{"id":65277,"date":"2018-07-09T17:45:07","date_gmt":"2018-07-09T14:45:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wall\/wall-350\/"},"modified":"2023-06-08T07:29:34","modified_gmt":"2023-06-08T04:29:34","slug":"wall-350","status":"publish","type":"wall","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wall\/wall-350\/","title":{"rendered":"chapter-Prophets-Isaiah-16"},"parent":0,"template":"","acf":{"type":"chapter","wall_id":"350","date":"20261231","book":"Isaiah","chapter":"16","chapter_main_number":"350","books_group":"Prophets","posts":[{"order":1,"id":"65404","color":"#f8ebe3","size":"1","name":"JPS Audio Bible - Isaiah Chapter 16 ","post_title":"JPS Audio Bible - Isaiah Chapter 16","slug":"jps-audio-bible-isaiah-chapter-16","old_id":"65404","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34686,"post_title":"Soundcloud","slug":"soundcloud","old_id":"34686","first_name":"","last_name":"","description":"","short_description":"","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34656,"alt":"","title":"491","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","width":300,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","large-width":300,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":300,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","post_full_size-width":300,"post_full_size-height":300,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","home_baner-width":300,"home_baner-height":300}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"350","type_929":"4","show_author_image":true,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"JPS Audio Bible","tile_main_caption":"Isaiah Chapter 16","tile_main_caption_size":"2","tile_sub_caption":"Hear the daily chapter","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/929-bible\/JPS_Audio_Bible_Isaiah_Chapter_16","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Isaiah","chapter":"16","chapter_main_number":"350","date":"20261231","wall_id":"350"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":2,"id":"115833","color":"#f6edf6","size":"1","name":"Gimme Shelter ","post_title":"Gimme Shelter","slug":"gimme-shelter","old_id":"115833","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":78133,"post_title":"Josh Blechner","slug":"josh-blechner","old_id":"78133","first_name":"Josh ","last_name":"Blechner ","description":"Josh first finished the Tanach during Yeshiva in Mevaseret Zion. He and his daughter studied the Tanach again for her bat mitzvah. Josh has taught many classes on Tanach throughout the years and currently in the New Rochelle 929 group. When not studying for 929, Josh works as an in-house lawyer in New Jersey.","short_description":"Josh has taught many classes on Tanach throughout the years and currently in the New Rochelle 929 group, and is an in-house attorney in New Jersey. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":78134,"alt":"","title":"josh blechner","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","width":276,"height":351,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-236x300.jpg","medium-width":236,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","medium_large-width":276,"medium_large-height":351,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","large-width":276,"large-height":351,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","1536x1536-width":276,"1536x1536-height":351,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","2048x2048-width":276,"2048x2048-height":351,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","post_full_size-width":276,"post_full_size-height":351,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","home_baner-width":276,"home_baner-height":351}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"350","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The refugee problem in Israel and Moab\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

Chapter 16 continues the prophecy against Moab. This chapter reads more as a continuous narrative than previous ones. The basic framing is a discussion of housing refugees and a request from one party to another to protect these refugees. What is unclear, though, is: who are the refugees?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Let Moab\u2019s outcasts find asylum in you. Be a shelter for them against the despoiler (verse 4).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

There are two ways to read this verse. Rashi and many other commentators understand it to refer to Israelite fugitives. Isaiah is comparing the story of the Israelites on their flight from Egypt to the future Israelite refugees, when Assyria attacks. Back in the wilderness, the people of Israel requested permission to pass through the land of Moab, but were denied. Now the prophet is commanding the Moabites to let the future Israelite refugees pass through and stay in the lands of Moab. \u201cMoab\u2019s outcasts\u201d thus refer both to the refugees that will be coming to Moab, and hints at the Israelites who were outcasts in Moab in the past.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

But this interpretation has a few issues. The first is that it would be odd to call the Israelites \u201cMoab\u2019s outcasts.\u201d Second, the first verse sounds like Moab is instructed to go to the Israelites:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Dispatch a fatted sheep as tribute (<\/span>or \u201cmessenger\u201d)<\/span><\/em> oh ruler of the land, From Sela in the wilderness to the mount of Fair Zion.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The implication here is that the people of Moab will be distressed and will need to up their tribute to the Israelites. \u201cMoab\u2019s outcasts\u201d then refers to these very refugees from Moab who are on the run. They are the ones who will approach the Israelites and request safe passage and living quarters.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The next verse refers to either a reward for the kingdom of Judah for accepting these refugees despite their historic snub, or a plea by the Moabites that they be allowed to live in the secure kingdom of Judah:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

And a throne shall be established in goodness in the tent of David, And on it shall sit in faithfulness a ruler devoted to justice and zealous for equity.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Rashi reads this verse as a sign of what will happen after the rest of Israel and Judah are expelled by Assyria, creating the Israelite refugees. Hezekiah will then be established as a righteous king and will stop the Assyrian assault. Both of these readings end in the same place, with a firmly established kingdom in Judah. The thematic difference is whether the Moabites are painted as humbled people who need an old foe to forget the past, or a people that will be given the opportunity to right the wrongs of the past by letting an old foe dwell within them.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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","post_main_content_content":"

When I began reading The Gulag Archipelago: 1918-1956 <\/em>in 1983, it hit me like a meteor, a glimpse into the abyss of a sinister alien world. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn exposed the history and workings of the Gulag in three long volumes of \u201cliterary investigation.\u201d He wrote from first-hand experience: the secret police arrested him in 1945 when, as a Red Army soldier, he wrote letters that questioned the conduct of the war. Sentenced to eight years of imprisonment, Solzhenitsyn remembered everything and survived his torments. His prophetic calling: to document the sweep and horrors of the Gulag.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

Solzhenitsyn spoke with the moral authority of Jeremiah\u2014a prophet who was also imprisoned and had his writings destroyed. He melded history and materials from camp veterans slipped to him past the dragnets of the KGB, with his personal experiences in a vast, pitiless yet deeply human saga. He gave names and lives to the faceless victims of the camps. Unsparing in his ridicule of Soviet leaders\u2014he sounded like a Russian version of Elijah taunting the prophets of Baal\u2014he honored the decency of fellow inmates and those who shared their stories with him.<\/p>\r\n

The Gulag Archipelago<\/em> exposed the camp system and ultimately resulted in the Nobel Laureate being expelled from the USSR in 1974, the year after the first volume appeared. During his long career, Solzhenitsyn spared no targets, annoying trans-Atlantic intellectuals as much as he did the Chekists. In his fiery \u201cA World Split Apart\u201d commencement address at Harvard University in 1978, he asserted, \u201cThe Western world has lost its civil courage.\u201d That unsparing perspective made him a prophet who lived to see the collapse of the evil empire he decried, as surely as Babylon collapsed. He foresaw that ruin when he wrote, \u201cAnd I sat there and thought: If the first tiny droplet of truth has exploded like a psychological bomb, what then will happen in our country when whole waterfalls of Truth burst forth? And they will burst forth. It has to happen.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

photo: Bert\u00a0Verhoeff, Solzhenitsyn in 1974 \/ wikipedia<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":65651,"alt":"","title":"Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_1974","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_1974.jpg","width":1704,"height":2136,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_1974-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_1974-239x300.jpg","medium-width":239,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_1974-768x963.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":963,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_1974-817x1024.jpg","large-width":817,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_1974.jpg","1536x1536-width":1225,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_1974.jpg","2048x2048-width":1634,"2048x2048-height":2048,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_1974-957x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":957,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_1974-335x420.jpg","home_baner-width":335,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Prophets Of Today","tile_main_caption":"Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn ","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"If the first tiny droplet of truth has exploded like a psychological bomb, what then will happen in our country when whole waterfalls of Truth burst forth? 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obligation to extend radical hospitality to those in need","post_main_content_content":"

There is an ongoing debate in the United States, and other countries, about admitting refugees and caring for immigrants who flee violence and migrate in search of a better life. One side claims that refugees and immigrants could bring violence and disease with them, causing destruction in our country like the destruction plaguing the countries they fled. The other side claims that these are people in need, and that we have a moral imperative to provide them life-saving shelter and aid.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

For better or for worse, United States politicians have not consulted the Hebrew Bible for answers on how to address the situation. If they did, however, they would find ample support for the second position, that we are obligated to extend our hands to the stranger and the oppressed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The chapter imagines the eventual downfall of Moab, and exhorts the Judeans to welcome and offer support to the Israelites who flee their country. This is no small ask: though the Israelite tribes of the north and the Judeans of the south were all part of the same nation, they had a contentious relationship and were often in conflict with one another. Nonetheless, the prophet demands in the name of God that the Judeans welcome the Israelite refugees who come to them. The verse assures the Judeans that the danger has passed, and that violence will not threaten them if they take in these refugees.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The chapter takes the exhortation to have mercy even further, imagining the Moabites wailing over the destruction of their cities and fields. And, like the Midrash in which God chastises the Israelites for rejoicing over the death of the Egyptians after the Israelites escape from Egypt, this chapter imagines God lamenting their destruction and pain. Commentators from Rashi to Radak, clearly uncomfortable with the idea of God sympathizing with the destroyed Moab, claim that the verse represents the Moabites speaking in first person. Nonetheless, the description of their emotional state after their downfall strikes an emotional chord. We cannot read the poetic descriptions of their lament without considering for ourselves how we would feel if our own cities and livelihoods were destroyed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Either way you read it, the chapter is clear. 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We have been consistently highlighting those instances in which Malbim took a different road from the one travelled by most of the medieval exegetes. That should not be taken as an indication that there was never agreement among them. Indeed, in this chapter, we can cheer a consensus of interpretation\u2014of the word that denotes a shout or cheer: <\/span>heydad<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Therefore, as I weep for Jazer, so I weep for Sibmah\u2019s vines; O Heshbon and Elealeh, I drench you with my tears; ended are the shouts (<\/span>heydad<\/span><\/em>) over your fig and grain harvests. Rejoicing (<\/span>simcha<\/span><\/em>) and gladness (<\/span>gil<\/span><\/em>) are gone from the farmland; in the vineyards no shouting (<\/span>yerunan<\/span><\/em>) or cheering (<\/span>yro`a`<\/span><\/em>)<\/em> is heard. No more does the treader tread wine in the presses\u2014 the shouts (<\/span>heydad<\/span><\/em>) have been silenced (verses 9-10)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It is striking that in this essentially sad prophecy, Isaiah utilized no fewer than four forms of joy in verse 10. While Malbim, typically,* is the only one to draw distinctions between them (e.g., rejoicing is ongoing, while gladness is temporary), there is, as we noted, a clear consensus on the fifth form of expression: the shout or cheer.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Rashi (10) identified it with \u201cthe sound of those gathered to set the beam to press the grapes.\u201d Ibn Ezra also defined it as a sound made in the winepress that assisted \u201cin making excellent wine.\u201d And Radak combined the two, explaining that \u201c<\/span>heydad<\/span><\/em> is the joyful call of the pressers.\u201d Malbim explained that <\/span>heydad<\/span><\/i> is derived from the word for echo (<\/span>heyd<\/span><\/em>), a noise that rebounds off the mountains, and he elaborated:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The custom during the season of harvesting grapes and pressing them into wine was, first, to blow a shofar or a reed to gather together the workers each day. After their work was done, they would sing and play instruments on account of their joy. The [prophet] is saying that not only will they not rejoice\u2014because their work will not be done\u2014but they will not even sound the call to gather workers because the vines will not yield fruit.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Moreover, even wine that was already in the presses will not be trampled, because no longer will they shout <\/span>heydad<\/span><\/em> to gather the many workers needed for the pressing, because no one will be left around.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

*For the significance of Malbim\u2019s commentary to the Book of Isaiah,<\/span> see our introduction to chapter 1.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n

Image: Treading grapes in a wine press, Byzantine mosaic (6th c. CE), from Beit She\u2019an \/ lib.cet.ac.il<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":65672,"alt":"","title":"Is16-treading grapes","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes.jpg","width":600,"height":480,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes-300x240.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":240,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes.jpg","medium_large-width":600,"medium_large-height":480,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes.jpg","large-width":600,"large-height":480,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes.jpg","1536x1536-width":600,"1536x1536-height":480,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes.jpg","2048x2048-width":600,"2048x2048-height":480,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes.jpg","post_full_size-width":600,"post_full_size-height":480,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes-525x420.jpg","home_baner-width":525,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Hooray!","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"No wine grapes, no cry (for joy)","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":65672,"alt":"","title":"Is16-treading grapes","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes.jpg","width":600,"height":480,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes-300x240.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":240,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes.jpg","medium_large-width":600,"medium_large-height":480,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes.jpg","large-width":600,"large-height":480,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes.jpg","1536x1536-width":600,"1536x1536-height":480,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes.jpg","2048x2048-width":600,"2048x2048-height":480,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes.jpg","post_full_size-width":600,"post_full_size-height":480,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-treading-grapes-525x420.jpg","home_baner-width":525,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Isaiah","chapter":"16","chapter_main_number":"350","date":"20261231","wall_id":"350"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"366","name":"Commentators","old_id":"766"},{"term_id":"743","name":"Joy","old_id":"1143"}]},{"order":7,"id":"65867","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"The Throne Of The Messiah And The Throne Of God ","post_title":"The Throne Of The Messiah And The Throne Of God","slug":"the-throne-of-the-messiah-and-the-throne-of-god","old_id":"65867","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":33877,"post_title":"Marc Bregman","slug":"marc-bregman","old_id":"33877","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Bregman","description":"Marc Bregman received his Ph.D. from The Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1991. He taught at the Hebrew Union College (Jerusalem), The Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the Schechter Institute for Judaic Studies in Jerusalem, and at the Ben-Gurion University in Beer Sheba, Israel. During 1993 he was Visiting Associate Professor at Yale University, and during 1996 he was the Stroum Professor of Jewish Studies and Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Washington in Seattle. During 2005, Bregman served as the Harry Starr Fellow in Judaica at Harvard University and was awarded a Teaching Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. He also has served as Forchheimer Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Humanities at The Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He is the author of The Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature: Studies in the Evolution of the Versions (Gorgias Press, 2003). In 2006, Bregman was appointed the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro, where he also headed the program in Jewish Studies, until 2013. Bregman retired from UNCG as of July 31, 2017. He has now returned to Jerusalem where he is continuing his research and teaching activities.","credit":"","image_url":"","short_description":"Marc Bregman is the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies emeritus, at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro.","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":33878,"alt":"Marc Bregman","title":"Marc Bregman","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","width":361,"height":488,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-222x300.jpg","medium-width":222,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","medium_large-width":361,"medium_large-height":488,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","large-width":361,"large-height":488,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","1536x1536-width":361,"1536x1536-height":488,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","2048x2048-width":361,"2048x2048-height":488,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","post_full_size-width":361,"post_full_size-height":488,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-311x420.jpg","home_baner-width":311,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"350","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"A mystical vision of mercy, truth, justice, equity","post_main_content_content":"

Our chapter includes the verse: \u201cAnd a throne shall be established in Mercy, and on it shall sit in Truth, in the tent of David, a Ruler devoted to justice and zealous for equity\u201d (Isaiah 16:5).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Midrash Psalms 110:4 states that it is the Holy One, Blessed be He, who makes all the wars, as indicated by what God says to the Messiah: \u201cSit at My right hand, while I make your enemies your footstool (Psalms 110:1)\u201d. God says to the Messiah: You shall sit, and I will make the wars, as it says: \u201c\u2026a throne shall be established in Mercy, and on it shall sit in Truth, in the tent of David, a Ruler\u2026\u201d. And what does this Messianic Ruler do while sitting on his Throne? He reads and studies Torah, which is called \u201cTruth\u201d, as it says: \u201cThe Laws of the Lord are Truth\u2026\u201d (Psalms 19:10) and further it is written: \u201cBuy Truth (i.e. Torah) and never sell it\u201d (Proverbs 23:23). And this is what is meant by our verse: \u201cAnd on it shall sit in Truth, in the tent of David, a Ruler\u2026\u201d (Isaiah 16:5).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A different interpretation of our verse is found in the early mystical work, Massekhet Hekhalot (Otzar Midrashim published in 1915, Volume 1, page 108). Here it is stated that God\u2019s Throne is called \u201cTruth\u201d, as it says: \u201cAnd a Throne shall be established in Mercy...And on it [God] shall sit in Truth\u201d. This verse also teaches that God\u2019s Throne is a Throne of Mercy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The major work of medieval Jewish mysticism, the Zohar (II, page 220b) preserves the following esoteric interpretation of our verse: Rabbi Eleazar taught, \u201cAnd a throne shall be established in Mercy, and on it shall sit in Truth, in the tent of David, a Ruler devoted to justice and zealous for equity\u201d (Isaiah 16:5). When the joyful thought arose in God\u2019s mind to establish the earthly Throne of the Messiah, He established it \u201cin Mercy\u201d. This Throne bears the seal, which when stamped leaves the imprint of Truth. And the Holy One sits on that Throne only in virtue of that seal of Truth. And \u201cin the tent of David\u201d, is where the Messiah sits upon the Lower Throne.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

According to Maimonides (Guide for the Perplexed, Chapter 9), God\u2019s throne is inseparable from God Himself, since both exist forever, as it says: \u201cBut You, O Lord, are enthroned forever. Your throne endures through the ages\u201d (Lamentations 5:19). Any other belief, according to Maimonides, would be heretical for it would deny the total incorporeality of God.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

image:\u00a0Vision of God's throne, depicted in this 1860 woodcut by Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":65868,"alt":"","title":"Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods throne","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne.png","width":800,"height":658,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne-300x247.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":247,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne-768x632.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":632,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne.png","large-width":800,"large-height":658,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne.png","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":658,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne.png","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":658,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne.png","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":658,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne-511x420.png","home_baner-width":511,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"The Throne Of The Messiah And The Throne Of God","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"A mystical vision of mercy, truth, justice, equity","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":65868,"alt":"","title":"Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods throne","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne.png","width":800,"height":658,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne-300x247.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":247,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne-768x632.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":632,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne.png","large-width":800,"large-height":658,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne.png","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":658,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne.png","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":658,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne.png","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":658,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Is16-Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_gods-throne-511x420.png","home_baner-width":511,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Isaiah","chapter":"16","chapter_main_number":"350","date":"20261231","wall_id":"350"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"384","name":"God","old_id":"784"},{"term_id":"500","name":"Messiah","old_id":"900"},{"term_id":"581","name":"Mercy","old_id":"981"},{"term_id":"666","name":"Mystic","old_id":"1066"}]},{"order":8,"id":"65677","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Refugees! ","post_title":"Refugees!","slug":"refugees","old_id":"65677","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":33992,"post_title":"Bradley Shavit Artson","slug":"rabbi-dr-bradley-shavit-artson","old_id":"33992","first_name":"Bradley Shavit ","last_name":"Artson","description":"Rabbi Dr Bradley Shavit Artson holds the Abner and Roslyn Goldstine Dean's Chair of the Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies and is Vice President of American Jewish University in Los Angeles, and is professor of philosophy there. Artson is married to Elana Shavit Artson, and they are the parents of twins, Shira and Jacob.\r\n","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"short_description":"Rabbi Dr Bradley Shavit Artson is the Dean of the Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies and is Vice President of American Jewish University in Los Angeles.","link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":33993,"alt":"","title":"Rabbi Dr Bradley Shavit Artson","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","width":204,"height":199,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-256x300.png","medium-width":256,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","medium_large-width":204,"medium_large-height":199,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","large-width":204,"large-height":199,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","1536x1536-width":204,"1536x1536-height":199,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","2048x2048-width":204,"2048x2048-height":199,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","post_full_size-width":204,"post_full_size-height":199,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","home_baner-width":204,"home_baner-height":199}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"350","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Offer shelter. Shield them from those who would deport or detain. That was the demand of a righteous God, and it still is","post_main_content_content":"

Moab is threatened by the aggression of Sennacherib of Assyria, and future assaults by Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. In the midst of complicated relations involving Israel, Isaiah speaks out to the neighboring kingdom offering counsel for what might strengthen them as a society and help shield them from the worst consequences of the looming aggression.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Consistent with his steady vision of ethical depth and moral resilience, Isaiah instructs them to \u201crender counsel, execute justice \u2026 hide the refugees; do not reveal the wanderer. Let My refugees live among you \u2026 be a shelter for them from the pillager\u201d (verses 3-4).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Isaiah recognizes that the flaw of the Assyrians is to equate coercive aggression with long-term strength. He understands that military might has its place, but that enforcing terror will eventually circle back and consume its perpetrators. Real security, the kind that inspires and lasts, can only be built on a foundation of justice and equity.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

That prophetic vision is not neutral toward refugees. Indeed, Isaiah specifies that the prudent path is to hide the refugees from those who would turn them over, to facilitate the refugees being able to make lives in the midst of the community, and to provide them with shelter as well.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In our own time, with a record number of human beings terrified into fleeing their own homelands \u2013 devastated by warfare, brutality, famine, poverty, religious fanaticism or terror, these words strike at the very heart of a contemporary malaise as well.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It is the role of the prophets of Israel to summon us back to our covenantal responsibilities. Small wonder that they were not popular then, nor is that voice welcomed now.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Nonetheless, that piercing call carries with it the light of the God of Israel, a God whose care centers on the widow, the orphan, the refugee.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Offer shelter. Shield them from those who would deport or detain. Provide homes. That was the demand of a righteous God, and it still is.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":65678,"alt":"","title":"is16-welcome","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome.jpg","width":720,"height":720,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome.jpg","medium_large-width":720,"medium_large-height":720,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome.jpg","large-width":720,"large-height":720,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome.jpg","1536x1536-width":720,"1536x1536-height":720,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome.jpg","2048x2048-width":720,"2048x2048-height":720,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome.jpg","post_full_size-width":720,"post_full_size-height":720,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Refugees!","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Offer shelter. Shield them from those who would deport or detain. That was the demand of a righteous God, and it still is.","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":65678,"alt":"","title":"is16-welcome","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome.jpg","width":720,"height":720,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome.jpg","medium_large-width":720,"medium_large-height":720,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome.jpg","large-width":720,"large-height":720,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome.jpg","1536x1536-width":720,"1536x1536-height":720,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome.jpg","2048x2048-width":720,"2048x2048-height":720,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome.jpg","post_full_size-width":720,"post_full_size-height":720,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/is16-welcome-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Isaiah","chapter":"16","chapter_main_number":"350","date":"20261231","wall_id":"350"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"395","name":"Covenant","old_id":"795"},{"term_id":"423","name":"Politics","old_id":"823"},{"term_id":"867","name":"Refuge","old_id":"1267"}]},{"order":9,"id":"65620","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"An Army Wreaking Havoc ","post_title":"An Army Wreaking Havoc","slug":"an-army-wreaking-havoc","old_id":"65620","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":54356,"post_title":"Robert Alter","slug":"robert-alter","old_id":"54356","first_name":"Robert ","last_name":"Alter","description":"Robert Alter is the Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, where he has taught since 1967. He has written over twenty books, focusing on such topics as the European novel from the 18th century to the present, contemporary American fiction, and modern Hebrew literature. He has also written extensively on the literary aspects of the Bible. His most recent work is his monumental three volume translation of the entire Hebrew Bible - The Hebrew Bible, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019 - from which the selections in 929 are taken. ","short_description":"Robert Alter is the Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, and author of the three-volume translation of the entire Hebrew Bible - The Hebrew Bible, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":54357,"alt":"","title":"robert alter","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","width":184,"height":275,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","medium-width":184,"medium-height":275,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","medium_large-width":184,"medium_large-height":275,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","large-width":184,"large-height":275,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","1536x1536-width":184,"1536x1536-height":275,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","2048x2048-width":184,"2048x2048-height":275,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","post_full_size-width":184,"post_full_size-height":275,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","home_baner-width":184,"home_baner-height":275}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"350","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The vineyards are withered: rejoicing and gladness are gone","post_main_content_content":"

16:8 \u201cFor the fields of Heshbon languish, the vines of Sibman. The notables of nations (<\/span>ba\u2019aley goyim<\/span><\/em>) pounded her tendrils. As far as Jazer they reached, they strayed into the desert. Her shoots they pulled out, they passed on to the sea.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Some interpreters understand <\/span>ba\u2019aley goyim<\/span><\/em> as a place-name, which in terms of its form it could conceivably be. But since the lines that follow evoke an army wreaking havoc and sweeping down to the coast, it is more likely that the phrase, as rendered here, refers to invaders, or their commanders.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

From: Robert Alter, <\/span>The Hebrew Bible, <\/span><\/i>vol. 2: Prophets, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019, ad loc. By permission of the author<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":54890,"alt":"","title":"Alter-Cover","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","width":1200,"height":693,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-300x173.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":173,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-768x444.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":444,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1024x591.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":591,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":693,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":693,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1200x693.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":693,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-727x420.jpg","home_baner-width":727,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"From Robert Alter's Bible Translation and Commentary","tile_main_caption":"An Army Wreaking Havoc","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"The vineyards are withered: rejoicing and gladness are gone","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":54890,"alt":"","title":"Alter-Cover","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","width":1200,"height":693,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-300x173.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":173,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-768x444.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":444,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1024x591.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":591,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":693,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":693,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1200x693.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":693,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-727x420.jpg","home_baner-width":727,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Isaiah","chapter":"16","chapter_main_number":"350","date":"20261231","wall_id":"350"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":10,"id":"65383","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Sefaria Source Sheets - Isaiah 16 ","post_title":"Sefaria Source Sheets - Isaiah 16","slug":"sefaria-source-sheets-isaiah-16","old_id":"65383","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":42228,"post_title":"Sefaria","slug":"sefaria","old_id":"42228","first_name":"","last_name":"Sefaria","description":"Sefaria is a non-profit organization dedicated to building the future of Jewish learning in an open and participatory way. 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\u201cRefugees in Judaism\u201d<\/a> by Ilana Spencer: The relationships between Jews and refugees throughout history.<\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Go deeper into the chapter....","tile_main_caption":"Source Sheets - Isaiah 16","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Links to learning resources","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":42232,"alt":"","title":"sefaria-words-sunburst","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","width":608,"height":395,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-300x195.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":195,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","medium_large-width":608,"medium_large-height":395,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","large-width":608,"large-height":395,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","1536x1536-width":608,"1536x1536-height":395,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","2048x2048-width":608,"2048x2048-height":395,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","post_full_size-width":608,"post_full_size-height":395,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","home_baner-width":608,"home_baner-height":395}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"Sefaria word sunburst visualization","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"Isaiah","chapter":"16","chapter_main_number":"350","date":"20261231","wall_id":"350"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":11,"id":"65617","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Points to Ponder - Isaiah 16 ","post_title":"Points to Ponder - Isaiah 16","slug":"points-to-ponder-isaiah-16","old_id":"65617","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":38102,"post_title":"929-English","slug":"929-english","old_id":"38102","first_name":"","last_name":"929-English","description":"","short_description":"","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":38333,"alt":"","title":"\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","width":1513,"height":860,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-300x171.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":171,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-768x437.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":437,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-1024x582.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":582,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","1536x1536-width":1513,"1536x1536-height":860,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","2048x2048-width":1513,"2048x2048-height":860,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-1200x682.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":682,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-739x420.png","home_baner-width":739,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"350","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"

    \r\n\t
  1. The city has a job to do.<\/em> Jerusalem, which usually is presented by the prophet as the one thing to be saved, here plays the role of the rescuer. During the crisis with Assyria - Jerusalem is called to be the one to rescue Moab - a role that is also a destiny.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  2. Shout for shout.<\/em> The shouts - heydad - of verse 9, which have ceased over the (earlier) withered grain and fig harvests, are bookended with a similar lack of merriment at the (later) grape harvest and treading. See also Moshe Sokolow\u2019s piece today on this term.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  3. It\u2019s sad to die\u2026<\/em> The Israeli songwriter Naomi Shemer, in her son \u201cIt\u2019s sad to die in the middle of Tammuz\u201d included the verse \u201cEnded are the shouts Over your fig and grain harvests\u201d (verse 9 - \u05db\u05bc\u05b4\u05d9 \u05e2\u05b7\u05dc-\u05e7\u05b5\u05d9\u05e6\u05b5\u05da\u05b0 \u05d5\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05dc-\u05e7\u05b0\u05e6\u05b4\u05d9\u05e8\u05b5\u05da\u05b0 \u05d4\u05b5\u05d9\u05d3\u05b8\u05d3 \u05e0\u05b8\u05e4\u05b8\u05dc) which also takes place in the summer.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>","post_main_content_image":{"id":86314,"alt":"","title":"Points to 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