{"id":62810,"date":"2018-07-09T17:44:26","date_gmt":"2018-07-09T14:44:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wall\/wall-309\/"},"modified":"2023-04-13T11:12:53","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T08:12:53","slug":"wall-309","status":"publish","type":"wall","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wall\/wall-309\/","title":{"rendered":"chapter-Prophets-I Kings-22"},"parent":0,"template":"","acf":{"type":"chapter","wall_id":"309","date":"20261104","book":"I Kings","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"309","books_group":"Prophets","posts":[{"order":1,"id":"62229","color":"#f8ebe3","size":"1","name":"JPS Audio Bible - I Kings Chapter 22 ","post_title":"JPS Audio Bible - I Kings Chapter 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the posts on this page about the Splitting of the Sea ","post_main_content_content":"

Explore the posts on this page<\/a> about the Splitting of the Sea in honor of the end of Pesach<\/p>\r\n

image: by Bracha Lavee<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":98605,"alt":"","title":"neh9-splitting of the sea - Lavee","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee.jpg","width":1024,"height":833,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee-300x244.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":244,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee-768x625.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":625,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee-1024x833.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":833,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee.jpg","1536x1536-width":1024,"1536x1536-height":833,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee.jpg","2048x2048-width":1024,"2048x2048-height":833,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee.jpg","post_full_size-width":1024,"post_full_size-height":833,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee-516x420.jpg","home_baner-width":516,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Materials to enrich your holiday celebrations","tile_main_caption":"929 Presents: The End Of Pesach And The Splitting Of The Sea ","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Explore the posts on this page about the Splitting of the Sea ","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":98605,"alt":"","title":"neh9-splitting of the sea - Lavee","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee.jpg","width":1024,"height":833,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee-300x244.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":244,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee-768x625.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":625,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee-1024x833.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":833,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee.jpg","1536x1536-width":1024,"1536x1536-height":833,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee.jpg","2048x2048-width":1024,"2048x2048-height":833,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee.jpg","post_full_size-width":1024,"post_full_size-height":833,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/neh9-splitting-of-the-sea-Lavee-516x420.jpg","home_baner-width":516,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Exodus","chapter":"5","chapter_main_number":"55","date":"20251113","wall_id":"55"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"597","name":"Pesach","old_id":"997"}]},{"order":3,"id":"114060","color":"#f6edf6","size":"1","name":"Enter Micaiah, A True Prophet ","post_title":"Enter Micaiah, A True Prophet","slug":"enter-micaiah-a-true-prophet","old_id":"114060","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":78133,"post_title":"Josh Blechner","slug":"josh-blechner","old_id":"78133","first_name":"Josh ","last_name":"Blechner ","description":"Josh first finished the Tanach during Yeshiva in Mevaseret Zion. He and his daughter studied the Tanach again for her bat mitzvah. Josh has taught many classes on Tanach throughout the years and currently in the New Rochelle 929 group. When not studying for 929, Josh works as an in-house lawyer in New Jersey.","short_description":"Josh has taught many classes on Tanach throughout the years and currently in the New Rochelle 929 group, and is an in-house attorney in New Jersey. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":78134,"alt":"","title":"josh blechner","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","width":276,"height":351,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-236x300.jpg","medium-width":236,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","medium_large-width":276,"medium_large-height":351,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","large-width":276,"large-height":351,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","1536x1536-width":276,"1536x1536-height":351,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","2048x2048-width":276,"2048x2048-height":351,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","post_full_size-width":276,"post_full_size-height":351,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","home_baner-width":276,"home_baner-height":351}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"309","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"But how does he compare with Elijah?\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

The first part of Chapter 22 reads like a well-written comedy script (for \u201cthe funniest chapter in Tanakh\u201d see <\/span>II Chronicles 18<\/span><\/a>). In addition to the humor of the chapter there is a surprising twist. Ahab and Jehoshaphat sit on their thrones debating whether to go to battle against Aram. Ahab\u2019s false prophets repeat the same exact prophecy in unison. Jehoshaphat is convinced that these are false prophets; true prophets never prophecy the same exact thing. Jehoshaphat asks his host if there are any true prophets around. Ahab answers:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

There is one more man through whom we can inquire of the LORD; but I hate him, because he never prophesies anything good for me, but only misfortune\u2026 (verse 8).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Even a casual reader of the last few chapters would expect that the next words out of Ahab\u2019s mouth would be the name \u201cElijah the Tishbite.\u201d Instead, he mentions a prophet that has never appeared before in Tanach, Micaiah son of Imlah. Who is Micaiah? Why does Ahab call for him and not Elijah?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The commentators are not convinced that Micaiah is first introduced here. If Ahab seems to know him, then we should know him. They link Micaiah to the unnamed prophet in chapter 20. The link is for two reasons. The first is that that unnamed prophet foretold doom for Ahab, which would match Ahab\u2019s reluctance to call on him. The second is because Ahab recognized the unnamed prophet back in chapter 20: \u201cQuickly he removed the cloth from his eyes, and the king recognized him as one of the prophets'' (20:41). If Ahab recognized him back then, it must be because this unnamed prophet had spoken up against Ahab before.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

But the link between Micaiah and the unnamed prophet makes the failure to call Elijah even more puzzling. Elijah seems to have a much closer connection to Ahab. Even though Elijah focuses most of his wrath against the people as a whole, he just denounced Ahab at the end of the previous chapter. Also, in chapter 18, Ahab calls him \u201ctroubler of Israel\u201d (18:17).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The answer may be more about what we know about the relationship between Ahab and Elijah than what we know about Micaiah. Over the past few chapters Elijah has popped in and out of the scene; interacting with Ahab only when Elijah (or God) wants. Ahab never summons Elijah. At this point in their relationship, Ahab knows that Elijah will not come when called. Elijah arrives when Elijah wants to arrive. In addition, Elijah does not comment on specific events. He recently promised doom on Ahab\u2019s house, but not in a specific battle. Elijah is a big-picture prophet. Ahab knows his tormentor well. When the king of Judah seeks a true prophet to advise them on this battle, Ahab knows that Elijah has much bigger fish (or Baal prophets) to fry.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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It's Complicated\u2026","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"With Shira Hecht-Koller and Rabbi Dr. Jeffrey Kobrin","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/KUVUR70E9_o","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Kings","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"309","date":"20261104","wall_id":"309"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"369","name":"Visual Arts","old_id":"769"}]},{"order":5,"id":"62974","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Uniformity and Forgery vs. Individuality And Authenticity ","post_title":"Uniformity And Forgery vs. Individuality And Authenticity","slug":"uniformity-and-forgery-vs-individuality-and-authenticity","old_id":"62974","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":36277,"post_title":"Yedidya Sinclair","slug":"yedidya-sinclair","old_id":"36277","first_name":"Yedidya","last_name":"Sinclair","description":"Rabbi Yedidya Sinclair serves as Senior Rabbinic Scholar at Hazon, the leading US Jewish environmental organization. From 2011-16 he was Vice President for Research and Senior Economist at Energiya Global, a Jerusalem-based solar energy company focused on the developing world and he continues to consult on renewable energy and climate change preparedness. In 2014 he published together with Hazon, a translation of Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook's great work on shmitta, the Sabbatical year, \"Introduction to Shabbat Ha'aretz.\" Yedidya holds a BA from Oxford University, an MPA from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and lives with his family in Jerusalem.","short_description":"Yedidya Sinclair is a Jerusalem-based rabbi and economist, and is Senior Rabbinic Scholar at Hazon. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":36278,"alt":"","title":"yedidya sinclair","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","width":200,"height":200,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","medium-width":200,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","medium_large-width":200,"medium_large-height":200,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","large-width":200,"large-height":200,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","1536x1536-width":200,"1536x1536-height":200,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","2048x2048-width":200,"2048x2048-height":200,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","post_full_size-width":200,"post_full_size-height":200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","home_baner-width":200,"home_baner-height":200}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"309","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The Talmud, Maimonides, the Maharal and Ralph Waldo Emerson agree","post_main_content_content":"

The last chapter of I Kings begins with a profound lesson in the nature of prophecy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Ahab, the Baal-worshipping King of Israel has joined forces with Jehoshaphat, the God-fearing king of Judah to make war on the king of Aram.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Jehoshaphat asks Ahab to inquire of the Lord about their prospects for success. The latter gathers together a band of 400 prophets who predict victory for Judah and Israel.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

But Jehoshaphat smells a rat and requests a second prophetic opinion. Ahab reluctantly produces Micaiah son of Imlah, explaining his reticence thus: \u201cI hate him because he never prophesies anything good for me.\u201d (v.8) Michaiah duly predicts Israel\u2019s defeat and, and so it turns out.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

How did Jehoshaphat know that the 400 prophets were suspect? The Talmud (Sanhedrin 89a) answers: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Jehoshaphat said to Ahab: This is the tradition that I received from the house of the father of my father, the house of David: A prophetic vision relating to the same subject matter may appear to several prophets, but two prophets do not prophesy using the same style of expression.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

God may send the same message to more than one prophet but will not send it in the same way. Identical formulations are evidence of forgery.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Maharal of Prague in his <\/span>Hiddushei Aggadot<\/span><\/em> explains that if the prophets come out with precisely the same language it shows they have colluded in manufacturing their message (in the same way two students writing the same answers verbatim on a test is evidence of cheating.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In addition, the Talmud may be teaching us that there is something uniquely personal to the process and outcome of prophecy. It is, as Maimonides teaches in the Guide for the Perplexed, an outcome of a prophet\u2019s struggle for spiritual purity and intellectual clarity, and thus will never strike too prophets in identical ways.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The great American thinker Ralph Waldo Emerson expressed the nature of spiritual inspiration in terms similar to the Talmud\u2019s:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cYet see what strong intellects dare not yet hear God himself, unless he speaks the phraseology of I know not what David, or Jeremiah, or Paul\u2026We are like children who repeat by rote the sentences of grandames and tutors\u2026painfully recollecting the exact words they spoke\u2026 When they come into the point of view which those had who uttered these sayings, they understand them, and are willing to let the words go; for, at any time, they can use words as good when occasion comes. If we live truly, we shall see truly.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Emerson stakes out the uniqueness of genuine inspiration. As long as one uses other men\u2019s language it is a sign that we do not \u201chear God himself.\u201d If one rises to their level and perceives the truths they beheld, one may let go of their style of expression and use one\u2019s own words.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":62975,"alt":"","title":"1kings22-rambam 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And Forgery vs. Individuality And Authenticity","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"The Talmud, Maimonides, the Maharal and Ralph Waldo Emerson agree","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":62975,"alt":"","title":"1kings22-rambam 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Artson is married to Elana Shavit Artson, and they are the parents of twins, Shira and Jacob.\r\n","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"short_description":"Rabbi Dr Bradley Shavit Artson is the Dean of the Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies and is Vice President of American Jewish University in Los Angeles.","link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":33993,"alt":"","title":"Rabbi Dr Bradley Shavit Artson","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","width":204,"height":199,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-256x300.png","medium-width":256,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","medium_large-width":204,"medium_large-height":199,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","large-width":204,"large-height":199,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","1536x1536-width":204,"1536x1536-height":199,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","2048x2048-width":204,"2048x2048-height":199,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","post_full_size-width":204,"post_full_size-height":199,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","home_baner-width":204,"home_baner-height":199}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"309","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"When nay-sayers are truth-tellers","post_main_content_content":"

It\u2019s a remarkable and inspiring scene, even thousands of years later. In a rare moment of alliance and harmony, the two Kings, one of the northern kingdom of Israel and the other from the southern kingdom of Judah, sit in the throne room, side by side. Two imposing thrones, two powerful kings, making common cause on behalf of the entire nation of all twelve tribes. And before them, in a frenzy of prophetic enthusiasm (literally, \u201cinspired by God\u201d), hundreds of prophets in unison encouraging them to join together to wage war against the neighboring kingdom of Aram.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Each and every prophet assures the two kings that it is God\u2019s will that they launch this battle. Each and every prophet insisting that victory will be theirs.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Except for one.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

He never got his own book, but the hero of today\u2019s chapter is Micaiah ben Imlah. King Ahab is blunt in his assessment of this dissident prophet: \u201cI hate him because he never prophesies anything good for me, but only misfortune (9).\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It turns out that not only does this Micaiah ben Imlah never bring good news, but he is also the only prophet to tell the truth. The others tell the king what they think he wants to hear.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I can\u2019t imagine a more contemporary scene: surround yourself with people who tell you want you want to hear, and you court disaster. Each of us is capable of spinning a fantasy of our own yearnings, a way of containing and avoiding our worst fears or projections. Indulging those fantasies is the sure road to catastrophe, what rabbinic tradition calls the short long road (looks short, turns out to be impassably long).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The only way from here to there, from the present to any meaningful success, is by way of the truth, however unpleasant. Only when we face our fears with courage, when we assess the actual situation we face and discover how to address it, only then do we have any possibility of victory. That is the long short road (looks onerously long, but it really is the most direct route). And the Prophet Micaiah identifies that as God\u2019s way.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Because God\u2019s way is truth. Always was, always will be.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":62979,"alt":"","title":"1kings22-yes men","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men.jpg","width":1920,"height":1489,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men-300x233.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":233,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men-768x596.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":596,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men-1024x794.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":794,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1191,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1489,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men-1200x931.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":931,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men-542x420.jpg","home_baner-width":542,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"A Chorus Of Yes-Men","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"When nay-sayers are truth-tellers","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":62979,"alt":"","title":"1kings22-yes men","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men.jpg","width":1920,"height":1489,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men-300x233.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":233,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men-768x596.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":596,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men-1024x794.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":794,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1191,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1489,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men-1200x931.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":931,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-yes-men-542x420.jpg","home_baner-width":542,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Kings","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"309","date":"20261104","wall_id":"309"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"384","name":"God","old_id":"784"},{"term_id":"463","name":"Truth","old_id":"863"},{"term_id":"506","name":"Prophecy","old_id":"906"}]},{"order":7,"id":"62972","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Another Prophetic Face Off ","post_title":"Another Prophetic Face Off","slug":"another-prophetic-face-off","old_id":"62972","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34243,"post_title":"Moshe Sokolow","slug":"moshe-sokolow","old_id":"34243","first_name":"Moshe","last_name":"Sokolow","description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University, and teaches a weekly class in parashat hashavu`a at Lincoln Square Synagogue. 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Back in chapter 18, we witnessed Elijah win a contest that pitted him against 450 prophets of Ba`al and 400 prophets of Asherah. Now, we are witness to yet another face-off, this time pitting another single true prophet, Micaiah ben Imla, against 400 other prophets\u2014perhaps the same 400 prophets of Asherah who escaped their fate previously? The subject: Should the combined forces of the two kingdoms of Israel launch a coordinated attack against Aram?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The messenger who was dispatched to summon Micaiah attempted to put his finger on the scale, so to speak, by intimating that Micaiah should join in the chorus of the other prophets and support the attack. Micaiah, however, replied: \u201cI will speak only what the LORD tells me\u201d (14).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

When he came before the king, the king said to him, \u201cMicaiah, shall we march upon Ramoth-gilead for battle, or shall we not?\u201d He answered him, \u201cMarch and triumph! The LORD will deliver [it] into Your Majesty\u2019s hands.\u201d The king said to him, \u201cHow many times must I adjure you to tell me nothing but the truth in the name of the LORD?\u201d Then he said, \u201cI saw all Israel scattered over the hills like sheep without a shepherd; and the LORD said, \u2018These have no master; let everyone return to his home in safety.\u2019\u201d \u201cDidn\u2019t I tell you,\u201d said the king of Israel to Jehoshaphat, \u201cthat he would not prophesy good fortune for me, but only misfortune?\u201d (15-18)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Arguably, the only king who spoke here was Ahab, who is clearly the subject of the final verse, in which he addressed Jehoshaphat. This would imply that Ahab was also the only king to be addressed here by Micaiah. However, this raises the question of how the prophet could have initially endorsed the plan, only to renege on his endorsement, if, indeed, he was constrained to speak only what the Lord told him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The answer, which is predicated upon a really close reading of verses 15 and 17, was supplied by Rashi, who pointed out that in verse 15 Micaiah did not speak in God's name, while in verse 17 he explicitly stated \u201cthe LORD said.\u201d<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":62973,"alt":"","title":"1kings22-false prophets","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-false-prophets.jpg","width":1200,"height":630,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-false-prophets-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-false-prophets-300x158.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":158,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-false-prophets-768x403.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":403,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-false-prophets-1024x538.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":538,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-false-prophets.jpg","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":630,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-false-prophets.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":630,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-false-prophets-1200x630.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":630,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-false-prophets-800x420.jpg","home_baner-width":800,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Another Prophetic Face Off","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Micaiah is the one telling the truth - 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Diamond holds the Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Chair of Jewish Studies at the University of Waterloo.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":38323,"alt":"","title":"James Diamond","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","width":1186,"height":1386,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-257x300.jpg","medium-width":257,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-768x898.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":898,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-876x1024.jpg","large-width":876,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","1536x1536-width":1186,"1536x1536-height":1386,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913.jpg","2048x2048-width":1186,"2048x2048-height":1386,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-1027x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":1027,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/James-Diamond-e1534858914913-359x420.jpg","home_baner-width":359,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"309","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Hundreds parroting verbatim each other\u2019s purported divine communication belies claims of it emerging from their \u201crelationship\u201d with God","post_main_content_content":"

How does one distinguish between genuine and false prophecy? Ahab, the Israelite king, consults four hundred alleged prophets who respond unanimously in favour of his plan to wage a military campaign against Aram. However, Jehoshaphat, the Judahite king, suspicious of this inflated group of sycophants who endorsed what was already known to be his Israelite ally\u2019s decision, insists on consulting another prophet. The Talmud ascribes Jehoshaphat\u2019s incredulity to the awareness that \u201cno two prophets prophesy in identical language [<\/span>signon<\/span><\/em>].\u2019\u2019 This profound insight anticipates Martin Buber\u2019s understanding of false prophecy some two millennia later who asserted, \u201cGod has truth, but He does not have a system. He expresses his truth through his will, but his will is not a program.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Any authentic relationship between God and a human being is rooted in dialogue unique to the particular moment and individual involved and thus inimitable. Authentic relationship can never be programmatic. Hundreds of individuals parroting verbatim each other\u2019s purported divine communication evidences a platitude that belies claims of it emerging from their \u201crelationship\u201d with God.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This test which exposed that mass gathering of prophetic charlatans carries over into Zedekiah\u2019s subsequent false corroboration of it. Zedekiah conducts a street performance, touting \u201chorns of iron\u201d as symbols of certain victory for Ahab: \u201cWith these you shall gore the Arameans till you make an end of them\u201d (11).<\/span> He appropriates a stale and dated image unique to Moses\u2019 blessing conferred on Joseph\u2019s tribe at the end of Deuteronomy, \u201cLike a firstling bull in his majesty, He has horns like the horns of the wild-ox; With them he gores the peoples...These are the myriads of Ephraim, Those are the thousands of Manasseh.\u201d (33:17).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Zedekiah strategically chooses his dramatic implements to appeal to Ahab since Manasseh and Ephraim are associated biblically with his Northern kingdom as opposed to Judah and Benjamin in the South. The very term for the wild ox whose horns symbolize Joseph\u2019s sons\u2019 strength (<\/span>RAM<\/span><\/i>) resonates with the enemy\u2019s name, Aram (<\/span>ARM<\/span><\/i>), bolstering its pretense. The false prophet plagiarizes a prophecy shorn of its original context, formulaically applying it to the current situation. Ahab hears only victory but ignores Sinai and God in whose name Moses originally bestowed that blessing -<\/span> \u201cThis is the blessing with which Moses, the man of God, bade the Israelites farewell before he died. He said: The LORD came from Sinai<\/span>\u2026<\/span><\/i>\u201d (Deut 33:1).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The one who granted those Deuteronomic blessings \u201cto the tribes of Israel together\u201d was a king - \u201cAnd there was a king in Jeshurun\u201d (33:5). Commentators offer three different identifications of the \u201cking\u201d: Moses, God, or Torah. Perhaps that presents an ideal amalgamation of all three as the model king to which Ahab\u2019s corrupt kingship is an affront. When a king like Ahab governs only in his own self-interest and divorces the throne from God and Torah which it represents, he can no longer discern between prophecies that emanate from God and those that do not.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":62982,"alt":"","title":"1kings22-Plagiarism","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism.png","width":600,"height":350,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism-300x175.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":175,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism.png","medium_large-width":600,"medium_large-height":350,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism.png","large-width":600,"large-height":350,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism.png","1536x1536-width":600,"1536x1536-height":350,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism.png","2048x2048-width":600,"2048x2048-height":350,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism.png","post_full_size-width":600,"post_full_size-height":350,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism.png","home_baner-width":600,"home_baner-height":350}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"False Prophets: Sycophants, Programmers, and Plagiarists","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Hundreds parroting verbatim each other\u2019s purported divine communication belies claims of it emerging from their \u201crelationship\u201d with God","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":62982,"alt":"","title":"1kings22-Plagiarism","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism.png","width":600,"height":350,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism-300x175.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":175,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism.png","medium_large-width":600,"medium_large-height":350,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism.png","large-width":600,"large-height":350,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism.png","1536x1536-width":600,"1536x1536-height":350,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism.png","2048x2048-width":600,"2048x2048-height":350,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism.png","post_full_size-width":600,"post_full_size-height":350,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings22-Plagiarism.png","home_baner-width":600,"home_baner-height":350}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Kings","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"309","date":"20261104","wall_id":"309"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"463","name":"Truth","old_id":"863"},{"term_id":"506","name":"Prophecy","old_id":"906"},{"term_id":"927","name":"Ahab","old_id":"1327"}]},{"order":10,"id":"62558","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"God Fools Ahab ","post_title":"God Fools Ahab","slug":"god-fools-ahab","old_id":"62558","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":54356,"post_title":"Robert Alter","slug":"robert-alter","old_id":"54356","first_name":"Robert ","last_name":"Alter","description":"Robert Alter is the Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, where he has taught since 1967. He has written over twenty books, focusing on such topics as the European novel from the 18th century to the present, contemporary American fiction, and modern Hebrew literature. He has also written extensively on the literary aspects of the Bible. His most recent work is his monumental three volume translation of the entire Hebrew Bible - The Hebrew Bible, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019 - from which the selections in 929 are taken. ","short_description":"Robert Alter is the Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, and author of the three-volume translation of the entire Hebrew Bible - The Hebrew Bible, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":54357,"alt":"","title":"robert alter","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","width":184,"height":275,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","medium-width":184,"medium-height":275,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","medium_large-width":184,"medium_large-height":275,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","large-width":184,"large-height":275,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","1536x1536-width":184,"1536x1536-height":275,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","2048x2048-width":184,"2048x2048-height":275,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","post_full_size-width":184,"post_full_size-height":275,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","home_baner-width":184,"home_baner-height":275}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"309","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Using false prophecy as a weapon","post_main_content_content":"

22:20 \u201cAnd the Lord said, \u2018Who will entice Ahab, that he go up and fall at Ramoth-Gilead?\u2019 And one said this way and one said another way.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This story puts forth a theological explanation of false prophecy. A celestial spirit answers God\u2019s call and volunteers to lure Ahab to his destruction by putting a false message in the mouths of the four hundred prophets claiming to speak the word of the Lord. By means of this contrivance, everything in this story is seen to be determined by God, and the false prophecy is not merely the human initiative of prophets seeking to curry the king\u2019s favor. It is only here that the monarch is named as Ahab, not \u201cking of Israel.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

From: Robert Alter, The Hebrew Bible<\/em>, vol. 2: Prophets, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019, ad loc. By permission of the author.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":54890,"alt":"","title":"Alter-Cover","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","width":1200,"height":693,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-300x173.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":173,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-768x444.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":444,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1024x591.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":591,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":693,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":693,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1200x693.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":693,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-727x420.jpg","home_baner-width":727,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"From Robert Alter's Bible Translation and Commentary","tile_main_caption":"God Fools Ahab","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Using false prophecy as a 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His first book \"I Kings - Torn in Two\" was published in 2013. See his website www.alexisrael.org, and his podcasts at https:\/\/elmad.pardes.org\/ and https:\/\/tanachstudy.com\/ \r\n","credit":"","image_url":"","short_description":"Alex Israel teaches Tanakh at the Pardes Institute, Yeshivat Eretz Hatzvi and Matan, Jerusalem.","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":33693,"alt":"","title":"alex israel","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/alex-israel.jpg","width":1657,"height":2500,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/alex-israel-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/alex-israel-199x300.jpg","medium-width":199,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/alex-israel-679x1024.jpg","medium_large-width":679,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/alex-israel-679x1024.jpg","large-width":679,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/alex-israel.jpg","1536x1536-width":1018,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/alex-israel.jpg","2048x2048-width":1357,"2048x2048-height":2048,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/alex-israel-795x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":795,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/alex-israel-278x420.jpg","home_baner-width":278,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"309","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"But it was only when he had no other recourse that he turned to God","post_main_content_content":"

We now bid farewell to Ahab, a central figure for the past five chapters. Both the book of Kings and the Mishnah designate him as one of Israel's most evil kings: \u201cThree kings and four commoners have no portion in the World to Come: Three kings \u2014 Jeroboam, Ahab, and Manasseh\u201d (Sanhedrin 10:2).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

These kings lose their place in the World to Come due to their actions, each leading Israel to a deeper level of idolatry. However, other rabbinic statements are more generous. R. Naliman suggests that \"Ahab was equally balanced\" (Sanhedrin 102b), and in this vein the Talmud formulates a pun based upon his name, depicting him as \"a brother (ah) to Heaven but a father (av) to idolatry\" (ibid.). In other words, his devastating flaws are counterbalanced by his virtues. Ahab's biography bears out this ambivalence. To his discredit, he leads the northern kingdom to unprecedented degrees of idolatry out of a desire to ally himself with Phoenicia and appease his intimidating wife. He turns a blind eye as God's prophets are killed, and he feigns ignorance as murder is committed in his name. He ignores God's instructions when they are inconvenient for him. Yet, to his credit, he responds to God's prophets and abandons Baal after the great assembly at Mount Carmel, and God accepts his repentance.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

What motivates Ahab? Sometimes, he seems easily influenced and manipulated. He can be swayed toward Baal by Jezebel, then inspired by Elijah to kill its prophets and become more committed to God. However, beyond Ahab's impressionability, we might suggest another factor. Ahab finds God only when in dire straits, in existential danger. Whether at the end of three years of drought, or under siege at Samaria, or facing Elijah's threat to his royal legacy, Ahab always turns to God in the proverbial foxhole, when he has no other recourse. Whenever he feels at an advantage, he makes other decisions, frequently allying himself with other powerful forces. In this regard, Ahab's guiding principle is self-interest, whether personal or national. Incapable of making firm commitments, he fluctuates without regard for God's law or the prophet's warning.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In the final analysis, we remember Ahab for the dreadful regime of Baal that he introduced to Samaria and the northern kingdom. Ahab followed Baal when it served the national interest, and God when it suited him. Ahab thus personifies Elijah's famous accusation of the nation, \"wavering between two opinions.\"\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Alex Israel, 1 Kings: Torn in Two<\/em>, Maggid Books, 2013, Ahab\u2019s Final Battle\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":61437,"alt":"","title":"alex israel - kings 1","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1.jpg","width":1020,"height":1304,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1-235x300.jpg","medium-width":235,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1-768x982.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":982,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1-801x1024.jpg","large-width":801,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1.jpg","1536x1536-width":1020,"1536x1536-height":1304,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1.jpg","2048x2048-width":1020,"2048x2048-height":1304,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1-939x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":939,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1-329x420.jpg","home_baner-width":329,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Excerpts from: 1 Kings - Torn in Two","tile_main_caption":"The Two Sides Of Ahab","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"But it was only when he had no other recourse that he turned to God","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":61437,"alt":"","title":"alex israel - kings 1","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1.jpg","width":1020,"height":1304,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1-235x300.jpg","medium-width":235,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1-768x982.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":982,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1-801x1024.jpg","large-width":801,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1.jpg","1536x1536-width":1020,"1536x1536-height":1304,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1.jpg","2048x2048-width":1020,"2048x2048-height":1304,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1-939x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":939,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/alex-israel-kings-1-329x420.jpg","home_baner-width":329,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Kings","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"309","date":"20261104","wall_id":"309"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"400","name":"Sin","old_id":"800"},{"term_id":"429","name":"Idolatry","old_id":"829"},{"term_id":"627","name":"Talmud","old_id":"1027"},{"term_id":"927","name":"Ahab","old_id":"1327"}]},{"order":13,"id":"62244","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Sefaria Source Sheets - I Kings 22 ","post_title":"Sefaria Source Sheets - I Kings 22","slug":"sefaria-source-sheets-i-kings-22","old_id":"62244","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":42228,"post_title":"Sefaria","slug":"sefaria","old_id":"42228","first_name":"","last_name":"Sefaria","description":"Sefaria is a non-profit organization dedicated to building the future of Jewish learning in an open and participatory way. 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\u201cDemonic Forces in the Bible\u201d<\/span><\/a> by Tzvi Sinensky: Spooks and spirits in Tanakh.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cLying in Jewish Text\u201d<\/span><\/a> by Ariel Milan-Polisar: Sources on truth and falsehood.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Go deeper into the chapter....","tile_main_caption":"Source Sheets - I Kings 22","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Links to learning resources","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":42232,"alt":"","title":"sefaria-words-sunburst","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","width":608,"height":395,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-300x195.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":195,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","medium_large-width":608,"medium_large-height":395,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","large-width":608,"large-height":395,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","1536x1536-width":608,"1536x1536-height":395,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","2048x2048-width":608,"2048x2048-height":395,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","post_full_size-width":608,"post_full_size-height":395,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","home_baner-width":608,"home_baner-height":395}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"Sefaria word sunburst visualization","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Kings","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"309","date":"20261104","wall_id":"309"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":14,"id":"62496","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"A Lesson on the Daily Chapter- I Kings 22 ","post_title":"A Lesson on the Daily Chapter- I Kings 22","slug":"a-lesson-on-the-daily-chapter-i-kings-22","old_id":"62496","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":40936,"post_title":"David Silber","slug":"david-silber-2","old_id":"40936","first_name":"David ","last_name":"Silber ","description":"Rabbi David Silber is the Founder and Dean of Drisha Institute for Jewish Education. 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    \r\n\t
  1. The Zedekiah show<\/em>. In the choir of the 400 false prophets, there\u2019s also a solo: \u201cZedekiah son of Chenaanah had provided himself with iron horns; and he said, \u201c\u2018Thus said the LORD: With these you shall gore the Arameans till you make an end of them\u2019\u201d (verse 11).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  2. A rare peek behind the curtain<\/em>. See verses 19-22. A meeting is held among the celestial retinue, how best to persuade Ahab to go to war - and lose. \u201cThen one said thus and another said thus, until a certain spirit came forward and stood before the LORD and said, \u2018I will entice him\u2019\u201d (there). A scene which raises all sorts of theological questions.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  3. Truth and fiction<\/em>. Who is a true prophet and who a false prophet? Is there a sure-fire way to tell them apart? Does this story help answer those questions - or the opposite? On the one hand, Jehoshaphat expresses reservations about the chorus of prophets, and even Ahab seems to be able to intuit when Micaiah is telling the truth and when not. On the other hand, Micaiah himself reflects a complex situation of false messages emanating from trusted sources.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  4. The death of the brave<\/em>. Ahab is wounded in battle, but out of a sense of national responsibility, doesn\u2019t leave the fray, but \u201cremained propped up in the chariot facing Aram\u201d until the evening, until he died (verse 35).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  5. The rest of the deeds of Ahab<\/em>. The book of Kings has devoted six plus chapters to Ahab. They judged him primarily through the lens of his relationship with God and with Elijah, and a little around his war with Aram. Verse 39 suggests that this was not nearly all, that there were also \u201cThe other events of Ahab\u2019s reign, and all his actions\u2014the ivory palace that he built and all the towns that he fortified \u2014are all recorded in the Annals of the Kings of Israel.\u201d But there was even more. Extra-biblical sources testify to King Ahab\u2019s power and standing in the international arena. These many mentions teach us that everything that was included in the biblical text, and everything that wasn\u2019t - was intentional.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  6. Shipwrecks<\/em>. Very bad news. But that\u2019s what happened to the merchant marine of Jehoshaphat in verse 49, scuppering his economic plans.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>","post_main_content_image":{"id":86314,"alt":"","title":"Points to ponder","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"I Kings 22","tile_main_caption":"Points to Ponder","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Insights and questions for personal reflection and group discussion","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":86314,"alt":"","title":"Points to ponder","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Kings","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"309","date":"20261104","wall_id":"309"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false}],"hide_acf":true,"home_image":false,"home_posts":false,"home_posts_title":"","posts_home":[],"static_cube_title":"","static_cube_brief":"","static_cube_color":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall\/62810"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wall"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}