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\u05dc\u05e2\u05e8\u05de\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05d8\u05d2\u05d9\u05ea","post_main_content_description":"\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05d7\u05e1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05d7 \u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d3\u05d5\u05d3, \u05d1\u05d4\u05d1\u05dc\u05d8\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d8\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e0\u05e9\u05e7\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e4\u05e9\u05d5\u05d8 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d1\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9 \u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05d9. \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05db\u05da \u05d4\u05ea\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d5 \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05d8\u05d2\u05d9\u05ea, \u05e9\u05d2\u05dd \u05e9\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e3 \u05dc\u05d2\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e9\u05d4","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_content":"
\u05de\u05db\u05dc \u05d0\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05e2\u05d9 \u05d4\u05ea\u05e0\u05da, \u05e7\u05e8\u05d1 \u05d3\u05d5\u05d3 \u05de\u05d5\u05dc \u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\u05e7 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d3\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d2\u05d9\u05dc \u05d5\u05d4\u05e4\u05da \u05dc\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05e1\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05d7\u05de\u05d4. \u05d0\u05d1\u05e7\u05e9 \u05db\u05d0\u05df \u05dc\u05d4\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05d8 \u05de\u05de\u05d3 \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8, \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05de\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05d8\u05d2\u05d9.\u00a0\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05d7\u05e1\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05d7\u00a0\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05e4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d8\u05db\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d3\u05d5\u05d3, \u05d1\u05d4\u05d1\u05dc\u05d8\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d8\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e0\u05e9\u05e7\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e4\u05e9\u05d5\u05d8 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d1\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9 \u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05d9.\u00a0\u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05db\u05da \u05d4\u05ea\u05e2\u05dc\u05de\u05d5 \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05d8\u05d2\u05d9\u05ea, \u05e9\u05d2\u05dd \u05e9\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e3 \u05dc\u05d2\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e9\u05d4.<\/p>\r\n
\u05d1\u05e9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d7\u05ea \u05d3\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d4\u05e0\u05e2\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05e4\u05df \u05d1\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d7\u05de\u05d5\u05e9 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e8\u05d1 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e0\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8 \u05de\u05e2\u05e7\u05e3 \u05d0\u05e1\u05d8\u05e8\u05d8\u05d2\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d7\u05e8\u05d3\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05dc \u05d4\u05d8\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d1\u05ea\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d4\u05e1\u05db\u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e8\u05d1 \u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05e0\u05e6\u05d9\u05d2\u05d9\u05dd.\u00a0\u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05e6\u05d1\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e0\u05de\u05e6\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d9\u05e9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e2\u05d6 \u05dc\u05e6\u05d0\u05ea \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d7\u05dd \u05d1\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea. \u05d2\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea\u05df, \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dc \u05d7\u05e8\u05d3\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05d5\u05d3\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d2\u05d5\u05d3\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d7\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05db\u05dc \u05d0\u05d7\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d9\u05db\u05e0\u05e1 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e8\u05d1 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4, \u05d1\u05ea\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05dc \u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9 \u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05da \u05e7\u05e8\u05d1 \u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05d3. \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d7\u05e8\u05d3\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05ea\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05dd, \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05dc\u05e9\u05d0\u05ea \u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05d5\u05e8\u05dc, \u05d4\u05ea\u05dc\u05d5\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d4\u05e6\u05dc\u05d7\u05ea\u05dd \u05d0\u05d5 \u05db\u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05e0\u05dd.<\/p>\r\n
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-\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea.","credit":"","image_url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/uploads\/2019\/07\/13-2.jpg","short_description":"","hide_writer":false,"updates_last_update":"04\/09\/2023","link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":117645,"alt":"","title":"-64f6036a63ea6--64f6036a63ea8_\u05d1\u05e8_\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1.jpg","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/64f6036a63ea6-64f6036a63ea8_\u05d1\u05e8_\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1.jpg.jpg","width":473,"height":498,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/64f6036a63ea6-64f6036a63ea8_\u05d1\u05e8_\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1.jpg-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/64f6036a63ea6-64f6036a63ea8_\u05d1\u05e8_\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1.jpg-285x300.jpg","medium-width":285,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/64f6036a63ea6-64f6036a63ea8_\u05d1\u05e8_\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1.jpg.jpg","medium_large-width":473,"medium_large-height":498,"large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/64f6036a63ea6-64f6036a63ea8_\u05d1\u05e8_\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1.jpg.jpg","large-width":473,"large-height":498,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/64f6036a63ea6-64f6036a63ea8_\u05d1\u05e8_\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1.jpg.jpg","1536x1536-width":473,"1536x1536-height":498,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/64f6036a63ea6-64f6036a63ea8_\u05d1\u05e8_\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1.jpg.jpg","2048x2048-width":473,"2048x2048-height":498,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/64f6036a63ea6-64f6036a63ea8_\u05d1\u05e8_\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1.jpg.jpg","post_full_size-width":473,"post_full_size-height":498,"home_baner":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/64f6036a63ea6-64f6036a63ea8_\u05d1\u05e8_\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1.jpg-399x420.jpg","home_baner-width":399,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"iframe":"","related_cahpter":"248","type_929":"2","show_author_image":"true","old_id":"7002","post_main_content_title":"\u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8 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\u05d0).<\/p>","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"\u05d4\u05e6\u05e0\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e9\u05ea\u05dc\u05de\u05ea","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8 \u05d0\u05d7\u05d3 \u05e9\u05d0\u05de\u05e8 \u05d3\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d4\u05e1\u05e4\u05d9\u05e7 \u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05ea\u05df \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05df - \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e9 \u05e9\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d0\u05e8\u05e6\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e9\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e0\u05e4\u05e9\u05d9","tile_preview_embedded":"","seo_seo_title":"929 \u2013 \u05ea\u05e0\u05da \u05d1\u05d9\u05d7\u05d3 | \u05e7\u05e8\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d3\u05d3: \u05d4\u05e6\u05e0\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05e9\u05ea\u05dc\u05de\u05ea","seo_seo_description":"\u05d4\u05d7\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05da \u05e9\u05e7\u05d9\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc \u05d1\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 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He is an Adjunct Assistant Professor at N.Y.U., and his writing has also appeared in The Wall Street Journal, Tablet Magazine, The New York Observer, and a range of other publications. He holds a doctorate in English Literature from Harvard and a law degree from Stanford.\r\n","short_description":"Ari Hoffman is a columnist for the Forward, where he writes about politics and culture, and is an Adjunct Assistant Professor at N.Y.U.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":36424,"alt":"","title":"Ari Hoffman","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400.jpg","width":1044,"height":1438,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400-218x300.jpg","medium-width":218,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400-743x1024.jpg","medium_large-width":743,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400-743x1024.jpg","large-width":743,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400.jpg","1536x1536-width":1044,"1536x1536-height":1438,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400.jpg","2048x2048-width":1044,"2048x2048-height":1438,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400-871x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":871,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400-305x420.jpg","home_baner-width":305,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"56","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Covenant in the past, revelation in the moment, and redemption in the future","post_main_content_content":" In 1995, the Jesuit-trained Jack Miles published the results of a years\u2019 long project to write the biography of the Author of the World. The Pulitzer Prize winning \"<\/span>God: A Biography\"\u00a0<\/span><\/i>is one of the great religious texts of our time. We know God only from His Books, and Miles charts how the Creator creates himself verse to verse and chapter to chapter. The God of the Tanach is not Milton\u2019s God, \u201calone from all eternity.\u201d His story is linked to our history; He is detectable in the firmament and discoverable in the family. We become His memories, even as He charts our futures.<\/span><\/p>\r\n This chapter features God drafting His own autobiography. His story is relational; it coheres in the tangle of revelations and desert-intimacies shown to the patriarchs. Crucially, He tells Moses that, in the words of the contemporary Italian writer Elena Ferrante, this will be the story of a new name. If the relationship with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob establishes continuity of character, the evolution in appellation signals a new chapter. This syncopated beat of sameness and differentiation is how we write ourselves into being. We are always the same, only a little bit different, which makes all the difference in the world. It rhymes with Proust\u2019s fundamental insight in \"\u00c0<\/em><\/span> la reserche du temps purdu<\/span><\/i>,\" namely that the self is an onion of multiple selves, all gummed together by the adhesives of memory and perhaps a madeleine here or there.<\/span><\/p>\r\n The self that is clacking these words out on a keyboard, and the One who speaks to Moses conjure themselves in the present not only by recourse to the past, but through invocation of the future. Covenant in the past, revelation in the moment, and redemption in the future. These are the Divine eruptions of personality, the data points that constellate into personhood. We, created in His image, find our story in His(tory) as we go about scribbling our way to fragile eternities.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Cover illustration: William Blake, wikicommons<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":41147,"alt":"","title":"AHoffman-Blake","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake.jpg","width":631,"height":898,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake-211x300.jpg","medium-width":211,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake.jpg","medium_large-width":631,"medium_large-height":898,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake.jpg","large-width":631,"large-height":898,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake.jpg","1536x1536-width":631,"1536x1536-height":898,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake.jpg","2048x2048-width":631,"2048x2048-height":898,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake.jpg","post_full_size-width":631,"post_full_size-height":898,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake-295x420.jpg","home_baner-width":295,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Biography, Divine and Human","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Covenant in the past, revelation in the moment, and redemption in the future","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":41147,"alt":"","title":"AHoffman-Blake","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake.jpg","width":631,"height":898,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake-211x300.jpg","medium-width":211,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake.jpg","medium_large-width":631,"medium_large-height":898,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake.jpg","large-width":631,"large-height":898,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake.jpg","1536x1536-width":631,"1536x1536-height":898,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake.jpg","2048x2048-width":631,"2048x2048-height":898,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake.jpg","post_full_size-width":631,"post_full_size-height":898,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/AHoffman-Blake-295x420.jpg","home_baner-width":295,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","links":false,"send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Exodus","chapter":"6","chapter_main_number":"56","date":"20251116","wall_id":"56"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"395","name":"Covenant","old_id":"795"},{"term_id":"403","name":"Redemption","old_id":"803"},{"term_id":"541","name":"Revelation","old_id":"941"}]},{"order":2,"id":"40888","color":"#effaea","size":"1","name":"Toastmaster Efforts in a Matzah-Based World ","post_title":"Toastmaster Efforts in a Matzah-Based World","slug":"toastmaster-efforts-in-a-matzah-based-world","old_id":"40888","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":40564,"post_title":"Amanda Weiss","slug":"amanda-weiss","old_id":"40564","first_name":"Amanda","last_name":"Weiss ","description":"Amanda Katherine Weiss is a rabbinical student at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, expecting to graduate in 2023. A graduate of The George Washington University, holds a Graduate Certificate in Jewish Non-Profit Management, an MBA, and most recently, a Certificate in Jewish Education. For over a decade, Amanda has worked as an informal Jewish educator with synagogues, yeshivot, and Hillels .\r\n","short_description":"Amanda Katherine Weiss is a rabbinical student at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion,","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":40565,"alt":"","title":"amanda weiss","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/amanda-weiss-e1537426012940.jpg","width":619,"height":597,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/amanda-weiss-e1537426012940-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/amanda-weiss-e1537426012940-300x289.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":289,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/amanda-weiss-e1537426012940.jpg","medium_large-width":619,"medium_large-height":597,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/amanda-weiss-e1537426012940.jpg","large-width":619,"large-height":597,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/amanda-weiss-e1537426012940.jpg","1536x1536-width":619,"1536x1536-height":597,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/amanda-weiss-e1537426012940.jpg","2048x2048-width":619,"2048x2048-height":597,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/amanda-weiss-e1537426012940.jpg","post_full_size-width":619,"post_full_size-height":597,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/amanda-weiss-e1537426012940-435x420.jpg","home_baner-width":435,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"56","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Public speaking tips for prophets, not profits","post_main_content_content":" In Exodus 6, Moses hesitates twice when faced with God\u2019s request to speak, stating, \u201cAni aral s\u2019fatayim<\/em>\u201d\u2014 \u201cI am impeded in my speech. Why would Pharoah listen to me when the Israelites wouldn\u2019t hear a word?\u201d God\u2019s chosen communicator is facing a crisis of capability, knowing that the message he must deliver is strongly dependent on how well he can deliver it.<\/p>\r\n Our orator faces the following challenges: As public speaking is a shared global fear, I\u2019m including a guide\u2014Five Points for Effective Speaking (SPEAK)<\/em>\u2014which might have helped Moses prepare:<\/p>\r\n 1. Start Strong<\/strong>: Get to your point early on: \u201cLet my people go.\u201d Don\u2019t make your audience hunt for your destination, take them along on the journey. If we could share these tactics with Moses, he too might learn that he need not speak just to be heard, nor stay silent just to feel safe.<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":51731,"alt":"","title":"dt27-teacher","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher.png","width":1096,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher-257x300.png","medium-width":257,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher-768x897.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":897,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher-877x1024.png","large-width":877,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher.png","1536x1536-width":1096,"1536x1536-height":1280,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher.png","2048x2048-width":1096,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher-1028x1200.png","post_full_size-width":1028,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher-360x420.png","home_baner-width":360,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Toastmaster Efforts in a Matzah-Based World","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Public speaking tips for prophets, not profits","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":51731,"alt":"","title":"dt27-teacher","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher.png","width":1096,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher-257x300.png","medium-width":257,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher-768x897.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":897,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher-877x1024.png","large-width":877,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher.png","1536x1536-width":1096,"1536x1536-height":1280,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher.png","2048x2048-width":1096,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher-1028x1200.png","post_full_size-width":1028,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt27-teacher-360x420.png","home_baner-width":360,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","links":false,"send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Exodus","chapter":"6","chapter_main_number":"56","date":"20251116","wall_id":"56"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"617","name":"Speaking","old_id":"1017"}]},{"order":3,"id":"40895","color":"#effaea","size":"1","name":"Contradictions Resolved? ","post_title":"Contradictions Resolved?","slug":"contradictions-resolved","old_id":"40895","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":40005,"post_title":"Marc Brettler","slug":"marc-brettler","old_id":"40005","first_name":"Marc ","last_name":"Brettler ","description":"Marc Brettler is the Bernice and Morton Lerner Professor of Jewish Studies in the Department of Religious Studies at Duke University. His books include: God is King, The Creation of History in Ancient Israel, The Book of Judges, and Biblical Hebrew for Students of Modern Israeli Hebrew, The Bible and the Believer (co-author), and co-editor of the New Oxford Annotated Bible, The Jewish Study Bible, and The Jewish Annotated New Testament. He is a cofounder and co-editor of TheTorah.com, which reflects critical and traditional perspectives to the Jewish Bible.","short_description":"Marc Brettler is the Bernice and Morton Lerner Professor of Jewish Studies in the Department of Religious Studies at Duke University. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":40006,"alt":"","title":"marc brettler","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/marc-brettler-e1536933601769.jpg","width":1012,"height":924,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/marc-brettler-e1536933601769-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/marc-brettler-e1536933601769-300x274.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":274,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/marc-brettler-e1536933601769-768x701.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":701,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/marc-brettler-819x1024.jpg","large-width":819,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/marc-brettler-e1536933601769.jpg","1536x1536-width":1012,"1536x1536-height":924,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/marc-brettler-e1536933601769.jpg","2048x2048-width":1012,"2048x2048-height":924,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/marc-brettler-960x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":960,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/marc-brettler-e1536933601769-460x420.jpg","home_baner-width":460,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"57","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The pluralism of source criticism is a model of inclusivity that is inspiring for us today","post_main_content_content":" In describing the blood plague, the end of Exodus 7 observes: \u201cAnd all the Egyptians had to dig round about the Nile for drinking water, because they could not drink the water of the Nile\u201d (Exodus 7:24). This suggests that the Egyptians\u2019 thirst was slaked by drinking this non-Nile water. \u00a0But how can this be, for Exodus 7:21 states, \u201cthere was blood throughout the land of Egypt\u201d! Similarly, vv. 17b-18 suggests a localized plague, affecting the Nile only (\u201c\u2026the Nile \u2026 will be turned into blood and the fish in the Nile will die. The Nile will stink so that the Egyptians will find it impossible to drink the water of the Nile\u201d), while v. 19 implies that blood will plague all of Egypt (\u201cthe waters of Egypt\u2014its rivers, its canals [Hebrew: Niles], its ponds, all its bodies of water\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\r\n A closer reading brings out other contradictions in this unit: <\/span><\/p>\r\n 1. Is the Nile, singular, afflicted (e.g. v. 18) or the Niles (v. 19)? Taken together, these problems suggest that two stories have been combined here: in one, Aaron stretches out his hand, causing blood throughout the land, while in the other Moses\u2019s staff causes dead fish to contaminate the Nile only. \u00a0(For more details see: https:\/\/thetorah.com\/source-criticism-its-in-the-plague-of-blood\/<\/a>.) \u00a0These stories have been redacted or compiled together by a conservative editor. \u00a0As readers, we naturally gloss over these differences, making the story cohere, though once pointed out, this chapter\u2019s duplications and contradictions become blatant. \u00a0By preserving both stories, the Torah\u2019s redactor offers a pre-rabbinic example of the famous dictum elu ve-elu divrei elohim chayyim<\/em>\u2014both opinions are the word of the powerful God (b. Eruvin<\/i> 13b).<\/p>\r\n This is one of many such cases in the Torah where source criticism, the theory that the Torah was composed from distinct pre-existing documents (\u201csources\u201d), powerfully explains some basic problems in the Torah text. Genesis 1-3 similarly preserves two contradictory creation stories, though these are presented sequentially rather than intertwined. Such inclusive compromises offer an important model for us today.<\/span><\/p>\r\n image:\u00a0Documentary Hypothesis Sources Distribution \/ wikipedia (CC)<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":104305,"alt":"","title":"-62656ced0179b--62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png.png","width":1112,"height":665,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png-300x179.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":179,"medium_large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png-768x459.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":459,"large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png-1024x612.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":612,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png.png","1536x1536-width":1112,"1536x1536-height":665,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png.png","2048x2048-width":1112,"2048x2048-height":665,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png.png","post_full_size-width":1112,"post_full_size-height":665,"home_baner":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png-702x420.png","home_baner-width":702,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Contradictions Resolved?","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"The pluralism of source criticism is a model of inclusivity that is inspiring for us today","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":104305,"alt":"","title":"-62656ced0179b--62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png.png","width":1112,"height":665,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png-300x179.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":179,"medium_large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png-768x459.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":459,"large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png-1024x612.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":612,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png.png","1536x1536-width":1112,"1536x1536-height":665,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png.png","2048x2048-width":1112,"2048x2048-height":665,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png.png","post_full_size-width":1112,"post_full_size-height":665,"home_baner":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/09\/62656ced0179b-62656ced0179cex7-Documentary_Hypothesis_Sources_Distribution_English.png-702x420.png","home_baner-width":702,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","links":false,"send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Exodus","chapter":"7","chapter_main_number":"57","date":"20251117","wall_id":"57"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"425","name":"Pluralism","old_id":"825"},{"term_id":"622","name":"Criticism","old_id":"1022"},{"term_id":"623","name":"Sources","old_id":"1023"},{"term_id":"624","name":"Academic","old_id":"1024"}]},{"order":4,"id":"41009","color":"#effaea","size":"1","name":"Did Moses Lie To Pharaoh? ","post_title":"Did Moses Lie To Pharaoh?","slug":"did-moses-lie-to-pharaoh","old_id":"41009","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":33923,"post_title":"Jonathan Sacks","slug":"rabbi-lord-jonathan-sacks","old_id":"33923","first_name":"Jonathan ","last_name":"Sacks","description":"An international religious leader, philosopher, and award-winning author of over 35 books, Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks served as the International President of 929.\r\nRabbi Sacks served as the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth years between 1991 and 2013, and was knighted by Her Majesty The Queen in 2005 and made a Life Peer. Rabbi Sacks passed away on 7th November 2020, aged 72. He was one of the greatest Jewish thinkers of the 20th century, who bridged the religious and secular world through his ground-breaking canon of work.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"short_description":"Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks z\"k (1948-2020) was the former Chief Rabbi of the Commonwealth, and the International 929 president.","link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":36222,"alt":"","title":"JSacks","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-e1532858712594.jpg","width":437,"height":548,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-e1532858712594-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-e1532858712594-239x300.jpg","medium-width":239,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-768x448.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":448,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-1024x597.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":597,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-e1532858712594.jpg","1536x1536-width":437,"1536x1536-height":548,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-e1532858712594.jpg","2048x2048-width":437,"2048x2048-height":548,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-e1532858712594.jpg","post_full_size-width":437,"post_full_size-height":548,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-e1532858712594-335x420.jpg","home_baner-width":335,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"58","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Acting from powerlessness in a world of power","post_main_content_content":" Why did Moses tell Pharaoh, if not a lie, then less than the full truth? Here is the conversation between him and Pharaoh after the fourth plague,\u202farov, \u201cswarms of insects\u201d (some say \u201cwild animals\u201d):<\/span><\/p>\r\n Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, \u201cGo, sacrifice to your God here in the land.\u201d But Moses said, \u201cThat would not be right. The sacrifices we offer the Lord our God would be detestable to the Egyptians. And if we offer sacrifices that are detestable in their eyes, will they not stone us?\u202fWe must take a three-day journey into the wilderness\u202f to offer sacrifices to the Lord our God, as He commands us.\u201d (Ex. 8:21-23)<\/span><\/p>\r\n At no stage does Moses say explicitly that he is proposing that the people should be allowed to leave permanently, never to return. He talks of a three day journey. There is an argument between him and Pharaoh as to who is to go. Only the adult males? Only the people, not the cattle? Moses consistently asks for permission to worship God, at some place that is not Egypt. But he does not speak about freedom or the promised land. Why not? Why does he create, and not correct, a false impression? Why can he not say openly what he means?<\/span><\/p>\r\n The terms of the encounter between Moses and Pharaoh are part of a wider pattern that we have already observed in the Torah. When Jacob leaves Laban (Gen. 31:20), Jacob again has to tell at best a half-truth when Esau suggests that they travel together (33:13-14), when Jacob\u2019s sons are trying to rescue their sister Dina who has been raped and abducted by Shechem the Hivite, they \u201creplied deceitfully\u201d (34:13), \u00a0and earlier still we find that three times Abraham and Isaac, forced to leave home because of famine, have to pretend that they are their wives\u2019 brothers not their husbands (Gen. 12, 20, 26).<\/span><\/p>\r\n These six episodes cannot be entirely accidental or coincidental to the biblical narrative as a whole. The implication seems to be this: Outside the promised land Jews in the biblical age are in danger if they tell the truth. They are at constant risk of being killed or at best enslaved.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Why? Because they are powerless in an age of power. They are a small family, at best a small nation, in an age of empires. They have to use their wits to survive. By and large they do not tell lies but they can create a false impression. This is not how things should be. But it is how they were before Jews had their own land, their one and only defensible space. It is how people in impossible situations are forced to be if they are to exist at all.<\/span><\/p>\r\n From: <\/span>Freedom & Truth (Covenant & Conversation, Va\u2019era 5777)<\/span><\/i><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":73652,"alt":"","title":"ez13-truthmeter","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter.jpg","width":534,"height":173,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter-300x97.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":97,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter.jpg","medium_large-width":534,"medium_large-height":173,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter.jpg","large-width":534,"large-height":173,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter.jpg","1536x1536-width":534,"1536x1536-height":173,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter.jpg","2048x2048-width":534,"2048x2048-height":173,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter.jpg","post_full_size-width":534,"post_full_size-height":173,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter.jpg","home_baner-width":534,"home_baner-height":173}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Did Moses Lie To Pharaoh?","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Acting from powerlessness in a world of power","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":73652,"alt":"","title":"ez13-truthmeter","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter.jpg","width":534,"height":173,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter-300x97.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":97,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter.jpg","medium_large-width":534,"medium_large-height":173,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter.jpg","large-width":534,"large-height":173,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter.jpg","1536x1536-width":534,"1536x1536-height":173,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter.jpg","2048x2048-width":534,"2048x2048-height":173,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter.jpg","post_full_size-width":534,"post_full_size-height":173,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ez13-truthmeter.jpg","home_baner-width":534,"home_baner-height":173}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","links":false,"send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Exodus","chapter":"8","chapter_main_number":"58","date":"20251118","wall_id":"58"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"354","name":"Rabbi Sacks","old_id":"754"},{"term_id":"430","name":"Land of Israel","old_id":"830"},{"term_id":"503","name":"Power","old_id":"903"},{"term_id":"625","name":"Lying","old_id":"1025"}]},{"order":5,"id":"57966","color":"#f6edf6","size":"1","name":"Historical Veracity And Military Audacity ","post_title":"Historical Veracity And Military Audacity","slug":"historical-veracity-and-military-audacity","old_id":"57966","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34235,"post_title":"Marc Gitler","slug":"marc-gitler","old_id":"34235","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Gitler","description":"Rabbi Marc Gitler, a recipient of the Wexner Fellowship, was ordained at Yeshivat Chovevei Torah, and earned an MPA from NYU . The founder of Fast for Feast, he lives in Denver, Colorado with his wife Sarah and their four children. He used to work for 929 North America.\r\n","short_description":"Rabbi Marc Gitler, founder of Fast for Feast, lives in Denver, Colorado with his wife Sarah and their four children. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34236,"alt":"","title":"Marc Gitler","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler.jpg","width":407,"height":407,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler.jpg","medium_large-width":407,"medium_large-height":407,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler.jpg","large-width":407,"large-height":407,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler.jpg","1536x1536-width":407,"1536x1536-height":407,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler.jpg","2048x2048-width":407,"2048x2048-height":407,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler.jpg","post_full_size-width":407,"post_full_size-height":407,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler.jpg","home_baner-width":407,"home_baner-height":407}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"246","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Just ask Major Vivian Gilbert how Jonathan\u2019s commando tactics worked in 1918","post_main_content_content":" In February of 1918, toward the tail end of World War I, British troops under the command of General Edmund Allenby were ordered to attack Jericho, to force the Ottomans to flee to the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River. For tactical reasons, prior to the major assault, the troops needed to capture a small village called Mukhmas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n An attack plan was drawn up calling for their brigade to advance down the valley before dawn and take the village from the front. \u00a0While most of the troops were trying to get a few hours of sleep, an unnamed brigade major was reading the Bible, \u201cby the light of his candle,\u201d because the name Mukhmas seemed vaguely familiar.<\/span><\/p>\r\n In his book \u201cThe Romance of the Last Crusade\u201d Major Vivian Gilbert writes \u201cJust as he was about to turn in for the night, however, he recollected, and thought he would look it up. He found what he was searching for in Samuel 1 chapters 13 and 14.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n And Saul and Jonathan\u2026abode in Gibeah of Benjamin: but the Philistines encamped in Mickmash\u2026<\/span><\/p>\r\n He read of Jonathan and his arm-bearer climbing to the town over steep cliffs, through two sharp rocks named Bozez and Seneh. How Jonathan\u2019s surprise attack caused panic in the camp, and the Philistines scattering in all directions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Gilbert continues \u201cThe Brigade Major thought to himself: \u2018This pass, these two rocky headlands and flat piece of ground are probably still here.\u201d He woke the Brigadier. Scouts were set out and reported back that the pass was thinly held by the Ottomans. \u201cThe general decided then and there to change the plan of attack, and instead of the whole brigade, one infantry company alone advanced at dead of night along the pass of Mickmash\u2026We passed between Bozez and Seneh, climbed the hillside, and just before dawn, found ourselves on the flat piece of ground. The Turks who were sleeping awoke, thought they were surrounded by the armies of Allenby and fled in disorder.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n He concludes his chapter \u201cWe killed or captured every Turk that night in Mickmash, so that, after thousands of years, the tactics of Saul and Jonathan were repeated with success by a British force.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n Sometimes being a Bibliophile helps in more than just Jeopardy and Trivial Pursuit.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Image: British infantry on the march, Palestine (credit: Imperial War Museum)<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":57967,"alt":"","title":"isam14-british-troops-palestine","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-british-troops-palestine.jpg","width":800,"height":468,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-british-troops-palestine-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-british-troops-palestine-300x176.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":176,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-british-troops-palestine-768x449.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":449,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-british-troops-palestine.jpg","large-width":800,"large-height":468,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-british-troops-palestine.jpg","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":468,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-british-troops-palestine.jpg","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":468,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-british-troops-palestine.jpg","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":468,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-british-troops-palestine-718x420.jpg","home_baner-width":718,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Historical Veracity And Military Audacity","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Just ask Major Vivian Gilbert how Jonathan\u2019s commando tactics worked in 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Samuel","chapter":"14","chapter_main_number":"246","date":"20260809","wall_id":"246"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"430","name":"Land of Israel","old_id":"830"},{"term_id":"434","name":"War","old_id":"834"},{"term_id":"444","name":"History","old_id":"844"}]},{"order":6,"id":"57975","color":"#e0e9ef","size":"1","name":"Saul Repeats, And Repairs History ","post_title":"Saul Repeats, And Repairs History","slug":"saul-repeats-and-repairs-history","old_id":"57975","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34245,"post_title":"Rachel Sharansky Danziger","slug":"rachel-sharansky-danziger","old_id":"34245","first_name":"Rachel Sharansky","last_name":"Danziger","description":"Rachel Sharansky Danziger is a Jerusalem-born writer and speaker who blogs about Judaism, parenting, and life in Israel. She currently lives in Boston, where she teaches about storytelling in the bible and the subversive depths of Hebrew words.\r\n","short_description":"Rachel Sharansky Danziger is a Jerusalem-born Boston-based writer and speaker about Judaism, parenting, and life in Israel. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34246,"alt":"","title":"RSDanziger","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger.jpg","width":1171,"height":1769,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger-199x300.jpg","medium-width":199,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger-678x1024.jpg","medium_large-width":678,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger-678x1024.jpg","large-width":678,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger.jpg","1536x1536-width":1017,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger.jpg","2048x2048-width":1171,"2048x2048-height":1769,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger-794x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":794,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger-278x420.jpg","home_baner-width":278,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"246","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"And in the process, helps to forge a people who will survive him","post_main_content_content":" Saul\u2019s first campaign, his war against Ammon, borrowed and rearranged elements from the civil war that ended the book of Judges. Saul\u2019s next campaign, here in chapter 14, borrows and rearranges elements from another story in Judges \u2013 the story of Jephthah. Like Jephthah (who, incidentally, gained his position of leadership by defeating the Ammonites, like Saul after him), Saul made a vow that doomed his own child to die.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Each of these variations alludes to prior events but removes their tragic sting. Saul\u2019s campaign against the Ammonites resembles the Israelite campaign against his own tribe in Judges 20-21, but forges a wholly different kind of unity. In Judges, the people united around torn human flesh; Saul rallies them around torn oxen. In Judges, they cemented their unity by vowing to kill whoever wouldn\u2019t join them; Saul cements the people\u2019s unity by vowing to destroy the property of those who wouldn\u2019t join them \u2013 not their lives. Most importantly, in Judges the Israelites united to kill some of their own; Saul, by contrast, united the people to save an Israelite city --- the very city that the Israelites destroyed due to their vow in Judges. Similarly, when Saul prepares to execute his son the people intervene and break the pattern. They declare that \u201cnot a hair of his head shall fall to the ground!\" (14:45), and stop Saul from following in Jephthah\u2019s footsteps.<\/span><\/p>\r\n While both variations alter the previous stories in ways that allow a happy ending, Saul plays profoundly different roles in each reprise. In chapter 11, he is the man who breaks the older, tragic pattern. In chapter 14 Saul becomes part of the problematic pattern, and it falls to the <\/span>'am<\/span><\/i> \u2013 the nation \u2013 to make the crucial change instead.<\/span><\/p>\r\n The difference between Saul\u2019s roles in these variations illuminates both his decline \u2013 and his success. The man who started his reign by showing initiative and leadership can no longer think outside the box. He will assume an increasingly reactive role in coming chapters, leaving the stage clear for the boldness of a young shepherd with a sling and five smooth stones. But at the same time, the mere fact that the people act as one to save Jonathan demonstrates Saul\u2019s lasting success. The unity he forged against Ammon survived beyond that one first battle. It allowed the people to act as an <\/span>'am<\/span><\/i>, a nation. It created an entity that can survive his own decline.<\/span><\/p>\r\n image:\u00a0\u00a0Painting Of The King Saul,\u00a0Dr. Lidia Kozenitzky, 2009 \/ wikimedia<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":57976,"alt":"","title":"isam14-saul-horses","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses.jpg","width":706,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses-212x300.jpg","medium-width":212,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses.jpg","medium_large-width":706,"medium_large-height":1000,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses.jpg","large-width":706,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses.jpg","1536x1536-width":706,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses.jpg","2048x2048-width":706,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses.jpg","post_full_size-width":706,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses-297x420.jpg","home_baner-width":297,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Saul Repeats, And Repairs History","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"And in the process, helps to forge a people who will survive him","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":57976,"alt":"","title":"isam14-saul-horses","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses.jpg","width":706,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses-212x300.jpg","medium-width":212,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses.jpg","medium_large-width":706,"medium_large-height":1000,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses.jpg","large-width":706,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses.jpg","1536x1536-width":706,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses.jpg","2048x2048-width":706,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses.jpg","post_full_size-width":706,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam14-saul-horses-297x420.jpg","home_baner-width":297,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"14","chapter_main_number":"246","date":"20260809","wall_id":"246"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"594","name":"Unity","old_id":"994"},{"term_id":"837","name":"Judges","old_id":"1237"},{"term_id":"865","name":"Jephthah","old_id":"1265"},{"term_id":"885","name":"Saul","old_id":"1285"}]},{"order":7,"id":"58009","color":"#faeed8","size":"1","name":"Amalekites And Kenites, Cruelty And Compassion ","post_title":"Amalekites And Kenites, Cruelty And Compassion","slug":"amalekites-and-kenites-cruelty-and-compassion","old_id":"58009","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":48376,"post_title":"Tzvi Novick","slug":"tzvi-novick","old_id":"48376","first_name":"Tzvi ","last_name":"Novick ","description":"Tzvi Novick holds the Abrams College Chair of Jewish Thought and Culture at the University of Notre Dame, where he teaches in the Department of Theology. His research focuses on rabbinic literature and early liturgical poetry.\r\n ","short_description":"Tzvi Novick holds the Abrams College Chair of Jewish Thought and Culture at the University of Notre Dame","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":48377,"alt":"","title":"May 10, 2013; Tzvi Novick..Photo by Matt Cashore\/University of Notre Dame","caption":"May 10, 2013; Tzvi Novick..Photo by Matt Cashore\/University of Notre Dame","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/tzvi-novick-e1548753867386.jpg","width":1416,"height":1812,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/tzvi-novick-e1548753867386-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/tzvi-novick-e1548753867386-234x300.jpg","medium-width":234,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/tzvi-novick-e1548753867386-768x983.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":983,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/tzvi-novick-e1548753867386-800x1024.jpg","large-width":800,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/tzvi-novick-e1548753867386.jpg","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/tzvi-novick-e1548753867386.jpg","2048x2048-width":1416,"2048x2048-height":1812,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/tzvi-novick-e1548753867386-938x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":938,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/tzvi-novick-e1548753867386-328x420.jpg","home_baner-width":328,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"247","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The Amalekites are not emotionally unintelligent. But they are cruel","post_main_content_content":" God acts in today\u2019s chapter on a promise that he made long before. Upon departing Egypt for the wilderness, Israel was immediately set upon by the Amalekites. (Exodus 17:8-16) With Joshua on the field of battle and Moses above, raising his hands, Israel defeated the Amalekites, and God pledged to make eternal war against them. Now Samuel comes to Saul, recalling the Amalekite attack on Israel \u201cwhen it went up from Egypt\u201d (1 Samuel 15:2), and urges him to seek vengeance. Saul marches on the city of the Amalekites, but before he attacks, he warns off the Kenites, a tribe that evidently lives alongside the Amalekites: \u201cTurn and descend from the midst of the Amalekites, lest I sweep you away with them; yet you did kindness with all the children of Israel when they went up from Egypt\u201d (15:6). The Kenites are descended from Jethro, Moses\u2019 father-in-law, and Saul seems to allude to the story in which Jethro counseled Moses to establish a judicial system rather than serve alone as judge for all Israel (Exodus 18).<\/span><\/p>\r\n This passage, pairing the Amalekites and the family of Jethro as two groups that came to Israel after the exodus from Egypt, the second directly after the first, the one to do evil and the other good, compels us to reflect on the two passages in Exodus 17-18. Two notable points of comparison emerge. First, both the Amalekites and Jethro are attentive to the limitations of physical body. Jethro appreciates that Moses cannot judge the people alone; \u201cyou will wither away, you and all the people with you\u201d (Exodus 18:18). The Amalekites too, take note of others\u2019 fatigue. They recognize that the Israelites, after their hurried departure from Egypt, are \u201ctired and weary\u201d (Deuteronomy 25:18). The Amalekites are not emotionally unintelligent. But they are cruel. Unlike Jethro, they intervene not to prevent debilitating weariness, but to take advantage of it.<\/span><\/p>\r\n We also learn something about Moses. In Exodus 18 he is unable to recognize his own limitations: Jethro must teach him that he cannot judge the people alone. Yet in the very preceding narrative, in the war against Amalek, he takes Aaron and Hur with him up the hill, evidently aware that he will need their support to hold up his hands over the course of the entire battle (18:10-12). But there is a certain logic in Moses\u2019 selective blindness, if we attend to the connection between self-perception and self-evaluation. \u00a0Moses conceives of himself, we may suppose, as a teacher, not a warrior. In his own eyes, he is a man who works with his head, not his hands. It is easy for him to see that he cannot fight Israel\u2019s battles by himself, even in the quasi-magical way in which he conducts the war from the hilltop. But it is harder for him to acknowledge the fact that even in the role with which he most identifies, as Israel\u2019s teacher, his capacities are not unlimited. To see this, he needs Jethro\u2019s outsider perspective.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Image: William Brassey Hole: Battle of Raphidim \/ wikimedia<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":58010,"alt":"","title":"isam15-amalek","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek.jpg","width":549,"height":442,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek-300x242.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":242,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek.jpg","medium_large-width":549,"medium_large-height":442,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek.jpg","large-width":549,"large-height":442,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek.jpg","1536x1536-width":549,"1536x1536-height":442,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek.jpg","2048x2048-width":549,"2048x2048-height":442,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek.jpg","post_full_size-width":549,"post_full_size-height":442,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek-522x420.jpg","home_baner-width":522,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Amalekites And Kenites, Cruelty And Compassion","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"The Amalekites are not emotionally unintelligent. But they are cruel","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":58010,"alt":"","title":"isam15-amalek","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek.jpg","width":549,"height":442,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek-300x242.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":242,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek.jpg","medium_large-width":549,"medium_large-height":442,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek.jpg","large-width":549,"large-height":442,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek.jpg","1536x1536-width":549,"1536x1536-height":442,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek.jpg","2048x2048-width":549,"2048x2048-height":442,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek.jpg","post_full_size-width":549,"post_full_size-height":442,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-amalek-522x420.jpg","home_baner-width":522,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"15","chapter_main_number":"247","date":"20260810","wall_id":"247"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"397","name":"Moses","old_id":"797"},{"term_id":"436","name":"Morality","old_id":"836"},{"term_id":"603","name":"Jethro","old_id":"1003"},{"term_id":"641","name":"Amalek","old_id":"1041"}]},{"order":8,"id":"58006","color":"#e6f5f3","size":"1","name":"You May Look Small In Your Own Eyes ","post_title":"You May Look Small In Your Own Eyes","slug":"you-may-look-small-in-your-own-eyes","old_id":"58006","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":36277,"post_title":"Yedidya Sinclair","slug":"yedidya-sinclair","old_id":"36277","first_name":"Yedidya","last_name":"Sinclair","description":"Rabbi Yedidya Sinclair serves as Senior Rabbinic Scholar at Hazon, the leading US Jewish environmental organization. From 2011-16 he was Vice President for Research and Senior Economist at Energiya Global, a Jerusalem-based solar energy company focused on the developing world and he continues to consult on renewable energy and climate change preparedness. In 2014 he published together with Hazon, a translation of Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook's great work on shmitta, the Sabbatical year, \"Introduction to Shabbat Ha'aretz.\" Yedidya holds a BA from Oxford University, an MPA from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and lives with his family in Jerusalem.","short_description":"Yedidya Sinclair is a Jerusalem-based rabbi and economist, and is Senior Rabbinic Scholar at Hazon. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":36278,"alt":"","title":"yedidya sinclair","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","width":200,"height":200,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","medium-width":200,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","medium_large-width":200,"medium_large-height":200,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","large-width":200,"large-height":200,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","1536x1536-width":200,"1536x1536-height":200,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","2048x2048-width":200,"2048x2048-height":200,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","post_full_size-width":200,"post_full_size-height":200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/yedidya-sinclair.jpg","home_baner-width":200,"home_baner-height":200}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"247","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The psychological root of Saul\u2019s failure: his chronic lack of self-esteem","post_main_content_content":" \u201cYou may look small in your own eyes, but you are the head of the tribes of Israel\u201d (15:17). With these words the prophet Samuel unsparingly exposes the psychological root of Saul\u2019s failure for which he is now to lose his kingdom. The king is chronically lacking in self-esteem.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Saul has just admitted that he disobeyed the prophet\u2019s command not to spare the animals of Amalek after defeating Israel\u2019s mortal enemy because his men insisted, and Saul didn\u2019t dare defy them. As he shamefacedly confesses: \u201cI did wrong to transgress the Lord\u2019s command, but I was afraid of the troops and yielded to them\u201d (15: 24). A leader who betrays crucial principles out of fear of his followers is finished. Even if he limps on in office, as did Saul, his authority has been fatally undermined.<\/span><\/p>\r\n The end of the preceding episode foreshadows Saul\u2019s fall and sheds further light on its causes. His son Jonathan led a daring guerrilla attack on the Philistines that sets up victory for the Israelites. Jonathan then helps himself to some honey on the end of his stick, not knowing that his father Saul had placed a curse on any man who eats food before nightfall on the day of the battle. When Jonathan\u2019s trivial transgression comes to light, Saul declares that his son must die. But the troops protest, \u201cShall Jonathan die after bringing this great victory to Israel? Never!\u201d (14:45). Saul backs down in the face of their vehement opposition and spares Jonathan.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Saul is clumsy and irresolute in his wielding of absolute authority. He makes up a tyrannical rule, tries to enforce it in a cruel and self-sabotaging way and then caves to his followers when they point out the outrageous injustice of it all. One may well imagine that this incident shook Saul\u2019s faith in his own judgment and planted in him the seeds of fear of his people\u2019s opposition.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Did Saul ever have a chance? Was he doomed to fail? After all, his shortage of self-confidence appeared the first time we met him when he protested to Samuel his unworthiness to be king, being \u201conly a Benjaminite, from the smallest of the tribes of Israel\u201d (9:21). Wasn\u2019t the flaw that led to his eventual undoing evident from the outset?<\/span><\/p>\r\n There is a big difference, though between the episodes of Jonathan and Amalek, which suggests that Saul\u2019s failure was not inevitable. In chapter 14, Saul gives in to his troops\u2019 objections to his carrying out a command that he himself invented. In today\u2019s chapter he surrenders to their opposition even to carrying out a command that came from God. Its divine origin could have made the difference. \u00a0Lack of self-worth plagues many of us, even a king of Israel. But when we are filled with a divine command and purpose, we can be bigger than our vacillating, selves, overcome the doubting voices within and face down the crowds that would dissuade us.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":58007,"alt":"","title":"isam15-small","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small.jpg","width":300,"height":214,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small-300x214.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":214,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small.jpg","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":214,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small.jpg","large-width":300,"large-height":214,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small.jpg","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":214,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small.jpg","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":214,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small.jpg","post_full_size-width":300,"post_full_size-height":214,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small.jpg","home_baner-width":300,"home_baner-height":214}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"You May Look Small In Your Own Eyes","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"The psychological root of Saul\u2019s failure: his chronic lack of self-esteem","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":58007,"alt":"","title":"isam15-small","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small.jpg","width":300,"height":214,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small-300x214.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":214,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small.jpg","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":214,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small.jpg","large-width":300,"large-height":214,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small.jpg","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":214,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small.jpg","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":214,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small.jpg","post_full_size-width":300,"post_full_size-height":214,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam15-small.jpg","home_baner-width":300,"home_baner-height":214}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"15","chapter_main_number":"247","date":"20260810","wall_id":"247"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"386","name":"Psychology","old_id":"786"},{"term_id":"885","name":"Saul","old_id":"1285"}]},{"order":9,"id":"58056","color":"#f7e9e9","size":"1","name":"God Looks At The Heart ","post_title":"God Looks At The Heart","slug":"god-looks-at-the-heart","old_id":"58056","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":33877,"post_title":"Marc Bregman","slug":"marc-bregman","old_id":"33877","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Bregman","description":"Marc Bregman received his Ph.D. from The Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1991. He taught at the Hebrew Union College (Jerusalem), The Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the Schechter Institute for Judaic Studies in Jerusalem, and at the Ben-Gurion University in Beer Sheba, Israel. During 1993 he was Visiting Associate Professor at Yale University, and during 1996 he was the Stroum Professor of Jewish Studies and Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Washington in Seattle. During 2005, Bregman served as the Harry Starr Fellow in Judaica at Harvard University and was awarded a Teaching Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. He also has served as Forchheimer Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Humanities at The Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He is the author of The Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature: Studies in the Evolution of the Versions (Gorgias Press, 2003). In 2006, Bregman was appointed the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro, where he also headed the program in Jewish Studies, until 2013. Bregman retired from UNCG as of July 31, 2017. He has now returned to Jerusalem where he is continuing his research and teaching activities.","credit":"","image_url":"","short_description":"Marc Bregman is the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies emeritus, at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro.","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":33878,"alt":"Marc Bregman","title":"Marc Bregman","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","width":361,"height":488,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-222x300.jpg","medium-width":222,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","medium_large-width":361,"medium_large-height":488,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","large-width":361,"large-height":488,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","1536x1536-width":361,"1536x1536-height":488,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","2048x2048-width":361,"2048x2048-height":488,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","post_full_size-width":361,"post_full_size-height":488,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-311x420.jpg","home_baner-width":311,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"248","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Seat of wisdom, understanding and the human soul","post_main_content_content":" In our chapter, Samuel anoints David as the second king of Israel. This takes place after an extensive process of selection (16:1-13). After a number of likely looking candidates are considered, God tells Samuel: \u201cDo not consider his appearance or his height, for I have rejected him. The Lord does not look at the things people look at. People look at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart\u201d (verse 7).<\/span><\/p>\r\n This verse serves as the conclusion to an extensive discussion of the word \u201cheart\u201d (lev<\/em>) in a late midrashic work, \u201cThe Alphabet of Rabbi Akivah\u201d: The 12<\/span>th<\/span> letter of the Hebrew alphabet -- Lamed is composed of three letters L-M-D, which can be read as an abbreviation of the Hebrew phase: Lev Meyvin Da\u2019at<\/em> \u201cThe Heart Understands Knowledge\u201d. This teaches that the human Heart is \u201cequivalent to\u201d all other parts of the human body. For example, Scripture suggests that the heart may be said to \u201csee\u201d: Kohelet says \u201cmy heart has seen much wisdom and knowledge\u201d, after having just said \u201cI spoke with my own heart\u201d (dibarti \u2018ani \u2018im libi<\/em>) (Ecclesiastes 1:16). Thus, the heart can be said to have the ability to \u201chear\u201d, as when Solomon prays for a \u201chearing heart\u201d (lev shomea<\/em>\u2019) (I King 3:9). The heart can be wise or foolish (Ecclesiastes 10:2). The heart can be \u201cbroken and contrite\u201d (Psalms 51:19 \u2013 lev nishbar ve-nidkeh<\/em>); but it can also \u201cheal\" (Proverbs 14:30 \u2013 lev marpe\u2019<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\r\n The Brown, Driver and Briggs, Biblical Lexicon, s.v. levav<\/em> defines lev<\/em> as \u201cthe inner man, mind, will, heart\u201d or \u201csoul\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\r\n In modern times, we often think of the brain as the seat of the mind, i.e \u201cthought\u201d, and heart as the seat of the emotions, i.e. \u201cfeeling\u201d. As the French writer Andr\u00e9 Malraux (La Condition Humaine,<\/em> 1933) succinctly states: \u201cWhat the mind sees the heart feels\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\r\n However, medical research in the developing field of neurocardiology has suggested that \"the heart is a state of intelligent consciousness\", apparently containing some 40,000 neurons -- greater in amplitude and intensity than the brain. The theory of \u201cheart-brain connection\u201d suggests that the heart is a highly complex system with its own functional \u201cbrain\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\r\n This is perhaps the reason that God is said to \u201clook at the heart\u201d (yire\u2019h la-levav<\/em>) in selecting David to be the second king of Israel.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Image by: Damian Niolet from Pixabay<\/span> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":58057,"alt":"","title":"isam16-heart-brain","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-heart-brain.png","width":1920,"height":1920,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-heart-brain-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-heart-brain-300x300.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-heart-brain-768x768.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-heart-brain-1024x1024.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-heart-brain.png","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-heart-brain.png","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1920,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-heart-brain-1200x1200.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-heart-brain-420x420.png","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"God Looks At The Heart","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Seat of wisdom, understanding and the human 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Samuel","chapter":"16","chapter_main_number":"248","date":"20260811","wall_id":"248"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"447","name":"Heart","old_id":"847"},{"term_id":"834","name":"David","old_id":"1234"}]},{"order":10,"id":"58064","color":"#f7f7f5","size":"1","name":"Leadership Is Not Born in a Moment ","post_title":"Leadership Is Not Born In A Moment","slug":"leadership-is-not-born-in-a-moment","old_id":"58064","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":58023,"post_title":"Lianna Mendelson","slug":"lianna-mendelson","old_id":"58023","first_name":"Lianna ","last_name":"Mendelson ","description":"Lianna Mendelson is a fourth-year cantorial student at Hebrew Union College. 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David was the youngest of eight brothers, a shepherd and a musician, an altogether unlikely king. How had he spent his years working up to that moment? When Samuel comes looking for Saul\u2019s replacement, David isn\u2019t even home. If he even knew that there was an important visitor, he had prioritized tending to his flock over meeting a prophet. When he does return, still red-faced from work and probably smelling like sheep, God tells Samuel to anoint him right away. He does so, in a private ceremony attended only by his family.<\/span><\/p>\r\n However, divine anointing alone is not enough to make a king. David keeps this incident secret, so that only he and his family know he is due to be king. He does not actually ascend the throne for another sixteen chapters, until he has both learned how to rule and proven his capabilities. A galvanizing speech can set a politician up for a successful race, but they still have to run. Perhaps the process of building a leader is comprised of both prophetic moments and unseen efforts.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Image: Samuel Anointing David, Dura Europus, c. 245 C.E.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":58065,"alt":"","title":"isam16-anoint","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint.jpg","width":757,"height":629,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint-300x249.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":249,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint.jpg","medium_large-width":757,"medium_large-height":629,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint.jpg","large-width":757,"large-height":629,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint.jpg","1536x1536-width":757,"1536x1536-height":629,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint.jpg","2048x2048-width":757,"2048x2048-height":629,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint.jpg","post_full_size-width":757,"post_full_size-height":629,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint-505x420.jpg","home_baner-width":505,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Leadership Is Not Born In A Moment","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"It consists in prophetic moments and unseen efforts, among other things","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":58065,"alt":"","title":"isam16-anoint","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint.jpg","width":757,"height":629,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint-300x249.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":249,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint.jpg","medium_large-width":757,"medium_large-height":629,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint.jpg","large-width":757,"large-height":629,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint.jpg","1536x1536-width":757,"1536x1536-height":629,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint.jpg","2048x2048-width":757,"2048x2048-height":629,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint.jpg","post_full_size-width":757,"post_full_size-height":629,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam16-anoint-505x420.jpg","home_baner-width":505,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"16","chapter_main_number":"248","date":"20260811","wall_id":"248"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"402","name":"Leadership","old_id":"802"},{"term_id":"834","name":"David","old_id":"1234"}]},{"order":11,"id":"58104","color":"#effaea","size":"1","name":"David I and David II ","post_title":"David I and David II","slug":"david-i-and-david-ii","old_id":"58104","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34243,"post_title":"Moshe Sokolow","slug":"moshe-sokolow","old_id":"34243","first_name":"Moshe","last_name":"Sokolow","description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University, and teaches a weekly class in parashat hashavu`a at Lincoln Square Synagogue. He is the author of TANAKH: An Owner\u2019s Manual (Jerusalem: Urim\/Ktav, 2015).\r\n\r\n","short_description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34244,"alt":"","title":"sokolow","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","width":302,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow-300x298.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":298,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","medium_large-width":302,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","large-width":302,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","1536x1536-width":302,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","2048x2048-width":302,"2048x2048-height":300,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","post_full_size-width":302,"post_full_size-height":300,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","home_baner-width":302,"home_baner-height":300}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"249","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"We picture him as a small, callow youth, but he was probably a strapping man already","post_main_content_content":" While the one-on-one combat between David and Goliath\u2014featured in this chapter\u2014is known well-nigh universally, some of its lesser known features are well worth a second look.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Let us begin with the inconsistency between David\u2019s introduction to Saul as a musician, reported in the previous chapter (16:18 ff.), and his appearance in this chapter as a prospective champion (31 ff.). After his victory, Saul turned to his Chief of Staff, Abner ben Ner, and asked \u201cWho is this young man\u2019s father?\u201d to which Abner replied: \u201cI honestly don\u2019t know\u201d (55), forcing Saul to ask David directly (58). While it is true that Saul was reported (in chapter 16) to undergo mood swings\u2014and we will see his attitude towards David changing as well\u2014how could he have failed to recognize his favorite lute player?<\/span><\/p>\r\n Even more striking, perhaps, is the common misapprehension regarding David\u2019s age and physical stature at the time of his encounter with Goliath. Rather than a callow youth of relatively diminutive stature, there is textual evidence that he was above average height and in his late twenties. Let us go to the verses:<\/span><\/p>\r\n And Saul clad David with his apparel, put a helmet of brass upon his head, and clad him with a coat of mail. And David girded his sword upon his apparel and tried (<\/span>vayo\u2019el<\/span><\/em>) to go [but could not], for he had not tried it (<\/span>ki lo nissah<\/span><\/em>). And David said to Saul: \u201cI cannot go with these, for I have not tried them.\u201d And David removed them. (38-39)<\/span><\/p>\r\n Simply put, Saul tried to give David the advantage of a suit of armor, but David, who was not an experienced soldier, found that it restricted his movements, so he removed it. But it is not all that simple. Recall that Saul was \u201chead and shoulders above all the people\u201d (9:2), implying that if he thought David could wear his armor then David had to be of a comparable size. Recall, as well, that Saul reigned for only two years (13:1); since David was 30 years old when he ascended the throne (2 Samuel 5:4), he had to have been about 28 or 29 years old when he fought Goliath.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Indeed, Radak rejected the simple reading of the text, \u201cfor I have not tried them,\u201d favoring \u201cfor it would be no miracle\u201d (<\/span>nissah=nes<\/span><\/em>), explaining that if David had fought while dressed and armed as a regular soldier, it would have diminished the miraculous nature of his victory.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Image: Michelangelo, David, c. 1501\u20131504, Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence, Italy \/ wikipedia<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":58134,"alt":"","title":"isam17-David_by_Michelangelo","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam17-David_by_Michelangelo.jpg","width":250,"height":375,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam17-David_by_Michelangelo-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam17-David_by_Michelangelo-200x300.jpg","medium-width":200,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam17-David_by_Michelangelo.jpg","medium_large-width":250,"medium_large-height":375,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam17-David_by_Michelangelo.jpg","large-width":250,"large-height":375,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam17-David_by_Michelangelo.jpg","1536x1536-width":250,"1536x1536-height":375,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam17-David_by_Michelangelo.jpg","2048x2048-width":250,"2048x2048-height":375,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam17-David_by_Michelangelo.jpg","post_full_size-width":250,"post_full_size-height":375,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam17-David_by_Michelangelo.jpg","home_baner-width":250,"home_baner-height":375}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"David I and David II","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"We picture him as a small, callow youth, but he was probably a strapping man 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His teaching and research focus on \u2018all things ancient Israel\u2019 \u2013 primarily language and literature, though also history and archaeology. His secondary interests include post-biblical Judaism, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the medieval Hebrew manuscript tradition. Rendsburg\u2019s most recent book is How the Bible Is Written (Hendrickson, 2019), with particular attention to the use of language to create literature.\r\n\r\n","short_description":"Gary Rendsburg serves as the Blanche and Irving Laurie Professor of Jewish History in the Department of Jewish Studies at Rutgers University.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":56491,"alt":"","title":"Gary_A_Rendsburg","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg.jpg","width":220,"height":314,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg-210x300.jpg","medium-width":210,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg.jpg","medium_large-width":220,"medium_large-height":314,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg.jpg","large-width":220,"large-height":314,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg.jpg","1536x1536-width":220,"1536x1536-height":314,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg.jpg","2048x2048-width":220,"2048x2048-height":314,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg.jpg","post_full_size-width":220,"post_full_size-height":314,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg.jpg","home_baner-width":220,"home_baner-height":314}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"250","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The tales of David are part of Israel\u2019s epic literature, on a par with Homeric epic","post_main_content_content":" I had the great honor and privilege of studying for five years (1975\u20121980) with Cyrus H. Gordon at New York University, under whose tutelage I received my Ph.D.\u00a0 Gordon (1908\u20122001) had the broadest horizons of any scholar of the Bible in the modern era; his expertise spanned all of the ancient Near East (Egypt, Ugarit, Mesopotamia, etc.) as well as the eastern Mediterranean (especially Homer).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n Gordon\u2019s most lasting contribution is the interrelationship between the world of the Bible and the world of Homer. Today\u2019s chapter, 1 Samuel 18, provides a stellar example of such.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Several times in Homer\u2019s epics we read that a princess is to be won not by gifts nor by a great bridal price, but rather by an act of valor which the suitor must perform.\u00a0 Thus, for example, Neleus, king of Pylos, states that he will give his daughter Pero only to the man who would drive the cattle of Iphicles (brother of Heracles) from his realm (Odyssey 11.287-290).<\/span><\/p>\r\n Perhaps better known is the tragic story of Othryoneus, who sought to marry Cassandra, daughter of Priam, king of Troy. Homer writes, \u201cHe brought no gifts of wooing, but promised a mighty deed, that he would drive out the Achaeans from the land of Troy. To him the old man Priam promised that he would give her, and he bowed his head thereto, and Othryoneus fought, trusting in his promise\u201d (Iliad 13.366-370). Alas, noble Othryoneus was killed by Idomeneus, so that he never was able to marry the princess, but the point remains.<\/span><\/p>\r\n The ever wily Odysseus himself plays on this motif.\u00a0 At the home of his friend Eumaios the swineherd, Odysseus, disguised as a commoner, makes up an elaborate story in which he states, \u201cBut I took unto me a wife from a house that had wide possessions, winning her by my valor; for I was no weakling, nor a coward in fight\u201d (Odyssey 14.211-212).<\/span><\/p>\r\n All of this serves as the background to how David married Michal, daughter of Saul.\u00a0 Actually, the story is more complicated, because at first Saul promised his older daughter Merab to David, if he would fight the Philistines, but he then gave Merab to another man (1 Sam 18:17-19). Furthermore, for Saul the entire affair was a ruse, because he hoped that David, who had grown in popularity, would be killed in battle by the Philistines.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n When such did not occur, Saul offered his younger daughter Michal to David, if he would kill one hundred Philistines, the proof of which would be David\u2019s bringing one hundred foreskins to Saul (since the Philistines alone were uncircumcised amongst the peoples of the region).\u00a0 To show his prowess, however, David actually killed two hundred Philistines and brought two hundred foreskins to Saul: imagine the scene!<\/span><\/p>\r\n The main point here is that the tales of David are part of Israel\u2019s epic literature, on par with Homeric epic, but the motif is not known from elsewhere in the ancient Near East.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Image: red-figure vase, Vulci, c. 490-480 BCE, Boston Museum of Fine Arts<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":58267,"alt":"","title":"isam18-homer","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer.jpg","width":500,"height":330,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer-300x198.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":198,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer.jpg","medium_large-width":500,"medium_large-height":330,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer.jpg","large-width":500,"large-height":330,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer.jpg","1536x1536-width":500,"1536x1536-height":330,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer.jpg","2048x2048-width":500,"2048x2048-height":330,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer.jpg","post_full_size-width":500,"post_full_size-height":330,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer.jpg","home_baner-width":500,"home_baner-height":330}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"David, Othryoneus and Odysseus","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"The tales of David are part of Israel\u2019s epic literature, on a par with Homeric epic","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":58267,"alt":"","title":"isam18-homer","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer.jpg","width":500,"height":330,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer-300x198.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":198,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer.jpg","medium_large-width":500,"medium_large-height":330,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer.jpg","large-width":500,"large-height":330,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer.jpg","1536x1536-width":500,"1536x1536-height":330,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer.jpg","2048x2048-width":500,"2048x2048-height":330,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer.jpg","post_full_size-width":500,"post_full_size-height":330,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam18-homer.jpg","home_baner-width":500,"home_baner-height":330}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"18","chapter_main_number":"250","date":"20260813","wall_id":"250"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"522","name":"Marriage","old_id":"922"},{"term_id":"834","name":"David","old_id":"1234"},{"term_id":"876","name":"Greek","old_id":"1276"}]},{"order":13,"id":"58271","color":"#f8ebe3","size":"1","name":"Alone Like Saul ","post_title":"Alone Like Saul","slug":"alone-like-saul","old_id":"58271","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":36149,"post_title":"Shai Secunda","slug":"shai-secunda","old_id":"36149","first_name":"Shai ","last_name":"Secunda","description":"Shai Secunda occupies the Jacob Neusner chair in Judaism at Bard College, where he directs the Interdisciplinary Study of Religions program. He is the author of The Iranian Talmud: Reading the Bavli in Sasanian Iran (Philadelphia, 2014), and The Talmud\u2019s Red Fence: Menstruation and Difference in Babylonian Judaism and its Sasanian Context (Oxford, 2020), and writes regularly for the Jewish Review of Books on Jewish scholarship and culture.","short_description":"Shai Secunda is a professor of Jewish studies at Bard College, and writes regularly for the Jewish Review of Books on Jewish scholarship and culture. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":36150,"alt":"","title":"Shai Secunda","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Shai-Secunda-e1532842797599.jpg","width":1202,"height":1287,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Shai-Secunda-e1532842797599-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Shai-Secunda-e1532842797599-280x300.jpg","medium-width":280,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Shai-Secunda-e1532842797599-768x822.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":822,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Shai-Secunda-e1532842797599-956x1024.jpg","large-width":956,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Shai-Secunda-e1532842797599.jpg","1536x1536-width":1202,"1536x1536-height":1287,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Shai-Secunda-e1532842797599.jpg","2048x2048-width":1202,"2048x2048-height":1287,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Shai-Secunda-e1532842797599-1121x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":1121,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Shai-Secunda-e1532842797599-392x420.jpg","home_baner-width":392,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"250","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"As much as King Saul\u2019s animosity is directed at David, it is really an internal battle, against his own demons","post_main_content_content":" 1 Samuel 18 begins the ten-chapter-long saga of King Saul and his relentless pursuit of David. The account is animated by the strongest of human emotions \u2013 jealousy and deep, deep depression \u2013 and portrays the great clash between David and Saul as one between a future king, with his star on the rise, and a disappointing monarch, whose star is setting.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n The two main characters could not be painted in more different light. Saul hatches a murderous plan to get David killed at the hand of the Philistine enemy, and he later tries to kill him himself, when the king is overcome by an evil spirit. David, on the other hand, is kind and obedient, almost to a fault. He does not bask in the praises he receives from fawning women, nor does he complain when Saul tries to kill him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n Then an evil spirit of the LORD came upon Saul while he was sitting in his house with his spear in his hand, and David was playing [the lyre]. Saul tried to pin David to the wall with the spear, but he eluded Saul, so that he drove the spear into the wall. David fled and got away (19:10-11).<\/span><\/p>\r\n It seems clear that the author of the text wants us to take sides in the conflict, to be sympathetic towards David, and critical of Saul.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n Yet, the late Israeli poet Yehuda Amichai, in his <\/span>\u201cOpen Closed Open\u201d<\/span><\/a>, takes the unusual step of removing David from the picture, and collapsing the different artifacts of violence into a single subject:<\/span><\/p>\r\n Sometimes I am alone like King Saul.<\/span>
\r\n1. Poor past performance<\/strong>: God entrusted Moses to convince the Israelites of God\u2019s support, which backfires in 6:9.
\r\n2. Self-doubt<\/strong>: Rashi defines aral as obstructed or closed up, a speech impediment or Moses\u2019 self-disinclination to taking the lead.
\r\n3. Vague expectations<\/strong>: lead to vague results. Rabbeinu Bahya explains that Moses, unsure of God\u2019s instructions had assumed Aaron would speak.
\r\n4. Upper limiting<\/strong>: Moses believed that he was fundamentally flawed, unable to succeed.
\r\n5. Tough crowd!<\/strong>: With the Israelites\u2019 lack of support, Moses felt that Pharaoh would also be disinclined to listen.<\/p>\r\n
\r\n2. Personalize<\/strong>: Explain how your goal impacts your audience. \u201cPharoah, you\u2019ve been afraid of an uprising, let them leave\u2014you\u2019ll be rid of an unproductive workforce.
\r\n3. Explain\/Entertain<\/strong>: Support your original aim, or put people at ease with a sense of levity. \u201cYou tried to kill them (and let\u2019s face it, me too) and it didn\u2019t go your way.\u201d
\r\n4. Allocate<\/strong> Your Resources<\/strong>: Utilize supporters, speakers, strong precedents. Bring in physical evidence. \u201cHave you met Aaron? He was on your workforce for years. Let him tell you about...\u201d
\r\n5. Know<\/strong> Your<\/strong> Audience<\/strong>: Speak directly to your audience, including their values and pain points. With research, Moses and Aaron\u2019s professional presence might have convinced Pharaoh outright.<\/p>\r\n
\r\n<\/span>2. Who initiates the plague\u2014Moses (e.g. v. 17) or Aaron (e.g. v. 19)?
\r\n3. Is the staff used for striking (e.g. v. 17) or is it merely held, while the outstretched hand initiates the plague (v. 19)?
\r\n<\/span>4. And what is the plague\u2014blood (e.g. v. 19) or stinking fish caused by the bloody Nile (e.g. v. 18)?<\/p>\r\n