them, he and his people became benighted by their pagan practices. They had become corrupt and had forgotten the message of the freedom from slavery to the extent that the elite had enslaved their poor brethren. Not only had they failed to become the intended light and blessing to the nations after being freed from bondage to Egypt, they had become exactly like the Egyptians themselves, holding their poor as bondsmen.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Amos opens with a litany against each of Israel\u2019s neighbors in turn, finally zeroing in on Israel for whom there is the worst condemnation. The message is that Israel\u2019s neighbors may be bad, but Israel is worse.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Amos was prophesying around the time of a great earthquake around 750 BCE. Many later prophets, including Isaiah and even Zachariah (14:5) ten generations later, recalled this seismic event. It would seem that this had an impact on the theology of the people, perhaps beginning to tie the actions to God\u2019s response as a prelude to their defeat and exile soon after.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Amos denounces the people for their hypocrisy in demonstrating outward devotion to God through ritual while dealing unjustly with their fellow men. Amos clarifies that these are inseparable, and that if they do not act justly they will be swept away by a \u201cflash flood\u201d of justice (Amos 5:24). This implies a microcosm of God\u2019s punishment of the generation of Noah. Water is viewed as a constant metaphor for Torah within the Tanakh and by rabbis throughout the ages (see e.g., Bava Kamma 17a). Here the people are told, if you fail to repent and fail to behave justly, you will be swept away in a flood of Torah that will come suddenly and make your valley bloom once you are gone.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Perhaps it is Amos that set the people on the path to understanding that while Israel was special, that specialness was based on the people fulfilling their purpose and not an innate characteristic. Perhaps it was also Amos who began the preparation for the detachment of the people from the land without the loss of their belief in their God by establishing justice, not ritual, as paramount.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":77044,"alt":"","title":"amos1-flood2","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2.jpg","width":616,"height":585,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2-300x285.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":285,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2.jpg","medium_large-width":616,"medium_large-height":585,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2.jpg","large-width":616,"large-height":585,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2.jpg","1536x1536-width":616,"1536x1536-height":585,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2.jpg","2048x2048-width":616,"2048x2048-height":585,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2.jpg","post_full_size-width":616,"post_full_size-height":585,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2-442x420.jpg","home_baner-width":442,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Israel\u2019s Highly Conditional Specialness\u00a0","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Beware lest you be swept away in a flash flood of justice","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":77044,"alt":"","title":"amos1-flood2","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2.jpg","width":616,"height":585,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2-300x285.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":285,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2.jpg","medium_large-width":616,"medium_large-height":585,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2.jpg","large-width":616,"large-height":585,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2.jpg","1536x1536-width":616,"1536x1536-height":585,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2.jpg","2048x2048-width":616,"2048x2048-height":585,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2.jpg","post_full_size-width":616,"post_full_size-height":585,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-flood2-442x420.jpg","home_baner-width":442,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Amos","chapter":"1","chapter_main_number":"519","date":"20270825","wall_id":"519"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":5,"id":"77046","color":"#f6edf6","size":"1","name":"The Prophet Amos ","post_title":"The Prophet Amos","slug":"the-prophet-amos","old_id":"77046","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":33877,"post_title":"Marc Bregman","slug":"marc-bregman","old_id":"33877","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Bregman","description":"Marc Bregman received his Ph.D. from The Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1991. He taught at the Hebrew Union College (Jerusalem), The Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the Schechter Institute for Judaic Studies in Jerusalem, and at the Ben-Gurion University in Beer Sheba, Israel. During 1993 he was Visiting Associate Professor at Yale University, and during 1996 he was the Stroum Professor of Jewish Studies and Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Washington in Seattle. During 2005, Bregman served as the Harry Starr Fellow in Judaica at Harvard University and was awarded a Teaching Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. He also has served as Forchheimer Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Humanities at The Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He is the author of The Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature: Studies in the Evolution of the Versions (Gorgias Press, 2003). In 2006, Bregman was appointed the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro, where he also headed the program in Jewish Studies, until 2013. Bregman retired from UNCG as of July 31, 2017. He has now returned to Jerusalem where he is continuing his research and teaching activities.","credit":"","image_url":"","short_description":"Marc Bregman is the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies emeritus, at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro.","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":33878,"alt":"Marc Bregman","title":"Marc Bregman","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","width":361,"height":488,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-222x300.jpg","medium-width":222,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","medium_large-width":361,"medium_large-height":488,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","large-width":361,"large-height":488,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","1536x1536-width":361,"1536x1536-height":488,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","2048x2048-width":361,"2048x2048-height":488,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","post_full_size-width":361,"post_full_size-height":488,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-311x420.jpg","home_baner-width":311,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"519","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Sheep breeder, dresser of sycamores, stutterer, ethical monotheist\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

Amos, the third book of the Twelve \u201cMinor\u201d Prophets, begins with a descriptive superscription: \u201cThe words of Amos, a sheep breeder from Tekoa, who prophesied concerning Israel in the reigns of Kings Uzziah of Judah and Jeroboam son of Joash of Israel, two years before the earthquake\u201d (1:1). This verse places the Prophet Amos in Judah in the 8<\/span>th<\/span> century BCE. That Amos is described as a \u201csheep breeder\u201d<\/span> from a village just south of Jerusalem, suggests that before becoming a prophet, Amos was an agriculturalist (see also 7:14) rather than an intellectual. Contemporary Biblical scholarship dates Amos as chronologically proceeding the prophecies preserved in the other prophetic books, though they come before in the traditional order of the books of the Hebrew Bible.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Curiously, Jewish tradition regards Amos as having had a speech defect like Moses (see Exodus 4:10). Leviticus Rabbah 10:2 and parallels preserve the following midrashic narrative of how Amos received his prophetic calling. Isaiah said: I was in my study-house, when I heard the voice of the Holy One saying: \u201cWhom shall I send? Who will go for us?\u201d (Isaiah 6:8). I sent Micah, but they struck him on the cheek, as it is written: \u201cWith a staff they strike on the cheek\u201d (Micah 4:14).\u00a0 I sent Amos, but they called him \u2018stammerer\u2019 (<\/span>pessilosa<\/span><\/em>\u2019 \u2013<\/span><\/i> Aramaic, from Greek <\/span>Psellos<\/span><\/em>). They said: Did the Holy One, blessed be He, have no one on which to settle His Shekhinah (Divine Presence) but on this tongue-tied stammerer?! Rabbi Pinchas said: Why was he called Amos? Because he was \u201claden of tongue\u201d (<\/span>amus bi-lshono<\/span><\/em>). <\/span><\/i><\/p>\r\n

(Rashi to Amos 7:14 finds evidence of Amos\u2019s speech impediment in his having described himself as a <\/span>boles shiqmim<\/em> <\/span>(\u201cdresser of sycamore figs\u201d) when he meant to say <\/span>bolesh shiqmim<\/em> <\/span>(\u201cinspector of sycamore figs\u201d). This suggests that Amos exhibited, in contemporary clinical terminology, \u201cpalatal fronting\u201d in his pronouncing \u201csh\u201d as \u201cs\u201d).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Since the end of the 19th century, it has been asserted that \u201cAmos lays down, for the first time, the principles of a pure ethical monotheism\u201d (E.E. Atkinson, 1889).\u00a0 The words of Amos are regarded as the first Biblical prophecies to have been recorded in written form. In terms of literary style, \u201cAmos has always been admired for the purity of his language, his beauty of diction, and his poetic art\u201d. This is illustrated from the opening of his first recorded prophecy, which begins with a powerful and memorable audio-visual depiction: \u201cThe Lord roars from Zion. He shouts aloud from Jerusalem\u201d (Amos 1:2).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Image: Gustav Dor\u00e9, The Prophet Amos, Dor\u00e9's English Bible, 1866 \/ wikimedia<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":77047,"alt":"","title":"amos1-amos - dore","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore.jpg","width":474,"height":599,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore-237x300.jpg","medium-width":237,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore.jpg","medium_large-width":474,"medium_large-height":599,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore.jpg","large-width":474,"large-height":599,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore.jpg","1536x1536-width":474,"1536x1536-height":599,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore.jpg","2048x2048-width":474,"2048x2048-height":599,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore.jpg","post_full_size-width":474,"post_full_size-height":599,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore-332x420.jpg","home_baner-width":332,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"The Prophet Amos","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Sheep breeder, dresser of sycamores, stutterer, ethical monotheist","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":77047,"alt":"","title":"amos1-amos - dore","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore.jpg","width":474,"height":599,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore-237x300.jpg","medium-width":237,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore.jpg","medium_large-width":474,"medium_large-height":599,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore.jpg","large-width":474,"large-height":599,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore.jpg","1536x1536-width":474,"1536x1536-height":599,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore.jpg","2048x2048-width":474,"2048x2048-height":599,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore.jpg","post_full_size-width":474,"post_full_size-height":599,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-amos-dore-332x420.jpg","home_baner-width":332,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Amos","chapter":"1","chapter_main_number":"519","date":"20270825","wall_id":"519"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":6,"id":"77040","color":"#e6f5f3","size":"1","name":"Amos: Carrying The Burden ","post_title":"Amos: Carrying The Burden","slug":"amos-carrying-the-burden","old_id":"77040","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":76938,"post_title":"Miriam Szafranski","slug":"miriam-szafranski","old_id":"76938","first_name":"Miriam ","last_name":"Szafranski ","description":"Miriam Szafranski teaches Tanakh at SAR High School and lives in Riverdale, and has never missed a day of 929 so far (bh) even insisting on completing the Perek when in labor with her son.\r\n","short_description":"Miriam Szafranski teaches Tanakh at SAR High School and lives in Riverdale. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":76939,"alt":"","title":"Miriam Khukhashvili","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Miriam-Khukhashvili.jpg","width":996,"height":1791,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Miriam-Khukhashvili-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Miriam-Khukhashvili-167x300.jpg","medium-width":167,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Miriam-Khukhashvili-569x1024.jpg","medium_large-width":569,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Miriam-Khukhashvili-569x1024.jpg","large-width":569,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Miriam-Khukhashvili.jpg","1536x1536-width":854,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Miriam-Khukhashvili.jpg","2048x2048-width":996,"2048x2048-height":1791,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Miriam-Khukhashvili-667x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":667,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Miriam-Khukhashvili-234x420.jpg","home_baner-width":234,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"519","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"A leader who was not to the manor born\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

As we are introduced to Amos the prophet, the 3rd of our \u201cminor\u201d prophets, it\u2019s interesting to note how his name (as if often the case with prophets) reflects his role. The name Amos means \u201ca load\u201d or \u201cto carry a load\u201d as if the prophet\u2019s role in carrying the repentance of the Jewish people on his back is tied up in his very essence.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Amos is the only one of our minor prophets whose job is specified in their introduction. He is a herdsman, a simple man and not a prophet by trade. Yet, his name means to carry the load. Even if he was a regular working man, he was tasked with the role of carrying the people towards repentance. Taking upon the \u201cload\u201d of responsibility to care for others, to look out for the spiritual well being of our fellow Jews is not a role that only goes to the leaders. It can go to the simple everyday man: the doctor, the lawyer, the herdsman. All those can carry the burden of the Jewish people on their backs too.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This idea is essential to the teachings of Chassidut, spread by the movement\u2019s founder Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov. Prophecy, Torah, conversations with God are things that are not exclusively accessible to the scholarly, spiritual elite. \u201cThe wholesome simplicity of the simple Jew touches on the utterly simple essence of God\u201d in the writings of the Baal Shem Tov. This idea is expressed by the notion of a \u201cpintele yid<\/em>\u201d (the \u201clittle \u2018dot\u2019 of the Jew, the \"quintessential, core Jew\u201d). The Chassidic movement was essentially a response to the ideals of the time of the learned Yeshiva student being the best representative of a \u201cTorah Jew\u201d. Chassidut teaches that every Jew is a Torah Jew and has something to offer the larger collective of our people.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Torah often lets us know the simple professions of our greatest leaders. Moses and David were both shepherds before they began their journeys as great leaders. It is not the most powerful, the richest or the strongest who are asked to carry the load of the people on their backs. In fact Amos himself later states in chapter 7 \"I am neither a prophet nor the son of a prophet, but I am a cattle herder and an inspector of sycamores (verse 14).\u201d He is an everyday man. And it is the everyday man, the \u201csimple\u201d Jew, who is stronger than they will ever realize.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":77041,"alt":"","title":"amos1-burden","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden.png","width":975,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden-229x300.png","medium-width":229,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden-768x1008.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":1008,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden-780x1024.png","large-width":780,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden.png","1536x1536-width":975,"1536x1536-height":1280,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden.png","2048x2048-width":975,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden-914x1200.png","post_full_size-width":914,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden-320x420.png","home_baner-width":320,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Amos: Carrying The Burden","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"A leader who was not to the manor born","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":77041,"alt":"","title":"amos1-burden","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden.png","width":975,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden-229x300.png","medium-width":229,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden-768x1008.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":1008,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden-780x1024.png","large-width":780,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden.png","1536x1536-width":975,"1536x1536-height":1280,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden.png","2048x2048-width":975,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden-914x1200.png","post_full_size-width":914,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/amos1-burden-320x420.png","home_baner-width":320,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Amos","chapter":"1","chapter_main_number":"519","date":"20270825","wall_id":"519"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":7,"id":"77029","color":"#e0e9ef","size":"1","name":"Who Are You Amos? ","post_title":"Who Are You Amos?","slug":"who-are-you-amos","old_id":"77029","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34243,"post_title":"Moshe Sokolow","slug":"moshe-sokolow","old_id":"34243","first_name":"Moshe","last_name":"Sokolow","description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University, and teaches a weekly class in parashat hashavu`a at Lincoln Square Synagogue. He is the author of TANAKH: An Owner\u2019s Manual (Jerusalem: Urim\/Ktav, 2015).\r\n\r\n","short_description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34244,"alt":"","title":"sokolow","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","width":302,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow-300x298.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":298,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","medium_large-width":302,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","large-width":302,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","1536x1536-width":302,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","2048x2048-width":302,"2048x2048-height":300,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","post_full_size-width":302,"post_full_size-height":300,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","home_baner-width":302,"home_baner-height":300}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"519","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Your business card raises more questions than it answers\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

The opening verse of the Book of Amos introduces him as follows: \u201cThe words of Amos, who was among the sheep breeders (noqdim<\/em>) from Tekoa, who prophesied concerning Israel in the reigns of Kings Uzziah of Judah and Jeroboam son of Joash of Israel, two years before the earthquake.\u201d Nearly every segment of this verse has yielded multiple interpretations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Were <\/span>noqdim<\/em> <\/span>specifically sheep breeders (see 2 Kings 3:4) or also herdsmen of cattle (see Amos 7:14)? Was Tekoa situated in Judah (2 Chronicles 11:6, in the vicinity of Bethlehem), or was it the Tekoa lauded by the Mishnah for its fine olive oil (Menachot 5:3), which was situated in the Galilee? Either way (Amos is identified with kings of both Judah and Israel), should it be understood as \u201cAmos, of Tekoa, was among the herdsmen,\u201d or \u201cAmos, one of the herdsmen, was from Tekoa\u201d?\u00a0 Finally, when the text uses the past tense to identify Amos as one who \u201cwas\u201d (<\/span>hayah<\/span><\/em>) of the herdsmen, is it implying that he ceased that profession upon commencing his prophecy, or does his own reference to his profession in the present tense (7:14) rule that out?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

And what about \u201cthe noise\u201d (ra`ash<\/em>), universally recognized as a biblical synonym for an earthquake; which earthquake did he precede by two years? Rashi identified it with the earthquake during the reign of King Uzziah of Judah when, as interpreted by the Midrash, he sought to offer incense in the Temple. That, he noted, would place Amos prior to Isaiah whose prophetic career was launched by that very episode (see Isaiah 6:1). See our <\/span>comments on Hosea Chapter 1<\/span><\/a>, in which we observed that the somewhat awkward usage, \u201cWhen the Lord first spoke to Hosea\u201d (1:2) led the Talmud to proclaim Hosea the \u201cfirst\u201d of four contemporaries (Baba Batra 14b). Later scholarship declared Amos second, Isaiah third, and Micah last.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In any case, that earthquake was memorable enough that many years later the Prophet Zechariah invoked it as a paradigm of God\u2019s mighty wonders to be displayed in the eschatological future: \u201cAnd the valley in the hills shall be stopped up, for the valley of the hills shall reach only to Azal; it shall be stopped up as it was stopped up as a result of the earthquake in the days of King Uzziah of Judah\u2014and the LORD my God, with all the holy beings, will come to you\u201d (14:5).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":77031,"alt":"","title":"amos1-business 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Amos Show ","post_title":"The Amos Show","slug":"the-amos-show","old_id":"77049","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":48616,"post_title":"Yair Bernstein","slug":"yair-bernstein","old_id":"48616","first_name":"Yair ","last_name":"Bernstein ","description":"Yair Bernstein currently serves as a Shaliach of the World Zionist Organization to a school in Chicago, where he teaches, together with his wife, Hebrew and Jewish Studies. He holds an M.A. in Bible Studies from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem","short_description":"Yair Bernstein currently serves as a Shaliach of the World Zionist Organization to a school in Chicago.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":48617,"alt":"","title":"Yair Bernstein","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Yair-Bernstein-e1549021062921.jpg","width":248,"height":256,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Yair-Bernstein-e1549021062921-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Yair-Bernstein-240x300.jpg","medium-width":240,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Yair-Bernstein-e1549021062921.jpg","medium_large-width":248,"medium_large-height":256,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Yair-Bernstein-e1549021062921.jpg","large-width":248,"large-height":256,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Yair-Bernstein-e1549021062921.jpg","1536x1536-width":248,"1536x1536-height":256,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Yair-Bernstein-e1549021062921.jpg","2048x2048-width":248,"2048x2048-height":256,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Yair-Bernstein-e1549021062921.jpg","post_full_size-width":248,"post_full_size-height":256,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Yair-Bernstein-e1549021062921.jpg","home_baner-width":248,"home_baner-height":256}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"519","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The city gates turn silent. People are confused, wondering if they heard correctly.\u00a0","post_main_content_content":"

When I was working toward my MA in Bible Studies at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, I took a course about the prophet Amos. It was the first prophetic text I studied in a course and I was excited to uncover the layers of the text. I was fortunate to have Dr. Nili Wazana as my professor. Throughout the course, Wazana took us on a journey to discover the beauty of this prophetic text, the meaning of it, and the tragedy of the person Amos, who tried and failed to warn the people of Israel of the ramifications of their actions. In our turbulent days, there is nothing more fitting than going back to the Prophet of Social Justice and reading his words.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Chapters 1 and 2 in the book of Amos, can not really be divided into two separate parts. The opening of the book of Amos is a work of beauty where Amos demonstrates his skills in public speaking. I can just imagine him standing at the gates of Beit-El, leaning on his shepherd\u2019s staff, looking at the people coming in and out of the city, and then he starts, with a loud and clear voice: \u201cThus said the LORD: For three transgressions of Damascus, For four, I will not revoke it\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cBut these are our enemies!\u201d the people of Israel would exclaim to each other. \u201cGod will punish our enemies!\u201d others would say \u201cWhat wonderful news!\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

His crowd grows as he describes the punishment and predicts the destruction of each one of the nations that surround Israel. The people are excited, pushing each other to get a better look and hear the wise words of the Prophet Amos. But then, as his listeners are about to rejoice because of the incredible news that they are hearing, Amos reaches his main idea \u201cThus said the LORD: For three transgressions of Israel, For four, I will not revoke it.\u201d The city gates turn silent. People are confused, wondering if they heard correctly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

And they did. Amos then goes on to describe in detail throughout the book all of the wrongdoings that the people are perpetrating. Namely, social sins that will lead ultimately to the destruction of the Kingdom of Israel.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

That was probably quite a show.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"The Amos Show","tile_main_caption":"\"For three transgressions of Israel, For four, I will not revoke it.\u201d The city gates turn silent. People are confused, wondering if they heard correctly.\u00a0","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Amos","chapter":"1","chapter_main_number":"519","date":"20270825","wall_id":"519"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":9,"id":"77022","color":"#f7f7f5","size":"1","name":"Crimes Against Humanity ","post_title":"Crimes Against Humanity","slug":"crimes-against-humanity","old_id":"77022","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":54356,"post_title":"Robert Alter","slug":"robert-alter","old_id":"54356","first_name":"Robert ","last_name":"Alter","description":"Robert Alter is the Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, where he has taught since 1967. He has written over twenty books, focusing on such topics as the European novel from the 18th century to the present, contemporary American fiction, and modern Hebrew literature. He has also written extensively on the literary aspects of the Bible. His most recent work is his monumental three volume translation of the entire Hebrew Bible - The Hebrew Bible, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019 - from which the selections in 929 are taken. ","short_description":"Robert Alter is the Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, and author of the three-volume translation of the entire Hebrew Bible - The Hebrew Bible, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":54357,"alt":"","title":"robert alter","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","width":184,"height":275,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","medium-width":184,"medium-height":275,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","medium_large-width":184,"medium_large-height":275,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","large-width":184,"large-height":275,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","1536x1536-width":184,"1536x1536-height":275,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","2048x2048-width":184,"2048x2048-height":275,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","post_full_size-width":184,"post_full_size-height":275,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","home_baner-width":184,"home_baner-height":275}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"519","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"A hypnotic drumbeat of atrocities\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

1:3 \u201c\u2018Thus said the LORD: For three trespasses of Damascus and for four I will not turn it back --for their threshing Gilead with iron threshing boards.\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In context, <\/span>pesha\u2019aim<\/em> <\/span>(\u201ctrespasses\u201d)<\/span> means something like \u201catrocities\u201d or \u201ccrimes against humanity,\u201d but this translation respects the stylistic decorum of the Hebrew, which hews to general terms that may take on a distinctive coloration according to context. There are neither three nor four trespasses listed here that a reader can count. Rather, this is a common biblical idiom, occurring several times in Proverbs, with the sense, \u201ca certain few, and even one more.\u201d Because the three and four together add up to a formulaic seven, some have proposed that they indicate a totality. There is no way of knowing whether these dire prophecies about the surrounding nations were actually the beginning of Amos\u2019s messages, but they certainly would have provided a means of drawing in the Israelite audience with something they wanted to hear before the prophet launched on a denunciation of that very audience. The formulaic repetition of these lines for one nation after another generates a kind of hypnotic drumbeat.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

From: Robert Alter, The Hebrew Bible<\/em>, vol. 2: Prophets, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019, ad loc. By permission of the author.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":54890,"alt":"","title":"Alter-Cover","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","width":1200,"height":693,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-300x173.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":173,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-768x444.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":444,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1024x591.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":591,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":693,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":693,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1200x693.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":693,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-727x420.jpg","home_baner-width":727,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"From Robert Alter's Bible Translation and Commentary","tile_main_caption":"Crimes Against Humanity","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"A hypnotic drumbeat of atrocities","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":54890,"alt":"","title":"Alter-Cover","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","width":1200,"height":693,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-300x173.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":173,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-768x444.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":444,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1024x591.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":591,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":693,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":693,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1200x693.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":693,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-727x420.jpg","home_baner-width":727,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Amos","chapter":"1","chapter_main_number":"519","date":"20270825","wall_id":"519"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":10,"id":"77024","color":"#f7e9e9","size":"1","name":"Points to Ponder - 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    \r\n\t
  1. The time<\/em>. Amos prophesied at the height of the kingdom of Israel. The reign of Jeroboam son of Joash (788 - 749 BCE, and especially in the period before the great earthquake, which happened around 760 BCE) was a time of staggering political and economic success. There is cooperation and excellent relations with the kingdom of Judah, under the leadership of Uzziah. There is no external threat on the northern border. And there is an impressive expansion of the borders, for Jeroboam was \u201che who restored the territory of Israel from Lebo-hamath to the sea of the Arabah\u201d (2 Kings 14:25). It was really a golden age - almost like returning to the kingship of Solomon.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  2. More about the time<\/em>. Amos is the first of all the prophets whose writings appear in the Tanach. He came before Isaiah in the kingdom of Judah, before Hosea in the kingdom of Israel. So if anything in the book sounds familiar to you, remember that not only was Amos the one who said it first, he was the first to dare and say anything.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  3. The place<\/em>. Amos comes from Judah to prophecy to the kingdom of Israel. He\u2019s a foreign prophet, as opposed to Hosea who was a native in Israel to whom he prophesied. What does that mean? Does it matter? We will figure it out as we go along.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  4. Two roars<\/em>. \u201cThe LORD roars from Zion, Shouts aloud from Jerusalem\u201d (verse 2). Only yesterday we heard this roar in Joel (chapter 4). There it accompanied the appearance of the LORD to the trial of the nations and the defense of Jerusalem. Here, the divine roar causes a hard drought in Israel. The similarity of these \u201croars\u201d sharpens the difference between the respective prophetic messages of Joel and of Amos.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  5. Historical riddle<\/em>. The \u201ctransgressions\u201d for which the neighboring kingdoms will be punished tells of the history of relations between them, and the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. What happened and when? It\u2019s a puzzlement for the researchers and commentators.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>","post_main_content_image":{"id":53645,"alt":"","title":"general-qs-points to ponder","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder.jpg","width":1920,"height":603,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder-300x94.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":94,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder-768x241.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":241,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder-1024x322.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":322,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":482,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":603,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder-1200x377.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":377,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder-1337x420.jpg","home_baner-width":1337,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Amos 1","tile_main_caption":"Points to Ponder","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Insights and questions for personal reflection and group discussion","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":53645,"alt":"","title":"general-qs-points to ponder","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder.jpg","width":1920,"height":603,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder-300x94.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":94,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder-768x241.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":241,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder-1024x322.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":322,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":482,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":603,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder-1200x377.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":377,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/general-qs-points-to-ponder-1337x420.jpg","home_baner-width":1337,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Amos","chapter":"1","chapter_main_number":"519","date":"20270825","wall_id":"519"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":11,"id":"77014","color":"#effaea","size":"1","name":"Sefaria Source Sheets - Amos 1 ","post_title":"Sefaria Source Sheets - Amos 1","slug":"sefaria-source-sheets-amos-1","old_id":"77014","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":42228,"post_title":"Sefaria","slug":"sefaria","old_id":"42228","first_name":"","last_name":"Sefaria","description":"Sefaria is a non-profit organization dedicated to building the future of Jewish learning in an open and participatory way. 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    \u201cThe Dream of MLK and the Message of Amos\u201d<\/a> by Tavi Koslowe: Amos\u2019s message of justice, righteousness, and kindness.<\/p>\r\n

    \u201cFighting Wars Well: Some Basic Themes\u201d<\/a> by Alex Ozar: Looking at sources on how to be successful in war.\u00a0<\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Go deeper into the chapter....","tile_main_caption":"Source Sheets - Amos 1","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Links to learning resources","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":42232,"alt":"","title":"sefaria-words-sunburst","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","width":608,"height":395,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-300x195.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":195,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","medium_large-width":608,"medium_large-height":395,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","large-width":608,"large-height":395,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","1536x1536-width":608,"1536x1536-height":395,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","2048x2048-width":608,"2048x2048-height":395,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","post_full_size-width":608,"post_full_size-height":395,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","home_baner-width":608,"home_baner-height":395}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"Sefaria word sunburst visualization","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Amos","chapter":"1","chapter_main_number":"519","date":"20270825","wall_id":"519"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false}],"hide_acf":true,"home_image":false,"home_posts":false,"home_posts_title":"","posts_home":[],"static_cube_title":"","static_cube_brief":"","static_cube_color":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall\/76710"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wall"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}