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Some two thousand years ago, during the era of the Hasmoneans, the menorah, became a prominent symbol of the eternity Jewish people and its connection to the land of Israel. \u00a0The staying power of the symbol is evidenced by the menorah outside the Knesset, with its detailed bronze reliefs depicting important Jewish events and personalities ranging from the Biblical period through the founding of the state of Israel. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The menorah\u2019s description in the Torah is also detailed, but surprisingly in its botanical design. All six of the outer <\/span>branches<\/span> were designed with \u201cthree cups shaped like <\/span>almond-blossoms<\/span>, each with <\/span>knobs <\/span>and <\/span>petals<\/span>.\u201d The middle branch contained four almond-blossoms also with the knobs and petals.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Commentaries throughout the ages have attempted to draw descriptions of the Menorah, were the branches curved, straight or bent in the middle? Where exactly were the calyxes? The only clue, perhaps, the relief on the arch of Titus in Rome depicting the Romans carrying the menorah in the period following the destruction of the Second Temple.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In the early 20<\/span>th<\/span> century botanists Ephraim and Hannah Hareuveni emigrated from Russia to Israel. They believed that the plants in the Torah could be found growing in Israel, and they began collecting and classifying Biblical plants. In their searches they noticed a resemblance between the Torah\u2019s description of the Menorah (branches, calyxes, petals, and cups) and an oily plant that grows in Israel called the salvia palaestina.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Their son Nogah Hareuveni writes that when the salvia is pressed it looks just like the Menorah, with three branches emerging from the central branch, and the knobs growing directly from the stem and branches.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Following the description of the menorah Moses is told \u201cnote well and follow the patterns that you see on the mountain.\u201d The Talmud in tractate Menachot writes that Moses didn\u2019t understand the design of the Menorah, so God showed him a picture of it in fire. If the menorah\u2019s design reflects a plant that is endemic to Israel, then Moses would have never seen one, and found its design incomprehensible.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

After reading of Reuveni\u2019s discovery I am also no longer perplexed by the Menorah\u2019s design, but I am searching for a pressed salvia palaestina to display as my \u201cHanukkah bush\u201d right next to my menorah.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Cover photo by Prof Avinoam Denin:<\/span> http:\/\/flora.org.il\/en\/books\/plant-stories-2\/chapter-n\/useful_plants_n1<\/span><\/a><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":42543,"alt":"","title":"50511-268x400","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400.jpeg","width":268,"height":400,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400-150x150.jpeg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400-201x300.jpeg","medium-width":201,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400.jpeg","medium_large-width":268,"medium_large-height":400,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400.jpeg","large-width":268,"large-height":400,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400.jpeg","1536x1536-width":268,"1536x1536-height":400,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400.jpeg","2048x2048-width":268,"2048x2048-height":400,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400.jpeg","post_full_size-width":268,"post_full_size-height":400,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400.jpeg","home_baner-width":268,"home_baner-height":400}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"A Real Hanukkah Bush!","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Salvia palaestina - the Menorah plant - in Jewish art, worship and history","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":42543,"alt":"","title":"50511-268x400","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400.jpeg","width":268,"height":400,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400-150x150.jpeg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400-201x300.jpeg","medium-width":201,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400.jpeg","medium_large-width":268,"medium_large-height":400,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400.jpeg","large-width":268,"large-height":400,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400.jpeg","1536x1536-width":268,"1536x1536-height":400,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400.jpeg","2048x2048-width":268,"2048x2048-height":400,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400.jpeg","post_full_size-width":268,"post_full_size-height":400,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/50511-268x400.jpeg","home_baner-width":268,"home_baner-height":400}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"Cover photo by Prof Avinoam Denin: http:\/\/flora.org.il\/en\/books\/plant-stories-2\/chapter-n\/useful_plants_n1\/","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","links":false,"send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Exodus","chapter":"25","chapter_main_number":"75","date":"20251211","wall_id":"75"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"360","name":"Nature\/Environment","old_id":"760"},{"term_id":"672","name":"Menorah","old_id":"1072"}]},{"order":4,"id":"44703","color":"#effaea","size":"1","name":"God Is Not A Consumerist ","post_title":"God Is Not A Consumerist","slug":"god-is-not-a-consumerist","old_id":"44703","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":42890,"post_title":"Jeff Amshalem","slug":"jeff-amshalem","old_id":"42890","first_name":"Jeff ","last_name":"Amshalem ","description":"Jeff Amshalem is a Senior Educator at Ayeka (Ayeka.org.il) and also leads a soulful parenting group and a series on mindfulness and personal growth using the teachings of Rav Kook and Abraham Joshua Heschel. 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He lives with his wife and three children in beautiful Yeruham, Israel, where you are all invited to come visit.","short_description":"Jeff Amshalem is a Senior Educator at Ayeka, and is working on his PhD in Jewish Thought at Ben-Gurion University","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":42891,"alt":"","title":"jeff amshalem","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jeff-amshalem-e1540547748350.jpg","width":169,"height":153,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jeff-amshalem-e1540547748350-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jeff-amshalem-e1540547748350.jpg","medium-width":169,"medium-height":153,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jeff-amshalem-e1540547748350.jpg","medium_large-width":169,"medium_large-height":153,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jeff-amshalem-e1540547748350.jpg","large-width":169,"large-height":153,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jeff-amshalem-e1540547748350.jpg","1536x1536-width":169,"1536x1536-height":153,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jeff-amshalem-e1540547748350.jpg","2048x2048-width":169,"2048x2048-height":153,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jeff-amshalem-e1540547748350.jpg","post_full_size-width":169,"post_full_size-height":153,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jeff-amshalem-e1540547748350.jpg","home_baner-width":169,"home_baner-height":153}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"99","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Thoughts on the sacrificial cult and the approaching holiday of Hanukkah","post_main_content_content":"

I remember when I first came to Israel, I was so struck by the difference in the way Israelis celebrate holidays, both religious and civil. I think I've been to one Veterans Day event in America, but I've been to plenty of Veterans Day (and Memorial Day, and Labor Day) sales. If you know Israeli culture at all, you know how unimaginable it would be for a family to skip a memorial so they could save big at the mall (assuming there was a sale at the mall, which there wouldn't be). And after years of seeing the winter holiday season kicked off by Black Friday, followed by a blitz of commercialism, I was elated at the sweet and simple way Israelis celebrate Hanukkah -- passing out sufganiot to strangers on the street or coming to see the lights in our old neighborhood of Nachlaot (highly recommended, by the way). So it was with very mixed feelings that I saw that \"Bleck Friday<\/em>\" has come to Israel. Nothing against sales, but we know where this leads.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Today\u2019s chapter has what to say about it, too. As the Israelites celebrate the inauguration of the Tabernacle, all of their gifts are to God, and the chapter ends with God\u2019s accepting those gifts \u2013 by burning them to ashes. God, apparently, is not a consumerist. The real stuff of holidays can\u2019t be bought, it can only be given in selfless devotion.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In America, Hanukkah has often been understood in terms of winning the fight for religious freedom against an intolerant majority, and in Israel it\u2019s been seen as a celebration of the Jews\u2019 new military prowess against our enemies. I think in both places the message should become a celebration of the enduring power of the spirit and of selfless love for God and one another, against the common enemy of materialism and consumerism. So I\u2019m asking myself this year, how do I celebrate Hanukkah \u2013 for myself, for my children, for my neighbors \u2013 in such a way? <\/span><\/p>\r\n

If we can hold against what seems to be a relentless march towards consumerism, that really will be a miracle worth celebrating.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":76433,"alt":"","title":"hos9-gift","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift.jpg","width":1920,"height":1920,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift-1024x1024.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1920,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift-1200x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"God Is Not A Consumerist","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Thoughts on the sacrificial cult and the approaching holiday of Hanukkah","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":76433,"alt":"","title":"hos9-gift","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift.jpg","width":1920,"height":1920,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift-1024x1024.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1920,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift-1200x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/hos9-gift-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Leviticus","chapter":"9","chapter_main_number":"99","date":"20260114","wall_id":"99"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"387","name":"Sacrifice","old_id":"787"},{"term_id":"516","name":"Holidays","old_id":"916"},{"term_id":"735","name":"Gift","old_id":"1135"}]},{"order":5,"id":"119061","color":"#f6edf6","size":"1","name":"Babel, Tyre, Judah","post_title":"Babel, Tyre, Judah","slug":"babel-tyre-judah","old_id":"119061","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":78133,"post_title":"Josh Blechner","slug":"josh-blechner","old_id":"78133","first_name":"Josh ","last_name":"Blechner ","description":"Josh first finished the Tanach during Yeshiva in Mevaseret Zion. 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In the third and final chapter concerning Tyre, Ezekiel aims straight for the top: the prince and ruler of Tyre. Ezekiel accuses the ruler of being so self-consumed that he neglected God and believed that he was above God:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Because you have been so haughty and have said, \u2018I am a god; I sit enthroned like a god in the heart of the seas,\u2019 whereas you are not a god but a human, though you deemed your mind equal to a god\u2019s (verse 2).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This admonishment seems like a reference to the Tower of Babel back in Genesis. Thinking they were greater than the Almighty, the people of old Babylon decided to build a tower to the heavens to attack God. In the end though, God knocked down their tower and spread them across the Earth.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This reference also fits the end of the chapter where Ezekiel alludes to another story from Genesis, the Garden of Eden.\u00a0 There, Adam and Eve ate from the tree, contravening a direct commandment from God. In some ways, their actions could be seen as also based on a belief that they were better than God because they went against God\u2019s direct commandment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This could also be taken as a lesson for Judah. When the people transgress a commandment from God they are essentially acting as if they know better than God. When they practice idol worship they are acting as though they are greater than God by creating other gods to replace God. Ezekiel\u2019s message is that no one is greater than God. Not the ancient Babylonians, not Tyre, and certainly not the people of Judah.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":102170,"alt":"","title":"-62115183cc802--62115183cc803gen11-tower-of-babel.png","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/02\/62115183cc802-62115183cc803gen11-tower-of-babel.png.png","width":1280,"height":1081,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/02\/62115183cc802-62115183cc803gen11-tower-of-babel.png-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/02\/62115183cc802-62115183cc803gen11-tower-of-babel.png-300x253.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":253,"medium_large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/02\/62115183cc802-62115183cc803gen11-tower-of-babel.png-768x649.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":649,"large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/02\/62115183cc802-62115183cc803gen11-tower-of-babel.png-1024x865.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":865,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/02\/62115183cc802-62115183cc803gen11-tower-of-babel.png.png","1536x1536-width":1280,"1536x1536-height":1081,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/02\/62115183cc802-62115183cc803gen11-tower-of-babel.png.png","2048x2048-width":1280,"2048x2048-height":1081,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/02\/62115183cc802-62115183cc803gen11-tower-of-babel.png-1200x1013.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":1013,"home_baner":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/02\/62115183cc802-62115183cc803gen11-tower-of-babel.png-497x420.png","home_baner-width":497,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Babel, 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The Deified King Down To Size\u00a0 ","post_title":"Cutting The Deified King Down To Size\u00a0","slug":"cutting-the-deified-king-down-to-size","old_id":"74656","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":38322,"post_title":"James A. Diamond","slug":"james-a-diamond","old_id":"38322","first_name":"James ","last_name":"Diamond ","description":"Prof. James A. Diamond holds the Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Chair of Jewish Studies at the University of Waterloo. His most recent book is \u201cJewish Theology Unbound\u201d published by Oxford University Press. ","short_description":"Prof. James A. Diamond holds the Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Chair of Jewish Studies at the University of Waterloo.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":38323,"alt":"","title":"James Diamond","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","width":1186,"height":1386,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-257x300.jpg","medium-width":257,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-768x898.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":898,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-876x1024.jpg","large-width":876,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","1536x1536-width":1186,"1536x1536-height":1386,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","2048x2048-width":1186,"2048x2048-height":1386,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-1027x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":1027,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-359x420.jpg","home_baner-width":359,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"480","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The two sides of the Tyre\/Israel divide\r\n\r\n\u00a0","post_main_content_content":"

Ezekiel opens chapter 28 by censuring Tyre\u2019s royalty for the extreme arrogance of self-deification, for \u201cyou have said \u2018I am a god\u2019\u201d (v.2), reflecting a feature endemic to ancient Near Eastern cultures whose kings were considered divine. The Egyptian Pharaohs for example were thought to descend from their pagan deities. Political corrosion compounds its abhorrent pagan theology. The state and its population are there to worship and promote the interests of king and, therefore the deified king easily becomes a tyrannical oppressor rather than a public servant. Deuteronomy\u2019s unique law of the king (Deut. 17) which prohibits the king from accumulating gold and silver, horses, and wives - i.e. empowerment through wealth, armaments, and alliances - precisely prevent the king from becoming an all-powerful despot.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Though Ezekiel prophesies an ignominious end for Tyre\u2019s prince at the \u201chands of strangers.\u201d (v.9), he concludes the chapter predicting a bright future for the Israelites who will be repatriated to their homeland from the diaspora. The two prophecies bracket the chapter, inviting us to contrast Tyre\u2019s and Israel\u2019s destinies. Yet there is a profoundly subtle symmetry between the two suggesting a deeper theological and political message.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Tyre\u2019s ruler proclaims \u201cI sit in the seat of God\u201d, that is he claims a divine throne, while Israel is destined to \u201csit on their own soil\u201d (25). Israel thus understands its place and limitations on earth as opposed to Tyre\u2019s king who believes he occupies the heavens. Tyre\u2019s prince dedicates his skills to increase <\/span>his <\/span><\/i>wealth and inflate <\/span>his<\/span><\/i> treasuries while Israel as a collective will \u201cbuild houses and plant vineyards.\u201d (26) Tyre\u2019s self-aggrandizing delusions will be terminated by an onslaught of \u201cstrangers\u201d who will strike down Tyre\u2019s king (7,10) while Israel\u2019s future follows a reverse direction back to their land from dispersion and subjugation to other nations (25). Israel will \u201csit\u201d securely on its land (26) while Tyre\u2019s human \u2018god\u2019 will be \u201cbrought down to the Pit \u201d (8). The term \u2018Pit\u2019 (<\/span>shachat)<\/span><\/i> appears often as a synonym for the netherworld (eg Ps. 16:10). Thus, he is dethroned from his seat above all other living human beings and plunged to the very depths beneath them.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Finally, the prophecy moves from the social\/political to the spiritual ramifications of the Tyre\/Israel divide. Those \u201cstrangers\u201d literally \u2018desecrate\u2019 Tyre\u2019s monarch culminating in bringing down to earth the one who thought himself a deity: \u201cYou will be proven a man and not a God at the hand of those who desecrate you.\u201d (v.9). The root of the term desecrate (<\/span>chalal<\/span><\/i>) bears assonance with the terms signifying his previous wealth\/strength (<\/span>cheyl-v.4,5<\/span><\/i>) and the corpse he will become (<\/span>chalal-v.8<\/span><\/i>), dashing his sense of immortality. In direct contrast, Israel\u2019s collective nation building will \u201csanctify\u201d God (25) and lead other nations to \u201cknow\u201d God as the Lord (26). In other words, the deified tyrant whose subjects are instruments for his personal glory ends in desecration while the community that comes together to build a homeland for the benefit of all ends in sanctification.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":74657,"alt":"","title":"ez28-king","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king.png","width":838,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king-196x300.png","medium-width":196,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king-670x1024.png","medium_large-width":670,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king-670x1024.png","large-width":670,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king.png","1536x1536-width":838,"1536x1536-height":1280,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king.png","2048x2048-width":838,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king-786x1200.png","post_full_size-width":786,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king-275x420.png","home_baner-width":275,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Cutting The Deified King Down To Size\u00a0","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"The two sides of the Tyre\/Israel divide \u00a0","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":74657,"alt":"","title":"ez28-king","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king.png","width":838,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king-196x300.png","medium-width":196,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king-670x1024.png","medium_large-width":670,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king-670x1024.png","large-width":670,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king.png","1536x1536-width":838,"1536x1536-height":1280,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king.png","2048x2048-width":838,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king-786x1200.png","post_full_size-width":786,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-king-275x420.png","home_baner-width":275,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Ezekiel","chapter":"28","chapter_main_number":"480","date":"20270701","wall_id":"480"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":7,"id":"74639","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"2","name":"From Tyre to Sidon ","post_title":"From Tyre to Sidon","slug":"from-tyre-to-sidon","old_id":"74639","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34243,"post_title":"Moshe Sokolow","slug":"moshe-sokolow","old_id":"34243","first_name":"Moshe","last_name":"Sokolow","description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University, and teaches a weekly class in parashat hashavu`a at Lincoln Square Synagogue. 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The repetition of the revelation formula, \u201cThe word of the Lord came to me,\u201d divides our chapter neatly in three: 1-10, 11-19, and 20-26. The first two parts pertain to the impending destruction of Tyre. The first is a direct condemnation of the leader (<\/span>nagid<\/span><\/em>) of Tyre, who is described as arrogant and hubristic\u2014the same epithet, \u201cyou deemed your mind equal to a god\u2019s,\u201d appearing in both v. 2 and v.6. The second is directed at the king (<\/span>melekh<\/span><\/em>) of Tyre and comprises his past glory (12-15) followed by his disastrous punishment (16-19). The third part instructs the prophet to prophesy to Sidon, a sister-city to Tyre.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

As similar as the first two parts are structurally, there are substantive differences between them. The first regards their respective subjects. Moshe Greenberg, on the one hand, stated that \u201cThe term <\/span>nagid<\/span><\/em> is used here as a synonym of <\/span>melek<\/span><\/em> \u2018king\u2019 in the following oracle, 28:12, as it is in Psalms 76:13 (<\/span>ngydym<\/span><\/em>\/\/<\/span>mlky \u2018rs<\/span><\/em>)\u201d (Anchor Bible, <\/span>Ezekiel<\/span><\/i>, 572). Malbim, on the other hand, argued that:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

There is a difference between a <\/span>nagid<\/span><\/em> and a <\/span>melekh<\/span>. <\/span>Nagid<\/span><\/em> includes anyone appointed as a leader, such as \u201cleader of the House of God\u201d and \u201cleader of the treasury.\u201d David was designated a <\/span>nagid<\/span><\/em> prior to being vouchsafed a hereditary monarchy (2 Samuel 6:21 and 7:8), as were Saul (1 Samuel 9:16, 10:1) and Jeroboam (1 Kings 14:7) called <\/span>nagid<\/span><\/em> for this reason. This clarifies that the <\/span>nagid<\/span><\/em> of Tyre is not the king mentioned in v.12.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Another distinction between the first two parts is literary: the first is literal, while the second is figurative, reminiscent of the difference between Chapter 26, which was literal, and Chapter 27, which was figurative. In both, characters fall from grace, \u201cfrom prideful height to abased lowliness, from sanctity to profanation\u201d (Greenberg, 576).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Regarding part three, we encountered Sidon in Jeremiah 27:3\u2014along with Edom, Moab, Ammon, and Tyre\u2014as part of a coalition of small independent monarchies organized against the Babylonian threat by Zedekiah King of Judah. From Babylonian sources, we learn that Sidon fell to Nebuchadnezzar, but it is unclear whether it ever suffered the catastrophic fate foretold here by Ezekiel (see 29:17-21.)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Image: Boats at the citadel of Sidon. Colored lithograph by Louis Haghe after David Roberts, 1843 \/ wikimedia<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":74650,"alt":"","title":"ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon.jpg","width":800,"height":553,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon-300x207.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":207,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon-768x531.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":531,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon.jpg","large-width":800,"large-height":553,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon.jpg","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":553,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon.jpg","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":553,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon.jpg","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":553,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon-608x420.jpg","home_baner-width":608,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"From Tyre to Sidon","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Sister-cities in destruction","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":74650,"alt":"","title":"ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon.jpg","width":800,"height":553,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon-300x207.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":207,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon-768x531.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":531,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon.jpg","large-width":800,"large-height":553,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon.jpg","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":553,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon.jpg","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":553,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon.jpg","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":553,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-Boats_at_the_citadel_of_Sidon-608x420.jpg","home_baner-width":608,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Ezekiel","chapter":"28","chapter_main_number":"480","date":"20270701","wall_id":"480"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":8,"id":"74652","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"The Case Of The Missing Gemstones ","post_title":"The Case Of The Missing Gemstones","slug":"the-case-of-the-missing-gemstones","old_id":"74652","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":70715,"post_title":"Judry Subar","slug":"judry-subar","old_id":"70715","first_name":"Judry ","last_name":"Subar","description":"Judry Subar, who lives in Potomac, Maryland, spent most of his professional career as a lawyer with the federal government in Washington, DC. 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There sits Ezekiel in Babylon; yes, sometimes he lies down, sometimes he stands, and sometimes he even flies, but for now let\u2019s imagine him sitting in his study, working hard to draft Chapter 28 of his very own book. As he searches for themes, he pulls a Tanach from the bookshelf. Flipping through the volume he finds two ideas that meld into one. He reads early in Genesis about Eden and its garden. And he sees in Exodus 28:17-20 that the Children of Israel used a variety of precious stones to decorate the High Priest\u2019s fancy uniform. Maybe, he muses, he can fashion a midrash from the two stories.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In verse 13, he does just that. His words draw a picture of so many beautiful gems that must have been found in the Garden at the dawn of humanity, not just the two identified in Genesis 2:12. Ezekiel names nine of them; all nine are among the twelve precious stones that Exodus tells us were displayed by the High Priest. Thinking about the jewels lying on the floor of the Garden seems to evoke for Ezekiel an era of abundance and innocence whose existence is just a distant memory. But his recollection of the breastplate\u2019s stones, and the highly ordered world that they represent, inspires him to prophesy about divine anger.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

We might wonder, though, why three of the priestly breastplate\u2019s stones were left unlisted by Ezekiel. We learn in Exodus Rabbah 38:9 that the three holy gems not found in Ezekiel 28 are linked to the tribes of Dan, Naphtali, and Gad. We know from Jacob\u2019s blessings found in Genesis 49 that the identities of those three tribes were bound up with concepts of judicial action, speed, and military might, respectively. With those images of the three tribes in mind, we can see what they have in common. When a court sits in judgment, when a runner strains to break the tape at the end of a course, when an army marches toward victory, any wavering, any uncertainty, can undermine the attempt to achieve justice, victory, and conquest.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Perhaps by leaving out those symbols, Ezekiel is suggesting that as important an attribute as rational certitude might be, some doubt -- born, perhaps, of hazy dreams of a far-off past -- helps to soften an overly harsh and forbidding sense of the divine.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":74653,"alt":"","title":"ez28-gemstones","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones.jpg","width":630,"height":626,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones-300x298.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":298,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones.jpg","medium_large-width":630,"medium_large-height":626,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones.jpg","large-width":630,"large-height":626,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones.jpg","1536x1536-width":630,"1536x1536-height":626,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones.jpg","2048x2048-width":630,"2048x2048-height":626,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones.jpg","post_full_size-width":630,"post_full_size-height":626,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones-423x420.jpg","home_baner-width":423,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"The Case Of The Missing Gemstones","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Hinting at the importance of doubt amidst certainty","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":74653,"alt":"","title":"ez28-gemstones","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones.jpg","width":630,"height":626,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones-300x298.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":298,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones.jpg","medium_large-width":630,"medium_large-height":626,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones.jpg","large-width":630,"large-height":626,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones.jpg","1536x1536-width":630,"1536x1536-height":626,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones.jpg","2048x2048-width":630,"2048x2048-height":626,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones.jpg","post_full_size-width":630,"post_full_size-height":626,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez28-gemstones-423x420.jpg","home_baner-width":423,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Ezekiel","chapter":"28","chapter_main_number":"480","date":"20270701","wall_id":"480"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":9,"id":"119049","color":"#f6edf6","size":"1","name":"The Tanakh Podcast-Ezekiel28 ","post_title":"The Tanakh Podcast-Ezekiel28","slug":"the-tanakh-podcast-ezekiel28","old_id":"119049","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":33692,"post_title":"Alex Israel","slug":"33692-2","old_id":"33692","first_name":"Alex","last_name":"Israel","description":"Alex Israel teaches Tanakh at the Pardes Institute, Yeshivat Eretz Hatzvi and Matan, Jerusalem. 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28:2 \u201c\u2018Man, say to the prince of Tyre, Thus said the Master, the LORD: Inasmuch as your heart was haughty and you said, \u2018I am a god, enthroned like a god. I have sat in the heart of the seas.\u2019--but you are human and not a god, and you thought your heart like the heart of a god.\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Why Ezekiel should have directed all these prophecies of doom against Tyre is not entirely evident. The Phoenicians had been trading partners of the kingdom of Judah since the time of Solomon, and they were in no way allied with the Babylonians, as were the hated Edomites. The prophet\u2019s objection to Tyre, as emerges in the second part of this verse and in what follows, appears to have been the theological rather than political: this prosperous maritime kingdom, enjoying luxurious wealth from its trading activities, had in the prophet\u2019s view committed the primal transgression of imagining that it was godlike.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

From: Robert Alter, The Hebrew Bible, vol. 2: Prophets, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019, ad loc. 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\u201cThe Biblical Use of the Word \u201cAshes\u201d It\u2019s Not About Cremation!\u201d<\/a> by David Zinner: The difference between ashes and dust.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

\u201cWar of Gog\u201d<\/a> by Shlomo Einhorn: A closer look at the battle said to happen at the end of days.<\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Go deeper into the chapter....","tile_main_caption":"Source Sheets - Ezekiel 28","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Links to learning resources","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":42232,"alt":"","title":"sefaria-words-sunburst","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","width":608,"height":395,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-300x195.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":195,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","medium_large-width":608,"medium_large-height":395,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","large-width":608,"large-height":395,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","1536x1536-width":608,"1536x1536-height":395,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","2048x2048-width":608,"2048x2048-height":395,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","post_full_size-width":608,"post_full_size-height":395,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","home_baner-width":608,"home_baner-height":395}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"Sefaria word sunburst visualization","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Ezekiel","chapter":"28","chapter_main_number":"480","date":"20270701","wall_id":"480"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":13,"id":"74624","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Points to Ponder - Ezekiel 28 ","post_title":"Points to Ponder - Ezekiel 28","slug":"points-to-ponder-ezekiel-28","old_id":"74624","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":38102,"post_title":"929-English","slug":"929-english","old_id":"38102","first_name":"","last_name":"929-English","description":"","short_description":"","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":38333,"alt":"","title":"\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","width":1513,"height":860,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-300x171.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":171,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-768x437.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":437,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-1024x582.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":582,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","1536x1536-width":1513,"1536x1536-height":860,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","2048x2048-width":1513,"2048x2048-height":860,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-1200x682.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":682,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-739x420.png","home_baner-width":739,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"480","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"

    \r\n\t
  1. Pride, Theology, Politics.<\/em> Ezekiel accuses Tyre of overweening pride, perhaps because of its stubborn survival in the face of the Babylonian siege (it remained undefeated for 13 years). If Babylonia is God\u2019s messenger, then Tyre\u2019s struggle is a fight against God Himself - and that is arrogant.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  2. Dan\u2019el - reprise.<\/em> In verse 3, the prince of Tyre is described as wiser than Dan\u2019el - the exemplary sage from Canaanite mythology. 14 chapters ago (Ezek. 14 - <\/span>see e.g. here<\/span><\/a>) we met Dan\u2019el as an example of an outstanding righteous man (together with Noah and Job). There, like here, the vocalized version (\u201ckri\u201d) is Daniel, and not Dan\u2019el, probably because of the Jewish figure in the book of Daniel.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  3. The Garden of Eden<\/em>. The prophecy about the cherub who was banished from the Garden (verses 14-16) is similar to, and also different from the familiar Garden of Eden story from Genesis chapter 3. Commentators and scholars have various answers to the question: what\u2019s the connection between the two - if at all?<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  4. Beauty queen.<\/em> That\u2019s Tyre. Already in the last chapter Tyre was described in glowing terms as a beautiful ship. In this chapter, in a description where her king is in the Garden of Eden, sparkling with precious stones, she is conclusively crowned as the divine and perfect beauty queen (temporarily of course).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  5. Horror chorus.<\/em> In verse 19, there appears a verse that is repeated in the prophecies regarding Tyre, and which appeared in the previous two chapters: \u201cYou have become a horror And have ceased to be, forever.\u201d This isn\u2019t the only literary connection between the medleys of prophecies. For the interested reader there is a lot to discover. <\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>","post_main_content_image":{"id":86314,"alt":"","title":"Points to ponder","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Ezekiel 28","tile_main_caption":"Points to Ponder","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Insights and questions for personal reflection and group discussion","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":86314,"alt":"","title":"Points to ponder","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Ezekiel","chapter":"28","chapter_main_number":"480","date":"20270701","wall_id":"480"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false}],"hide_acf":true,"home_image":false,"home_posts":false,"home_posts_title":"","posts_home":[],"static_cube_title":"","static_cube_brief":"","static_cube_color":"","link_teaser":"","listen_link":"","other_title":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall\/74454"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wall"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}