{"id":58016,"date":"2018-07-09T17:43:32","date_gmt":"2018-07-09T14:43:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wall\/wall-254\/"},"modified":"2023-01-25T07:16:55","modified_gmt":"2023-01-25T05:16:55","slug":"wall-254","status":"publish","type":"wall","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wall\/wall-254\/","title":{"rendered":"chapter-Prophets-I Samuel-22"},"parent":0,"template":"","acf":{"type":"chapter","wall_id":"254","date":"20260819","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"254","books_group":"Prophets","posts":[{"order":1,"id":"57848","color":"#f8ebe3","size":"1","name":"I Samuel Chapter 22 - Read by Jonathan Roumie ","post_title":"I Samuel Chapter 22 - Read by Jonathan Roumie","slug":"i-samuel-chapter-22-read-by-jonathan-roumie","old_id":"57848","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34686,"post_title":"Soundcloud","slug":"soundcloud","old_id":"34686","first_name":"","last_name":"","description":"","short_description":"","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34656,"alt":"","title":"491","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","width":300,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","large-width":300,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":300,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","post_full_size-width":300,"post_full_size-height":300,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","home_baner-width":300,"home_baner-height":300}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"254","type_929":"4","show_author_image":true,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"JPS Audio Bible","tile_main_caption":"I Samuel 22","tile_main_caption_size":"2","tile_sub_caption":"read by Jonathan Roumie","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/929-bible\/JPS_Audio_Bible_I_Samuel_Chapter_22_read_by_Jonathan_Roumie","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"254","date":"20260819","wall_id":"254"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":2,"id":"112069","color":"#f6edf6","size":"1","name":"Kings And Judges, Similarities And Differences ","post_title":"Kings And Judges, Similarities And Differences","slug":"kings-and-judges-similarities-and-differences","old_id":"112069","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":78133,"post_title":"Josh Blechner","slug":"josh-blechner","old_id":"78133","first_name":"Josh ","last_name":"Blechner ","description":"Josh first finished the Tanach during Yeshiva in Mevaseret Zion. 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","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":78134,"alt":"","title":"josh blechner","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","width":276,"height":351,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-236x300.jpg","medium-width":236,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","medium_large-width":276,"medium_large-height":351,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","large-width":276,"large-height":351,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","1536x1536-width":276,"1536x1536-height":351,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","2048x2048-width":276,"2048x2048-height":351,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","post_full_size-width":276,"post_full_size-height":351,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","home_baner-width":276,"home_baner-height":351}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"254","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Saul\u2019s man echoes Abimelech, but David does the opposite\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

Chapter 22 is a difficult read. David has to jump from location to location to save himself and his family. He only finds refuge in foreign lands; the Israelites want nothing to do with him. Meanwhile, Doeg informs on Ahimelech, and Saul brings the high priest and his family to answer for their actions. Unsatisfied with Ahimelech\u2019s protestations of innocence, Saul instructs his soldiers to massacre the priests. When they balk, Doeg himself takes on the task and not only kills 85 priests, but he also massacres the entire city of Nob.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This chapter brings back bad memories of the age of judges when the nation turned on itself and innocent people were killed. Once again, the text makes a few references to the book of Judges. This time, the most overt one is to the story of Abimelech. Abimelech was the bastard son of Gideon. He had seventy brothers, whom he considered his rivals.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

When he went to his father\u2019s house in Ophrah and killed his brothers, the sons of Jerubbaal, seventy men on one stone. Only Jotham, the youngest son of Jerubbaal, survived, because he went into hiding (Judges 9:5).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Doeg massacres the entire family of Ahimelech, except that \u201cone son of Ahimelech son of Ahitub escaped\u2014his name was Abiathar\u2014and he fled to David\" (verse 20).\u00a0 Doeg also massacres the entire city of Nob, just like Abimelech massacres the entire city of Shechem. Ahimelech is considered the first of the bad judges. He comes right after Gideon, who was offered the crown but declined.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Through the massacre of Nob, Saul has also turned from a good king to an evil one. Like the line of Judges until Abimelech, Saul may not have been perfect, but he never crossed the line to evil. With his actions in this chapter, much like Abimelech, Saul turns away from righteousness and threatens to sink the entire nation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

But there is another connection. In Judges 9:4, Abimelech gathers together a crew of \u201csome worthless and reckless fellows.\u201d At the beginning of chapter 22, David attracts a similar group of misfits and people down on their luck. Why would the text also connect David to the story of Abimelech? Saul is connected for the reasons above. David\u2019s connection is not about the similarities, but rather, about what he does differently. At the end of the chapter, when Abiathar runs to David, David takes full responsibility. \u201cDavid said to Abiathar\u2026 I am to blame for all the deaths in your father\u2019s house\u201d (verse 22).\u00a0 Abimelech may have signaled the turning point in the era of Judges from good to evil, but David will not let that happen in this new era of kings. Faced with the tragedy of the chapter, David takes full responsibility. The text connects him to Abimelech to show how different he is.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

image:\u00a0\"Doeg kills Ahimelech and his family\", by\u00a0Maerten de Vos\u00a0(1591) \/ wikimedia<\/p>\r\n

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Mixed-media work by Michal Nachmany, courtesy of the artist<\/p>\r\n

Michal dedicates her work in memory to her father Shamai Zweigreich z\u201dl \u00a0and her grandfather \u00a0Yisrael Zweigreich z\u201dl, who loved studying Bible and Talmud.<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":58657,"alt":"","title":"i sam 22","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22.jpg","width":845,"height":1024,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22-248x300.jpg","medium-width":248,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22-768x931.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":931,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22-845x1024.jpg","large-width":845,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22.jpg","1536x1536-width":845,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22.jpg","2048x2048-width":845,"2048x2048-height":1024,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22.jpg","post_full_size-width":845,"post_full_size-height":1024,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22-347x420.jpg","home_baner-width":347,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"I Sam 22:23","tile_main_caption":"Stay with me; do not be afraid","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"For whoever seeks your life must seek my life also: it will be my care to guard you","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":58657,"alt":"","title":"i sam 22","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22.jpg","width":845,"height":1024,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22-248x300.jpg","medium-width":248,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22-768x931.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":931,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22-845x1024.jpg","large-width":845,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22.jpg","1536x1536-width":845,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22.jpg","2048x2048-width":845,"2048x2048-height":1024,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22.jpg","post_full_size-width":845,"post_full_size-height":1024,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/i-sam-22-347x420.jpg","home_baner-width":347,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"254","date":"20260819","wall_id":"254"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"369","name":"Visual Arts","old_id":"769"}]},{"order":4,"id":"58678","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"\u00a0Standing Up Bravely For Their Convictions ","post_title":"\u00a0Standing Up Bravely For Their Convictions","slug":"standing-up-bravely-for-their-convictions","old_id":"58678","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":56118,"post_title":"Tzvi Sinensky","slug":"tzvi-sinensky","old_id":"56118","first_name":"Tzvi ","last_name":"Sinensky ","description":"Rabbi Tzvi Sinensky is the Director of Interdisciplinary Learning and Educational Outreach at the Rae Kushner Yeshiva High School in Livingston, NJ. 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","short_description":"Rabbi Tzvi Sinensky is the Director of Interdisciplinary Learning and Educational Outreach at the Rae Kushner Yeshiva High School in Livingston, NJ.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":56119,"alt":"","title":"tzvi_sinensky","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/tzvi_sinensky.jpg","width":240,"height":280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/tzvi_sinensky-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/tzvi_sinensky.jpg","medium-width":240,"medium-height":280,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/tzvi_sinensky.jpg","medium_large-width":240,"medium_large-height":280,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/tzvi_sinensky.jpg","large-width":240,"large-height":280,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/tzvi_sinensky.jpg","1536x1536-width":240,"1536x1536-height":280,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/tzvi_sinensky.jpg","2048x2048-width":240,"2048x2048-height":280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/tzvi_sinensky.jpg","post_full_size-width":240,"post_full_size-height":280,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/tzvi_sinensky.jpg","home_baner-width":240,"home_baner-height":280}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"254","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Saul\u2019s soldiers refuse to kill the residents of priestly city of Nob. What would you have done?","post_main_content_content":"

The phrase civil disobedience is widely associated with larger-than-life historical personalities, from Henry David\u2019s Thoreau\u2019s eponymous 1848 essay, to Mahatma Gandhi\u2019s protests on behalf of Indian independence, to Martin Luther King, Jr.\u2019s work on behalf of civil rights.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Yet thousands of years prior to these and countless other examples, our chapter features perhaps the earliest recorded instance of conscientious objection in the West. Contrary to the king\u2019s orders, Saul\u2019s soldiers refuse to kill the residents of priestly city of Nob, whose only crime was to feed David and his band of men. They insist: \u201cThe king\u2019s servants would not raise a hand to strike down the priests of the Lord\u201d (v. 17). Only Doeg, the king\u2019s faithful servant, faithfully follows the king\u2019s decree: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

And Doeg the Edomite went and struck down the priests himself; that day, he killed eighty-five men who wore the linen ephod. He put Nob, the town of the priests, to the sword: men and women, children and infants, oxen, asses, and sheep\u2014[all] to the sword (v. 18-19).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Given that the second half of I Samuel repeatedly underscores Saul\u2019s shortcomings, the clear implication of the text is that the priests were not deserving of death, and that the soldiers were right to disobey orders. In the words of the classical commentator Rashi, citing the rabbis in the Midrash, \u201c<\/span>One may think that [the command to follow a king\u2019s orders] means even to commit a sin; scripture therefore states \u2018Only,\u2019 [to exclude this case].\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Of course, no two cases of civil disobedience are alike; many present a complex moral calculus, and allow no easy answers. Yet, at least in this early example, the prophetic position is clear: knowing that they might be killed for disobeying the king\u2019s orders, the men were right to nonetheless disobey Saul\u2019s orders. The book of Samuel, then, posits a legitimate, if limited, model for civil disobedience thousands of years before Thoreau published his classic essay.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The biblical text echoes throughout the ages and demands that we ask ourselves: Imagine that we were soldiers in Saul\u2019s army. Would we have stood up bravely for our convictions? What would we have done?<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":58679,"alt":"","title":"isam22-Thoreau-Disobey","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-Thoreau-Disobey.jpg","width":313,"height":432,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-Thoreau-Disobey-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-Thoreau-Disobey-217x300.jpg","medium-width":217,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-Thoreau-Disobey.jpg","medium_large-width":313,"medium_large-height":432,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-Thoreau-Disobey.jpg","large-width":313,"large-height":432,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-Thoreau-Disobey.jpg","1536x1536-width":313,"1536x1536-height":432,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-Thoreau-Disobey.jpg","2048x2048-width":313,"2048x2048-height":432,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-Thoreau-Disobey.jpg","post_full_size-width":313,"post_full_size-height":432,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-Thoreau-Disobey-304x420.jpg","home_baner-width":304,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Standing Up Bravely For Their Convictions","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Saul\u2019s soldiers refuse to kill the residents of priestly city of Nob. 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Blumenthal and filmed by Ardon Bar-Hama)","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Dt-GhWYMaRQ","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"254","date":"20260819","wall_id":"254"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"369","name":"Visual Arts","old_id":"769"}]},{"order":6,"id":"58669","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Creating A Safe Haven ","post_title":"Creating A Safe Haven","slug":"creating-a-safe-haven","old_id":"58669","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":37333,"post_title":"Esther Jilovsky","slug":"esther-jilovsky","old_id":"37333","first_name":"Esther ","last_name":"Jilovsky","description":"Dr Esther Jilovsky is a rabbinical student at Hebrew Union College in Los Angeles. A native of Melbourne, Australia, she comes to the rabbinate with a PhD from the University of London in 2011. 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It\u2019s a sunny day. The sun shines brightly, and the sky beams a glorious blue. Children play on the crisp green grass, their giggles softly echoing across the park. People bask in the new summer sun, their bodies drinking in the sun\u2019s soft warmth. By the pond, its water a murky olive green, a few turtles lie on the rocks. They also bask in the sun\u2019s warmth, their dark green shells relaxed and their limbs splayed, or they swim gently, their small heads popping above the water. They are safe and at peace.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Until\u2026 a dog pads towards the pond. Or an excited child gets too close. Or the sun disappears behind a cloud. Then in the blink of an eye, the turtles are gone. Into their shells, into the pond. Retreating, hiding, looking for protection.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Ten Commandments appear twice in the Torah. In Exodus, God commands the people of Israel to remember Shabbat (Exodus 20:8). In Deuteronomy, God asks the people of Israel to keep Shabbat (Deuteronomy 5:12). These two concepts \u2013 remembering and keeping \u2013 entwine in our observance of Shabbat: from the two candles we light each Friday night, to the words of Lecha Dodi as we welcome Shabbat into our midst. The relationship between the Eternal and the people of Israel is one of mutual protection: the Eternal protects and keeps the people, and the people keep and protect the Eternal\u2019s laws.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

David, the shepherd boy who slayed a giant, is one who seeks to protect and keep the people of Israel. After the entire family of the priest Achimelech is killed, his one surviving son Abiathar flees to David. David comforts him, saying: \u201cStay with me and do not fear, for the man who seeks my life must seek your life also; you are safe with me\u201d (I Samuel 22:23). The Hebrew verb root <\/span>shin mem resh<\/span><\/em> recurs in all these examples. It means keep as in observe, but it also means keep as in protect.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Unlike turtles, we do not have a hard shell to retreat into when we are scared. Our need for protection and safety is perhaps less easily solved. Yet, on the other hand, we have the opportunity to create protection and security for ourselves and for others. 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In making Ahimelech complicit in his escape, David put his life at risk, and this maneuver, while arguably saving David\u2019s life, proved scandalously fatal for the priest...Doeg, a member of Saul\u2019s court who happened at the time to be in the temple, had witnessed the entire affair firsthand. Doeg\u2019s testimony to Saul of what occurred at the sanctuary will lead directly to the massacre of the priests of Nob.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

When Abiathar, the only survivor of that massacre, informed David of the grim fate of the priests at Nob, David admitted that he had been fully aware of the presence of Doeg at the sanctuary and of exactly what it would entail: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

And David said to Abiathar, \u2018I knew on that day that Doeg the Edomite was there, that he would surely tell Saul. I am the one who caused the loss of all the lives of your father\u2019s house. Stay so you are under my guard' (22:22-23). <\/span><\/p>\r\n

David could have excused his manipulation of Ahimelech by presuming that Doeg would keep quiet, or that in the event that he didn\u2019t maintain his silence, Ahimelech would survive by telling Saul that he had been deceived by David. But David already \u201cknew on that day\u201d that neither excuse would hold. With his life and therefore his divinely promised accession to the throne at stake, David naturally refused to tell Ahimelech the truth and give him the option to judge for himself if he wished to assume such risk. Here we return to the Book of Samuel\u2019s systematically ambiguous perspective on politics as a sphere of action driven by necessity but suffused with haunting compromises. David made Ahimelech a disposable instrument of his survival at a morally unconscionable and politically typical human cost.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Summoning the courage to confront a giant in single combat may be easier than overcoming an innate sense of entitlement or belief in one\u2019s providential mission, however steep the cost to others. In narrating the incident at the temple of Nob, our author established the fact that David, an exemplary seeker of political power, felt no scruples about sending his fellow Israelites to their unjust deaths, although he retrospectively acknowledged their descendants\u2019 right to some form of compensation. The way David\u2019s motivations and character are shaped by his competitive struggle for sovereign authority is revealed in the early stages of his flight from Saul\u2019s court. David\u2019s squeamish act of throwing Ahimelech and the priests of Nob to the wolves will cast a shadow of doubt over other more ambiguous moments in the narrative to come, enabling our author to develop a deeper phenomenology of political motivation, agency, and self-presentation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Excerpts from The Beginning of Politics: Power in the Biblical Book of Samuel<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 Moshe Halbertal and Stephen Holmes, Princeton University Press, 2017, pp.41-3. 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In 2006, Bregman was appointed the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro, where he also headed the program in Jewish Studies, until 2013. Bregman retired from UNCG as of July 31, 2017. He has now returned to Jerusalem where he is continuing his research and teaching activities.","credit":"","image_url":"","short_description":"Marc Bregman is the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies emeritus, at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro.","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":33878,"alt":"Marc Bregman","title":"Marc Bregman","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","width":361,"height":488,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-222x300.jpg","medium-width":222,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","medium_large-width":361,"medium_large-height":488,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","large-width":361,"large-height":488,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","1536x1536-width":361,"1536x1536-height":488,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","2048x2048-width":361,"2048x2048-height":488,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","post_full_size-width":361,"post_full_size-height":488,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-311x420.jpg","home_baner-width":311,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"254","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Archetypal murderous informer with a razor sharp tongue","post_main_content_content":"

In our chapter, Doeg, King Saul\u2019s \u201cchief herdsman\u201d and counselor, informs on the High Priest Ahimelech: \u201cDoeg the Edomite, who was standing among the courtiers of Saul, spoke up: \u2018I saw [David] the son of Jesse come to Ahimelech son of Ahitub at Nob. He inquired of the Lord on his behalf and gave him provisions; he also gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine\u201d (22:9-10, see 21:8). This results in Doeg\u2019s execution of Ahimelech, and the murder of another 85 priests. \u201cAnd he put Nob, the town of the priests, to the sword: men and women, children and infants, oxen, asses, and sheep\u2014[all] to the sword\u201d (22:11-22).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Doeg seems to have become the archetypal murderous informer as reflected in Psalms 52:1-3:<\/span><\/p>\r\n

For the leader. A maskil of David, when Doeg the Edomite came and informed Saul, telling him, \u2018David came to Ahimelech\u2019s house\u2019\u2026Your tongue devises mischief, like a sharpened razor that works treacherously\u2026.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In Rabbinic tradition, Doeg is included among those who have \u201cno share in the world to come\u201d (Mishnah Sanhedrin 10:2).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In Midrash Tehillim (on Psalm 52:1), Doeg\u2019s identification as an Edomite (\u2018Adomi<\/em> \u2013 understood here as related to \u2019adom<\/em>, i.e red) is the basis for understanding him to have been a renowned Torah scholar. Doeg is said to \u201chave made others blush\u201d (hayah ma\u2019adim<\/em>) in matters of Halakhah. The Talmud (Sanhedrin 106b) depicts God as having reproached Doeg for behaving in a sinful manner despite his scholarly acumen. God demands of Doeg: How can you teach the laws of murder and \u201cevil use of language\u201d (leshon ha-ra'<\/em>) when you yourself are guilty of both?!\u00a0 The answer given to this rhetorical question is that Doeg\u2019s Torah learning was \u201cfrom his lip and outwards\u201d (mi-safah ve-la-hutz<\/em> \u2013 i.e. only for instructing others, but not internalized to affect his own behavior).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Such a \u201csinful scholar\u201d deserved a fitting death. According to \u201cYelammedenu\u201d (cited in Yalkut Shimoni, Shmuel 131), when Doeg\u2019s disciples realized he was not teaching according to the accepted Halakah, they tied ropes to his legs and dragged him to his well-deserved death. But according to Rabbi Yohanan three angels of destruction appeared before Doeg. One caused him to forget his Torah learning, one burnt his soul, and one scattered his ashes in the synagogues and study-houses (Sanhedrin 106b).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Rabbinic discussion of Doeg illustrates how our ancient Sages addressed the on-going problem of learned and respected teachers who --in some cases -- \u201cdo not practice what they preach.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Image: Doeg Kills Ahimelech At The Behest Of Saul; Abiathar Brings The Tidings To David - Masters of Otto van Moerdrecht, c. 1430 \/ CC<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":58676,"alt":"","title":"Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2.jpg","width":750,"height":494,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2-300x198.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":198,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2.jpg","medium_large-width":750,"medium_large-height":494,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2.jpg","large-width":750,"large-height":494,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2.jpg","1536x1536-width":750,"1536x1536-height":494,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2.jpg","2048x2048-width":750,"2048x2048-height":494,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2.jpg","post_full_size-width":750,"post_full_size-height":494,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2-638x420.jpg","home_baner-width":638,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Doeg \u2013 Shepherd, Scholar and Sinner","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Archetypal murderous informer with a razor sharp tongue","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":58676,"alt":"","title":"Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2.jpg","width":750,"height":494,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2-300x198.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":198,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2.jpg","medium_large-width":750,"medium_large-height":494,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2.jpg","large-width":750,"large-height":494,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2.jpg","1536x1536-width":750,"1536x1536-height":494,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2.jpg","2048x2048-width":750,"2048x2048-height":494,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2.jpg","post_full_size-width":750,"post_full_size-height":494,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Isam22-doeg-the-edomite2-638x420.jpg","home_baner-width":638,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"254","date":"20260819","wall_id":"254"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"363","name":"Midrash","old_id":"763"},{"term_id":"730","name":"Learning","old_id":"1130"},{"term_id":"739","name":"Hypocrisy","old_id":"1139"},{"term_id":"762","name":"Murder","old_id":"1162"}]},{"order":10,"id":"58651","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Saul\u2019s Spear ","post_title":"Saul\u2019s Spear","slug":"sauls-spear","old_id":"58651","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":54356,"post_title":"Robert Alter","slug":"robert-alter","old_id":"54356","first_name":"Robert ","last_name":"Alter","description":"Robert Alter is the Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, where he has taught since 1967. He has written over twenty books, focusing on such topics as the European novel from the 18th century to the present, contemporary American fiction, and modern Hebrew literature. He has also written extensively on the literary aspects of the Bible. His most recent work is his monumental three volume translation of the entire Hebrew Bible - The Hebrew Bible, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019 - from which the selections in 929 are taken. ","short_description":"Robert Alter is the Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, and author of the three-volume translation of the entire Hebrew Bible - The Hebrew Bible, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":54357,"alt":"","title":"robert alter","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","width":184,"height":275,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","medium-width":184,"medium-height":275,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","medium_large-width":184,"medium_large-height":275,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","large-width":184,"large-height":275,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","1536x1536-width":184,"1536x1536-height":275,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","2048x2048-width":184,"2048x2048-height":275,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","post_full_size-width":184,"post_full_size-height":275,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","home_baner-width":184,"home_baner-height":275}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"254","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The foreshadowing of a massacre","post_main_content_content":"

And Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men who were with him, and Saul was sitting in Gibeah under the tamarisk on the height, his spear in his hand and all his servants poised in attendance upon him (22:6).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Commentary: <\/span>his spear in his hand\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\r\n

The same spear in hand with which he sought to kill David, and then Jonathan. This small detail thus foreshadows the massacre of an entire town that Saul will order.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

From: Robert Alter, <\/span>The Hebrew Bible, <\/span><\/i>vol. 2: Prophets, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019, ad loc. By permission of the author\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":54890,"alt":"","title":"Alter-Cover","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","width":1200,"height":693,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-300x173.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":173,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-768x444.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":444,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1024x591.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":591,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":693,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":693,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1200x693.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":693,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-727x420.jpg","home_baner-width":727,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"From Robert Alter's Bible Translation and Commentary","tile_main_caption":"Saul\u2019s Spear","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"The foreshadowing of a massacre","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":54890,"alt":"","title":"Alter-Cover","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","width":1200,"height":693,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-300x173.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":173,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-768x444.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":444,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1024x591.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":591,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":693,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":693,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1200x693.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":693,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-727x420.jpg","home_baner-width":727,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"254","date":"20260819","wall_id":"254"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":11,"id":"58672","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Murder at Nob ","post_title":"Murder At Nob","slug":"murder-at-nob","old_id":"58672","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34243,"post_title":"Moshe Sokolow","slug":"moshe-sokolow","old_id":"34243","first_name":"Moshe","last_name":"Sokolow","description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University, and teaches a weekly class in parashat hashavu`a at Lincoln Square Synagogue. 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In our comments on the previous chapter, we noted that the fleeting reference to the unnoticed presence of Doeg the Edomite, Saul\u2019s head herdsman, when Ahimelech assisted David in his flight from Saul, foreshadows the events portrayed in this chapter. It was Doeg who \u201cblew the whistle\u201d on the priests of Nob, stirring Saul to call for their deaths. Two unanticipated, perhaps even counterintuitive, details stand out.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

First is that Saul\u2019s officers refused to participate in wiping out the city of priests. \u201cBut the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall upon the priests of the Lord\u201d (17).\u00a0 Indeed, the Talmud identifies these officers as Abner ben Ner, the chief of staff, and Amasa ben Yeter, another ranking officer, and states that their refusal stemmed from a legal deliberation that led them to conclude that the order was illegal and had to be defied* (See Rashi ad loc.).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Abner, who remained loyal to Saul, would eventually kill Amasa, whose loyalty shifted to David (see 2 Samuel 2:19 ff.).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Second is the description of the manner in which Doeg implemented Saul\u2019s order: \u201cBoth men and women, children and nursing infants, oxen and donkeys and sheep [were put to death] with the edge of the sword\u201d (19). This is surprising, even frightening, in its tone and detail, the more so when compared with the instructions Samuel issued to Saul to annihilate Amalek: \u201cBut slay both men and women, children and nursing infants, oxen and sheep, camels and donkeys\u201d (15:3).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The irony that Saul had failed to implement those earlier instructions (see chapter 15) was not lost on the Sages, who declared that \u201cNob did not deserve to be treated like Amalek\u201d (Qohelet Rabba 7:16).**<\/span><\/p>\r\n

*See Moshe Sokolow: \u201cDisobedience to Military Orders,\u201d <\/span>Conversations<\/span> 15 (2013), 144-153.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

**Moshe Sokolow: \u201cAutonomy vs. Heteronomy in Moral Reasoning,\u201d <\/span>Hazon Nahum<\/span> (1997), 659-668.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":58673,"alt":"","title":"isam22-broken rifle","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle.png","width":1920,"height":1132,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle-300x177.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":177,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle-768x453.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":453,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle-1024x604.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":604,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle.png","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":906,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle.png","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1132,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle-1200x708.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":708,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle-712x420.png","home_baner-width":712,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Murder At Nob","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"And the first conscientious objection \u00a0","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":58673,"alt":"","title":"isam22-broken rifle","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle.png","width":1920,"height":1132,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle-300x177.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":177,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle-768x453.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":453,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle-1024x604.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":604,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle.png","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":906,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle.png","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1132,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle-1200x708.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":708,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/isam22-broken-rifle-712x420.png","home_baner-width":712,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"254","date":"20260819","wall_id":"254"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"641","name":"Amalek","old_id":"1041"},{"term_id":"762","name":"Murder","old_id":"1162"}]},{"order":12,"id":"57803","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"A Lesson on the Daily Chapter- I Samuel 22 ","post_title":"A Lesson on the Daily Chapter- I Samuel 22","slug":"a-lesson-on-the-daily-chapter-i-samuel-22","old_id":"57803","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":40936,"post_title":"David Silber","slug":"david-silber-2","old_id":"40936","first_name":"David ","last_name":"Silber ","description":"Rabbi David Silber is the Founder and Dean of Drisha Institute for Jewish Education. 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\u201cPower of Speech\u201d<\/span><\/a> by Annie Waintraub: Explore the importance of the spoken word in Jewish sources. <\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Go deeper into the chapter....","tile_main_caption":"Sefaria Source Sheets - I Samuel 22","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Click to get links to learning resources","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":42232,"alt":"","title":"sefaria-words-sunburst","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","width":608,"height":395,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-300x195.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":195,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","medium_large-width":608,"medium_large-height":395,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","large-width":608,"large-height":395,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","1536x1536-width":608,"1536x1536-height":395,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","2048x2048-width":608,"2048x2048-height":395,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","post_full_size-width":608,"post_full_size-height":395,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","home_baner-width":608,"home_baner-height":395}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"Sefaria word sunburst visualization","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"254","date":"20260819","wall_id":"254"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":14,"id":"58654","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Points to Ponder - I Samuel 22 ","post_title":"Points to Ponder - I Samuel 22","slug":"points-to-ponder-i-samuel-22","old_id":"58654","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":38102,"post_title":"929-English","slug":"929-english","old_id":"38102","first_name":"","last_name":"929-English","description":"","short_description":"","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":38333,"alt":"","title":"\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","width":1513,"height":860,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-300x171.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":171,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-768x437.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":437,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-1024x582.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":582,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","1536x1536-width":1513,"1536x1536-height":860,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","2048x2048-width":1513,"2048x2048-height":860,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-1200x682.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":682,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-739x420.png","home_baner-width":739,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"254","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"

    \r\n\t
  1. A chaperone prophet<\/span><\/i>. David has a prophetic chaperone: Gad. By the end of the chapter, he\u2019s got a priest too. God is with him, in spirit and in his staff.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  2. Tribal warfare<\/span><\/i>. Or at least tensions. Saul is playing the tribe card when he says to his courtiers: \u201c\u2018Listen, men of Benjamin! Will the son of Jesse give fields and vineyards to every one of you? And will he make all of you captains of thousands or captains of hundreds?\u2019\u201d (v. 7). The implication being that no, David will not start handing out perqs to members of other tribes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  3. Sick over him?<\/span><\/i> Saul says \u201cno one is concerned for me,\u201d in Hebrew: <\/span>ein choleh mikem<\/span><\/i> alai<\/span><\/i>, (lit. \u201csick for me\u201d) - no one worries themselves over him...<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  4. Ummm, wrong genocidal victims.<\/span><\/i> In verse 19, Saul does to Nob, the city of priests, exactly what he was meant to do to Amalek (but didn\u2019t): \u201cNow go, attack Amalek, and proscribe all that belongs to him. Spare no one, but kill alike men and women, infants and sucklings, oxen and sheep, camels and asses!\u201d (15:3).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  5. Conscientious objection<\/i>. In verse 17 Sauls courtiers and servants refuse the direct order of the king, which is clearly immoral in their eyes: \u201cBut the king\u2019s servants would not raise a hand to strike down the priests of the LORD.\u201d Just one, Doeg the Edomite, is willing to impose the death sentence with his own hands: \u201cAnd Doeg the Edomite went and struck down the priests himself; that day, he killed eighty-five men who wore the linen ephod\u201d (verse 18).<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>","post_main_content_image":{"id":86314,"alt":"","title":"Points to 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