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Chapter 3 is Samuel\u2019s first calling to God. There is a bit of humor thrown in here as well. Teenage Samuel runs back and forth to Eli to say \u201chere I am! You rang?\u201d only for Eli to say it was not me! It takes three times for Eli to realize what is happening. The set-up of God calling with a response of \u201chere I am\u201d evokes previous callings, all the way back to Abraham: \"Some time afterward, God put Abraham to the test, saying to him, 'Abraham.' He answered, 'Here I am.\u201d\"(Genesis 22:2).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Samuel is being set up as one of the great prophets, and he is also being tested, just like Abraham. Samuel\u2019s first vision is very dark: grave punishment for Eli, the priest and his patron, and Eli\u2019s sons. Why does God choose such a dark vision? God does not want Samuel to be simply a prophet. Samuel is also supposed to be a leader of the nation. He is going to appoint the first kings of Israel. Samuel has been under the tutelage of Eli almost his whole life. Eli is like a father to him. Not only does Samuel tell Eli the vision of his demise, but \u201cSamuel then told him everything, withholding nothing from him.\u201d (verse 18).\u00a0 Samuel passes his first test. Tasked with telling his teacher Eli that he is done for, Samuel does not hold back.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Mixed-media work by Michal Nachmany, courtesy of the artist<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":56644,"alt":"","title":"i sam 3","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3.jpg","width":928,"height":929,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3-768x769.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":769,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3.jpg","large-width":928,"large-height":929,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3.jpg","1536x1536-width":928,"1536x1536-height":929,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3.jpg","2048x2048-width":928,"2048x2048-height":929,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3.jpg","post_full_size-width":928,"post_full_size-height":929,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"I Sam 3:7","tile_main_caption":"Samuel Did Not Yet Know The Lord","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Samuel did not know prophecy, its sounds and the visions","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":56644,"alt":"","title":"i sam 3","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3.jpg","width":928,"height":929,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3-768x769.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":769,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3.jpg","large-width":928,"large-height":929,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3.jpg","1536x1536-width":928,"1536x1536-height":929,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3.jpg","2048x2048-width":928,"2048x2048-height":929,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3.jpg","post_full_size-width":928,"post_full_size-height":929,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/i-sam-3-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"3","chapter_main_number":"235","date":"20260723","wall_id":"235"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"369","name":"Visual Arts","old_id":"769"}]},{"order":5,"id":"56945","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Personal Love And Loyalties Versus A Higher Calling ","post_title":"Personal Love And Loyalties Versus A Higher Calling","slug":"personal-love-and-loyalties-versus-a-higher-calling","old_id":"56945","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34245,"post_title":"Rachel Sharansky Danziger","slug":"rachel-sharansky-danziger","old_id":"34245","first_name":"Rachel Sharansky","last_name":"Danziger","description":"Rachel Sharansky Danziger is a Jerusalem-born writer and speaker who blogs about Judaism, parenting, and life in Israel. 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","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34246,"alt":"","title":"RSDanziger","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger.jpg","width":1171,"height":1769,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger-199x300.jpg","medium-width":199,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger-678x1024.jpg","medium_large-width":678,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger-678x1024.jpg","large-width":678,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger.jpg","1536x1536-width":1017,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger.jpg","2048x2048-width":1171,"2048x2048-height":1769,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger-794x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":794,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/RSDanziger-278x420.jpg","home_baner-width":278,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"235","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"A foreshadowing of a great tragedy","post_main_content_content":"

From its first appearance on human lips in the Hebrew Bible, the word \u201chineni\u201d meant something more than \u201chere I am\u201d. Abraham said it three times when God ordered him to sacrifice his son \u2013 to God, to Isaac himself, and to the angel. Both Jacob and Esau said it to their father when he prepared to pass on Abraham\u2019s blessing. Jacob said it later to God in a moment of revelation, and Joseph said it to Jacob himself when the latter sent him to look for his brothers.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In all these cases, the word expressed the speaker\u2019s complete presence in a moment of great importance, and this weight of dedication and solemnity carries through into Samuel\u2019s first conversation with God. Samuel, however, doesn\u2019t offer his \u201chineni\u201d to God. Mistaking God\u2019s call for summons from the man who raised him, Samuel offers his \u201chineni\u201d not once, but three times, to Eli instead.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Samuel\u2019s \u201chineni\u201d foreshadows the great tragedy of his life, and the personal cost he will have to pay for his calling. For the man to whom Samuel says \u201chineni\u201d is the very man whose horrible fate God is about to reveal. It is to this man, who raised Samuel and who guides him through this first prophetic experience, that Samuel will have to bring such dreadful news.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Samuel, it should be noted, does not offer God his \u201dhineni\u201d. He submits to Him instead with the respectful, yet somehow less potent, \u201cSpeak, for Your servant is listening.\u201d These words are apt: Samuel will indeed go on serving God all his life. But his calling does not diminish his care for Eli. He lies awake all night, afraid of sharing the vision with the man who called him \u201cson\u201d. And come morning, when Eli summons him, Samuel offers him, once again, his unconditional \u201chineni\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Samuel\u2019s calling will clash with his personal loyalties again years later, when God will instruct him to bring about king Saul\u2019s fall. Once again, Samuel will serve God despite his personal feelings, and carry out God\u2019s mission after yet another sleepless night. He will mourn Saul\u2019s fate until his own dying day, but even death won\u2019t release him from the pain of dual loyalties; when Saul will ask the witch of Endor to summon Samuel\u2019s spirit, Samuel will be forced to speak God\u2019s hurtful truths again. He will thus end his prophetic career as he had started it: telling a man he deeply cared for that his life is forfeit, and his house is doomed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Image: symbol of the Hineni youth movement (Australia)<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":56946,"alt":"","title":"isam3-hineni","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","width":200,"height":201,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","medium-width":200,"medium-height":201,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","medium_large-width":200,"medium_large-height":201,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","large-width":200,"large-height":201,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","1536x1536-width":200,"1536x1536-height":201,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","2048x2048-width":200,"2048x2048-height":201,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","post_full_size-width":200,"post_full_size-height":201,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","home_baner-width":200,"home_baner-height":201}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Personal Love And Loyalties Versus A Higher Calling","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"A foreshadowing of a great tragedy","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":56946,"alt":"","title":"isam3-hineni","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","width":200,"height":201,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","medium-width":200,"medium-height":201,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","medium_large-width":200,"medium_large-height":201,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","large-width":200,"large-height":201,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","1536x1536-width":200,"1536x1536-height":201,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","2048x2048-width":200,"2048x2048-height":201,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","post_full_size-width":200,"post_full_size-height":201,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-hineni.jpg","home_baner-width":200,"home_baner-height":201}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"3","chapter_main_number":"235","date":"20260723","wall_id":"235"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"463","name":"Truth","old_id":"863"},{"term_id":"707","name":"Service","old_id":"1107"},{"term_id":"839","name":"Samuel","old_id":"1239"}]},{"order":6,"id":"56939","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Samuel Receives The Call ","post_title":"Samuel Receives The Call","slug":"samuel-receives-the-call","old_id":"56939","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":56490,"post_title":"Gary Rendsburg","slug":"gary-rendsburg","old_id":"56490","first_name":"Gary ","last_name":"Rendsburg ","description":"Gary Rendsburg serves as the Blanche and Irving Laurie Professor of Jewish History in the Department of Jewish Studies at Rutgers University. His teaching and research focus on \u2018all things ancient Israel\u2019 \u2013 primarily language and literature, though also history and archaeology. His secondary interests include post-biblical Judaism, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the medieval Hebrew manuscript tradition. Rendsburg\u2019s most recent book is How the Bible Is Written (Hendrickson, 2019), with particular attention to the use of language to create literature.\r\n\r\n","short_description":"Gary Rendsburg serves as the Blanche and Irving Laurie Professor of Jewish History in the Department of Jewish Studies at Rutgers University.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":56491,"alt":"","title":"Gary_A_Rendsburg","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg.jpg","width":220,"height":314,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg-210x300.jpg","medium-width":210,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg.jpg","medium_large-width":220,"medium_large-height":314,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg.jpg","large-width":220,"large-height":314,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg.jpg","1536x1536-width":220,"1536x1536-height":314,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg.jpg","2048x2048-width":220,"2048x2048-height":314,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg.jpg","post_full_size-width":220,"post_full_size-height":314,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Gary_A_Rendsburg.jpg","home_baner-width":220,"home_baner-height":314}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"235","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"

This chapter belongs to the genre known as the \u201cCall Narrative,\u201d which appears elsewhere in the Bible (in whole or in part) with Moses, Gideon, Saul, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Second Isaiah. \u00a0Most of these individuals, as one can see from this list, including Samuel, are called to prophecy \u2013 though in the cases of Gideon and Saul the call is to leadership.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In all instances of the Call Narrative, either the individual does not understand that he is receiving the divine word and\/or he objects to the call to leadership (prophetic or otherwise) \u2013 most famously, consider the story of Moses at the Burning Bush scene. \u00a0God continues with reassurance and promises of assistance, however, and the commission is realized and implemented.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A few linguistic features are noteworthy here. \u00a0First, v. 1 includes the only usage of the word <\/span>\u1e25azon<\/span><\/i> \u2018vision\u2019 (in the sense of \u2018prophetic vision\u2019) in the entire long narrative of Genesis through Kings. \u00a0Typically the noun is used in prophetic texts, including in superscriptions (Isaiah 1:1, Obadiah 1, Nahum 1:1).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Second, v. 4 includes the only instance of the formula <\/span>wayyiqra\u02be yhwh \u02beel<\/span><\/i>, lit. \u201cand the LORD called to,\u201d in the entire Bible. \u00a0Similar wordings appear in Genesis 3:9, Exodus 19:20, Leviticus 1:1, but only here at 1 Samuel 3:4 does this precise wording occur. \u00a0Presumably, the ancient reader would have apprehended the special nature of the phrase.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Three times God calls out to Samuel (vv. 4, 6, 8), but each time the young attendant in the Tabernacle believes that Eli is calling to him. \u00a0Finally, God calls out to Samuel a fourth time (v. 10), this time addressing him with the invocation \u201cSamuel, Samuel.\u201d The reader, and now Samuel, understands the import of the crucial expression, for the repeated name occurs only very rarely in biblical narrative: \u00a0\u201cAbraham, Abraham,\u201d during the Aqedah (Genesis 22:11); \u201cJacob, Jacob,\u201d before he travels to Egypt (Genesis 46:2); \u201cMoses, Moses,\u201d at the burning bush scene (Exodus 3:4); and now with Samuel. All of these occur at critical moments in the lives of the individuals thus addressed, including here, where Samuel first receives the divine call.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The chapter begins with the ominous comment, \u201cAnd the word of the LORD was rare in those days; vision was not widespread\u201d (v. 1). The chapter ends with the optimistic statement that God\u2019s revelations to Samuel were ongoing (v. 21), which is to say: \u00a0the prophecy conveyed by God to Samuel in 3:11\u201314 (related to the house of Eli) was not a singular event, but rather just the first of many such prophecies to be received by 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Snapshots: A New 929 Feature","tile_main_caption":"I Samuel 3: Samuel Comes To Fill The Vacuum Of Leadership","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"with Adam Mintz (sponsored by George S. Blumenthal and filmed by Ardon Bar-Hama)","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/QFRZwLelLUM","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"3","chapter_main_number":"235","date":"20260723","wall_id":"235"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"369","name":"Visual Arts","old_id":"769"}]},{"order":8,"id":"56942","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"His Master\u2019s Voice ","post_title":"His Master\u2019s Voice","slug":"his-masters-voice","old_id":"56942","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34243,"post_title":"Moshe Sokolow","slug":"moshe-sokolow","old_id":"34243","first_name":"Moshe","last_name":"Sokolow","description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University, and teaches a weekly class in parashat hashavu`a at Lincoln Square Synagogue. He is the author of TANAKH: An Owner\u2019s Manual (Jerusalem: Urim\/Ktav, 2015).\r\n\r\n","short_description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34244,"alt":"","title":"sokolow","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","width":302,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow-300x298.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":298,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","medium_large-width":302,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","large-width":302,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","1536x1536-width":302,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","2048x2048-width":302,"2048x2048-height":300,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","post_full_size-width":302,"post_full_size-height":300,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","home_baner-width":302,"home_baner-height":300}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"235","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"

Our chapter recounts Samuel\u2019s first prophetic experience. He mistook the voice of God for that of Eli\u2014not once or even twice but three times\u2014responding, in each case, <\/span>hinneni<\/span><\/i>, here I am, exactly as the Patriarch Abraham responded to God\u2019s summons in Genesis 22:1. Eli explained to his charge that God was calling him and that he should acknowledge Him and request his instructions, and so he does\u2014the fourth time around.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

While Scripture is silent on the question of exactly how those summonses were issued, it provides us with enough information for some informed speculation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

First of all, it tells us that in each of the misinterpreted instances, Samuel presented himself to Eli, which implies that Samuel identified the voice of the summons with that of his priestly mentor. The fact that he continued to respond to Eli after discovering\u2014not once but twice\u2014that Eli had not summoned him only strengthens our assumption that the voice calling out \u201cSamuel\u201d sounded like Eli\u2019s because no other facts fit the situation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Our first conclusion, then, is that when God communicated with people, He utilized familiar voices they could readily identify as being those of authority.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A second observation attaches to Eli\u2019s reactions. The first time his reply is terse and, perhaps, even pointed: \u201cGo <\/span>back<\/span><\/i> to bed\u201d (5). The second time, however, the \u201cgo back to bed\u201d is softened by the addition of \u201cmy son\u201d (6). \u00a0It seems to be dawning on Eli that more is afoot here than just a restless novice, and by the third time his reply is \u201cgo to bed\u201d (9) as though the clock were being entirely reset.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A final observation attaches to the summons itself. While the first two times the voice called \u201cSamuel\u201d but once, the third time it called \u201cSamuel Samuel\u201d (10), the duplication of the name reminiscent of the doubled \u201cAbraham Abraham\u201d of Genesis 22:11 and the summons of \u201cMoses Moses\u201d at the burning bush (Exodus 3:4). <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Image: Eli and Samuel, by John Singleton Copley, 1780.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":56943,"alt":"","title":"isam3-Eli_and_Samuel","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel.jpg","width":800,"height":1006,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel-239x300.jpg","medium-width":239,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel-768x966.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":966,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel.jpg","large-width":800,"large-height":1006,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel.jpg","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":1006,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel.jpg","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":1006,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel.jpg","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":1006,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel-334x420.jpg","home_baner-width":334,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"His Master\u2019s Voice","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"A familiar voice, an unfamiliar message","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":56943,"alt":"","title":"isam3-Eli_and_Samuel","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel.jpg","width":800,"height":1006,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel-239x300.jpg","medium-width":239,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel-768x966.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":966,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel.jpg","large-width":800,"large-height":1006,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel.jpg","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":1006,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel.jpg","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":1006,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel.jpg","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":1006,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-Eli_and_Samuel-334x420.jpg","home_baner-width":334,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"3","chapter_main_number":"235","date":"20260723","wall_id":"235"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"384","name":"God","old_id":"784"},{"term_id":"833","name":"Voice","old_id":"1233"},{"term_id":"839","name":"Samuel","old_id":"1239"}]},{"order":9,"id":"56840","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"2","name":"Unity and Continuity ","post_title":"Unity And Continuity","slug":"unity-and-continuity","old_id":"56840","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":56443,"post_title":"Moshe Halbertal","slug":"moshe-halbertal","old_id":"56443","first_name":"Moshe ","last_name":"Halbertal ","description":"Prof. Moshe Halbertal is a professor of Jewish thought and philosophy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and a professor of law at New York University (NYU) and the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya. 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","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":56444,"alt":"","title":"Moshe-Halbertal","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Moshe-Halbertal.png","width":500,"height":500,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Moshe-Halbertal-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Moshe-Halbertal-300x300.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Moshe-Halbertal.png","medium_large-width":500,"medium_large-height":500,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Moshe-Halbertal.png","large-width":500,"large-height":500,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Moshe-Halbertal.png","1536x1536-width":500,"1536x1536-height":500,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Moshe-Halbertal.png","2048x2048-width":500,"2048x2048-height":500,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Moshe-Halbertal.png","post_full_size-width":500,"post_full_size-height":500,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Moshe-Halbertal-420x420.png","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"235","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"For this, a worldly king is more important than a transcendent God","post_main_content_content":"

In the Samuel narrative, both the shift away from the political theology of the Book of Judges and the initial appearance of monarchy in Israel are presented as events occurring in human history. They do not belong to the mythic past. The biblical king, enthroned before our eyes, is a thoroughly human being, not a God. He is not a pillar of the cosmic order. He plays a negligible and wholly dispensable role in religious ritual, does not convey divine commands to his people, does not maintain the order of nature, and is not the prime lawgiver.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Admittedly, mythical conceptions of monarchy are not entirely absent from the biblical material. The royal hymns in the Book of Psalms (chapters 2, 45 and 110), for example, offer striking examples of a political theology very similar to that of other communities in the ancient Near East. Yet the Book of Samuel reflects a radically different conception. For one thing, monarchy is described as emerging rather late in the history of Israel. It arose under emergency conditions, from the worldly needs of a rickety confederation of tribes that, at this particular moment, were seeking protection from the better-armed and better-trained Philistines \u2013 a new and threatening enemy nation that had dealt them one defeat after another. To the Israelites, pressed by an aggressive and militarily superior adversary, God the king seemed absent and remote. The people therefore yearned for a human sovereign able to muster and command a visible standing army, a worldly sovereign who could marshal and coerce them into a coordinated military response to a lethally powerful external foe. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

They demanded that Samuel, the last of the judges, establish a dynastic monarchy to ensure continuity of sovereignty over all Israel through the bloodline of a king. The monarchy for which they were pleading would thus answer the people\u2019s two most pressing and existential political concerns: the need for unity and the need for continuity. In this telling of the worldly founding of biblical kingship, the people, united by consanguinity and their covenant with God, preceded the monarchy and caused it to be instituted. The kingship was not a mythic force, therefore, but rather an institution that was voluntarily embraced for strategic reasons in historical time. Its emergence reflected the people\u2019s incapacity or refusal to keep faith with the radical theological notion of God\u2019s exclusive kingship when faced with the threat of extinction or enslavement by a mighty foreign army.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Excerpts from The Beginning of Politics: Power in the Biblical Book of Samuel<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 Moshe Halbertal and Stephen Holmes, Princeton University Press, 2017, pp 7-8. Re-printed with permission of the author.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":56668,"alt":"","title":"halbertal-book cover.jpg","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg.png","width":2000,"height":2000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg-300x300.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg-768x768.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg-1024x1024.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg.png","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg.png","2048x2048-width":2000,"2048x2048-height":2000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg-1200x1200.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg-420x420.png","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Excerpts from:\u201cThe Beginning of Politics: Power in the Biblical Book of Samuel\u201d ","tile_main_caption":"Unity And Continuity","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"For this, a worldly king is more important than a transcendent God","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":56668,"alt":"","title":"halbertal-book cover.jpg","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg.png","width":2000,"height":2000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg-300x300.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg-768x768.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg-1024x1024.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg.png","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg.png","2048x2048-width":2000,"2048x2048-height":2000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg-1200x1200.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/halbertal-book-cover.jpg-420x420.png","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"3","chapter_main_number":"235","date":"20260723","wall_id":"235"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"423","name":"Politics","old_id":"823"},{"term_id":"832","name":"Theology","old_id":"1232"},{"term_id":"835","name":"King","old_id":"1235"},{"term_id":"839","name":"Samuel","old_id":"1239"}]},{"order":10,"id":"56931","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Samuel \u2013 From Boy To Man ","post_title":"Samuel \u2013 From Boy To Man","slug":"samuel-from-boy-to-man","old_id":"56931","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":33877,"post_title":"Marc Bregman","slug":"marc-bregman","old_id":"33877","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Bregman","description":"Marc Bregman received his Ph.D. from The Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1991. He taught at the Hebrew Union College (Jerusalem), The Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the Schechter Institute for Judaic Studies in Jerusalem, and at the Ben-Gurion University in Beer Sheba, Israel. During 1993 he was Visiting Associate Professor at Yale University, and during 1996 he was the Stroum Professor of Jewish Studies and Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Washington in Seattle. During 2005, Bregman served as the Harry Starr Fellow in Judaica at Harvard University and was awarded a Teaching Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. He also has served as Forchheimer Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Humanities at The Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He is the author of The Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature: Studies in the Evolution of the Versions (Gorgias Press, 2003). In 2006, Bregman was appointed the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro, where he also headed the program in Jewish Studies, until 2013. Bregman retired from UNCG as of July 31, 2017. 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Our Chapter begins: \u201cThe boy (na\u2019ar) Samuel served the Lord before Eli\u201d (3:1). When Hannah fulfilled her vow to give her son \u201cto the Lord for all the days of his life\u201d (1:11), Samuel was still \u201cjust a boy\u201d (ve-ha-na\u2019ar na\u2019ar - 1:24). According to the Jewish historian, Josephus (Antiquities of the Jews, Book 5, 10:4), God first called to Samuel while he was asleep (see 3:3-15), when he was still only twelve years old.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The rabbinic sages (Midrash Shmuel 8:6) ponder whether the phrase \u201cSamuel served the Lord before Eli\u201d, might suggest that Samuel would actually \u201cstand before the Shekhinah (the Divine Presence of God)\u201d. The question is resolved by explaining that whenever Samuel would stand before (i.e. serve) Eli, it was as if he were standing before the Shekhinah. The Talmud Yerushalmi (Eruvin 5:1, 22b) relates this biblical interpretation to the general rabbinic educational principle that \u201cServing one\u2019s teacher is equivalent to serving the Shekhinah\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Babylonian Talmud (Berakhot 31b) preserves a discussion among the rabbis of the manly aspect of Samuel grown from boy to man, by first reminding us that Hannah prayed for a \u201cman-child\u201d (zera\u2019 \u2018anashim, literally \u201cseed of men\u201d, 1:11). Rav said: This means \u201ca man among men\u201d (gavra\u2019 be-guvrin). Shmuel said: This indicates \u201cSeed that will anoint two men as kings -- Saul and David\u201d. Rabbi Yohanan said: \u201cSeed that will be equal to two men -- Moses and Aaron, as it says, \u2018Moses and Aaron were among His priests. Samuel was among those who called on His name. They called on the Lord and He answered them\u2019\u201d (Psalms 99:6). <\/span><\/p>\r\n

The still youthful Samuel is said to have wisely rendered a halakhic decision \u2013 that one need not be a priest to perform ritual sacrifice. Samuel\u2019s teacher, Eli, approved of Samuel\u2019s ruling, but criticized him for having offered a halakhic ruling in his presence, i.e. in the presence of his teacher.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Despite the explicit biblical statement that \u201cno prophet has risen in Israel like Moses\u201d (Deuteronomy 34:10), Midrash Exodus Rabbah 16:3 suggests that Samuel was not only equal to Moses, but in some ways even superior to him as a prophet and judge.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The comparison of Samuel to Moses leads to a basic principle of good government (Tanhuma Shoftim 3): Those in authority should be above suspicion of financial mismanagement, so that no one should have reason to speak against them. Like Moses (see Numbers 16:15) and like Samuel (see I Samuel 12:3), there should be no stain on a leader\u2019s character.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Image: <\/span>Gerbrand van den Eeckhout<\/span> - Hannah presenting her son Samuel to the priest Eli ca.1665 \/ wikimedia<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":56937,"alt":"","title":"isam3-samuel before eli","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli.jpg","width":800,"height":648,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli-300x243.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":243,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli-768x622.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":622,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli.jpg","large-width":800,"large-height":648,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli.jpg","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":648,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli.jpg","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":648,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli.jpg","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":648,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli-519x420.jpg","home_baner-width":519,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Samuel \u2013 From Boy To Man","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"A boy who is to become a man among men","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":56937,"alt":"","title":"isam3-samuel before eli","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli.jpg","width":800,"height":648,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli-300x243.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":243,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli-768x622.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":622,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli.jpg","large-width":800,"large-height":648,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli.jpg","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":648,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli.jpg","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":648,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli.jpg","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":648,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/isam3-samuel-before-eli-519x420.jpg","home_baner-width":519,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"3","chapter_main_number":"235","date":"20260723","wall_id":"235"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"402","name":"Leadership","old_id":"802"},{"term_id":"627","name":"Talmud","old_id":"1027"},{"term_id":"839","name":"Samuel","old_id":"1239"}]},{"order":11,"id":"56842","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"The Transition From Priestly To Prophetic Authority ","post_title":"The Transition From Priestly To Prophetic Authority","slug":"the-transition-from-priestly-to-prophetic-authority","old_id":"56842","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":54356,"post_title":"Robert Alter","slug":"robert-alter","old_id":"54356","first_name":"Robert ","last_name":"Alter","description":"Robert Alter is the Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, where he has taught since 1967. He has written over twenty books, focusing on such topics as the European novel from the 18th century to the present, contemporary American fiction, and modern Hebrew literature. He has also written extensively on the literary aspects of the Bible. His most recent work is his monumental three volume translation of the entire Hebrew Bible - The Hebrew Bible, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019 - from which the selections in 929 are taken. ","short_description":"Robert Alter is the Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, and author of the three-volume translation of the entire Hebrew Bible - The Hebrew Bible, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":54357,"alt":"","title":"robert alter","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","width":184,"height":275,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","medium-width":184,"medium-height":275,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","medium_large-width":184,"medium_large-height":275,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","large-width":184,"large-height":275,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","1536x1536-width":184,"1536x1536-height":275,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","2048x2048-width":184,"2048x2048-height":275,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","post_full_size-width":184,"post_full_size-height":275,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","home_baner-width":184,"home_baner-height":275}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"235","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"

\u201cAnd the lad Samuel was ministering to the Lord in Eli\u2019s presence, and the word of the Lord was rare in those days, vision was not spread about\u201d (3:1)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

T<\/span>he word of the Lord was rare...vision was not spread about<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n

The \u201cword of the Lord\u201d is often a technical term referring to oracular message. Inquiring of the oracle would have been a priestly function, and so there is an intimation here of some sort of breakdown in the professional performance of the house of Eli. But the same phrase also is used to announce prophecy, and \u201cvision\u201d is a prophetic term: the whole episode concerns the transition from priestly to prophetic authority. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

From: From: Robert Alter, <\/span>The Hebrew Bible<\/span><\/em>, <\/span><\/i>vol. 2: Prophets, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019, ad loc. 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\u201cWhat Does Hashem's Voice Sound Like?\u201d<\/span><\/a> by David Schlusselberg: What does it mean to hear God?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cDoes God have a sense of Humor?\u201d<\/span><\/a> by Dan Epstein: Explore texts about Divine amusement.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Go deeper into the chapter....","tile_main_caption":"Sefaria Source Sheets - I Samuel 3","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Click to get links to learning resources","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":42232,"alt":"","title":"sefaria-words-sunburst","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","width":608,"height":395,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-300x195.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":195,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","medium_large-width":608,"medium_large-height":395,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","large-width":608,"large-height":395,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","1536x1536-width":608,"1536x1536-height":395,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","2048x2048-width":608,"2048x2048-height":395,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","post_full_size-width":608,"post_full_size-height":395,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","home_baner-width":608,"home_baner-height":395}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"Sefaria word sunburst visualization","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"3","chapter_main_number":"235","date":"20260723","wall_id":"235"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":16,"id":"56841","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Points to Ponder - I Samuel 3 ","post_title":"Points to Ponder - I Samuel 3","slug":"points-to-ponder-i-samuel-3","old_id":"56841","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":38102,"post_title":"929-English","slug":"929-english","old_id":"38102","first_name":"","last_name":"929-English","description":"","short_description":"","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":38333,"alt":"","title":"\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","width":1513,"height":860,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-300x171.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":171,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-768x437.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":437,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-1024x582.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":582,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","1536x1536-width":1513,"1536x1536-height":860,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","2048x2048-width":1513,"2048x2048-height":860,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-1200x682.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":682,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-739x420.png","home_baner-width":739,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"235","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"

    \r\n\t
  1. Nuances<\/span><\/i>. In order to get a sense of what was going on in the boy Samuel\u2019s heart regarding the voices he kept hearing, note the nuances. Such as: when did he run to Eli, and when did he walk. And what does Eli tell him to do, and what does Samuel answer him? And more.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  2. Light and darkness<\/span><\/i>. The chapter describes the waxing and waning of the light, internal and external. Eli\u2019s eyes \u201chad begun to fail and he could barely see\u201d (verse 2) vs. \u201cThe lamp of God had not yet gone out\u201d (verse 3). <\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  3. A sleepless night<\/span><\/i>. \u201cSamuel lay there until morning; ...and was afraid to report the vision to Eli\u201d (verse 15). Not hard to understand why.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  4. Here I am, my son<\/i>. The ultimate Biblical response to a calling, hineni<\/i>, is said by Samuel five times in this chapter, each time to Eli. Twice Eli calls Samuel \u201cmy son.\u201d That sums up the relationship between them - and also is an indication of the pain that will come from the fact that the rise of the one hinges on the downfall of the other.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>","post_main_content_image":{"id":86314,"alt":"","title":"Points to ponder","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"I Samuel 3","tile_main_caption":"Points to Ponder","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Insights and questions for personal reflection and group discussion","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":86314,"alt":"","title":"Points to ponder","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Prophets","book":"I Samuel","chapter":"3","chapter_main_number":"235","date":"20260723","wall_id":"235"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false}],"hide_acf":true,"home_image":false,"home_posts":false,"home_posts_title":"","posts_home":[],"static_cube_title":"","static_cube_brief":"","static_cube_color":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall\/56579"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wall"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}