{"id":50928,"date":"2018-07-09T17:41:56","date_gmt":"2018-07-09T14:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wall\/wall-172\/"},"modified":"2022-10-03T08:43:38","modified_gmt":"2022-10-03T05:43:38","slug":"wall-172","status":"publish","type":"wall","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wall\/wall-172\/","title":{"rendered":"chapter-Torah-Deuteronomy-19"},"parent":0,"template":"","acf":{"type":"chapter","wall_id":"172","date":"20260427","book":"Deuteronomy","chapter":"19","chapter_main_number":"172","books_group":"Torah","posts":[{"order":1,"id":"51059","color":"#f8ebe3","size":"1","name":"Deuteronomy 19 - Judy Hammond ","post_title":"Deuteronomy 19 - Judy Hammond","slug":"deuteronomy-19-judy-hammond","old_id":"51059","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34686,"post_title":"Soundcloud","slug":"soundcloud","old_id":"34686","first_name":"","last_name":"","description":"","short_description":"","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34656,"alt":"","title":"491","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","width":300,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","large-width":300,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":300,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","post_full_size-width":300,"post_full_size-height":300,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","home_baner-width":300,"home_baner-height":300}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"172","type_929":"4","show_author_image":true,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"The Audio Bible","tile_main_caption":"Deuteronomy 19","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"read by Judy Hammond","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/929-bible\/deuteronomy-chapter-19-read-by-judy-hammond","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Deuteronomy","chapter":"19","chapter_main_number":"172","date":"20260427","wall_id":"172"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":2,"id":"108314","color":"#f6edf6","size":"1","name":"Trespassers Will ","post_title":"Trespassers Will","slug":"trespassers-will","old_id":"108314","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":78133,"post_title":"Josh Blechner","slug":"josh-blechner","old_id":"78133","first_name":"Josh ","last_name":"Blechner ","description":"Josh first finished the Tanach during Yeshiva in Mevaseret Zion. He and his daughter studied the Tanach again for her bat mitzvah. Josh has taught many classes on Tanach throughout the years and currently in the New Rochelle 929 group. When not studying for 929, Josh works as an in-house lawyer in New Jersey.","short_description":"Josh has taught many classes on Tanach throughout the years and currently in the New Rochelle 929 group, and is an in-house attorney in New Jersey. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":78134,"alt":"","title":"josh blechner","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","width":276,"height":351,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-236x300.jpg","medium-width":236,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","medium_large-width":276,"medium_large-height":351,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","large-width":276,"large-height":351,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","1536x1536-width":276,"1536x1536-height":351,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","2048x2048-width":276,"2048x2048-height":351,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","post_full_size-width":276,"post_full_size-height":351,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","home_baner-width":276,"home_baner-height":351}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"172","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"On the importance of boundaries in property and business\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"

You shall not move your countryman\u2019s landmarks, set up by previous generations, in the property that will be allotted to you in the land that the LORD your God is giving you to possess (Deut 19:14).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This verse prohibits someone from moving their boundary into their neighbor\u2019s yard to increase their property. Rashi asks: if there already is a prohibition against stealing, why have this provision as well? He answers that if someone moves a boundary, they are in violation of both stealing and this violation of moving the boundary. This is unique to the land of Israel. If someone did this outside the land they are not in violation of this prohibition, only the provision against stealing. As the people are about to enter the land, it makes sense that Moses would discuss a prohibition that was unique to land ownership.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

But why have this second transgression at all? The delineation of tribal boundaries was an important topic in Numbers. Recall that the daughters of Zelophehad and the other members of the tribe were all concerned with property lines and the proper protection of familial estates. This second prohibition creates a \u201cbelt and suspenders\u201d protection for land ownership.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This rule is later expanded to include the prohibition against a competing business from encroaching on the territory of an established business. While it sounds like this injunction helps establish monopolies, in practice, the rule has flexibility. According to Moses Isserles (the Rama):<\/span><\/p>\r\n

There are those who say that the ability of residents to deny a business permit to residents of another place, is only possible where there will be no loss to the consumer. [That is, the proposed new business] would sell just like the original residents, and also their wares are no better than those of the original residents. However, [if the proposed new business] were to sell for lower prices, or the items were nice, then the consumers would benefit; in such a case, the original businesses may not deny a permit....Additionally, [if the new business] would bring in a new item, which wasn't previously available; even if not cheaper nor better, the original business may not deny them a permit...\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The rabbis, therefore, tried to find the proper balance between protecting boundaries, but also protecting the community by allowing proper competition.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":108316,"alt":"","title":"-63393390d6498--63393390d6499deut19-barbed wire boundary 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Potential Of A Community of Killers ","post_title":"The Potential Of A Community Of Killers","slug":"the-potential-of-a-community-of-killers","old_id":"51120","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":49857,"post_title":"Tali Adler","slug":"tali-adler","old_id":"49857","first_name":"Tali ","last_name":"Adler","description":"Rabbi Tali Adler is a faculty member at Yeshivat Hadar, an egalitarian yeshiva on the Upper West Side. Tali is a musmekhet of Yeshivat Maharat and a Wexner Graduate Fellow. During her time at Yeshivat Maharat, Tali served as the clergy intern at Kehilat Rayim Ahuvim and Harvard Hillel. \r\n","short_description":"Rabbi Tali Adler is a faculty member at Yeshivat Hadar, an egalitarian yeshiva on the Upper West Side","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":49865,"alt":"","title":"tali adler","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/tali-adler-1.jpg","width":165,"height":159,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/tali-adler-1-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/tali-adler-1.jpg","medium-width":165,"medium-height":159,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/tali-adler-1.jpg","medium_large-width":165,"medium_large-height":159,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/tali-adler-1.jpg","large-width":165,"large-height":159,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/tali-adler-1.jpg","1536x1536-width":165,"1536x1536-height":159,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/tali-adler-1.jpg","2048x2048-width":165,"2048x2048-height":159,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/tali-adler-1.jpg","post_full_size-width":165,"post_full_size-height":159,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/tali-adler-1.jpg","home_baner-width":165,"home_baner-height":159}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"172","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"In a place where the past is transparent, the future is brighter","post_main_content_content":"

The purpose of the cities of refuge is ambiguous in the Torah. In some places they seem to exist purely for the accidental killer\u2019s protection, a place where the blood avenger cannot touch him, where he can live his life safely. Other readings understand the cities of refuge as places of punishment. In this conception, cities of refuge are a punishment for an ambiguous sort of crime: while the murder was not premeditated it may have involved some sort of negligence. However, the cities of refuge seem like a strange sort of exile. Unlike normal exile, where the criminal is required to go abroad, the cities of refuge must be within the boundaries of the land of Israel. It is an exile without exile, an exile where the criminal does not have to leave, at least, not altogether.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A third, more subtle purpose of the city of refuge, stems from its strangeness: it is a city composed only of killers and levites. It is a city where, no matter where an accidental killer might go or who he talks to, his sin is known. It is implicitly understood that every non-Levite in the city has a terrible event in their past. This community of killers, this community of collectively acknowledged sin, is not only a place of protection or a place of punishment. It is a place where no one has to hide what is monstrous within them. It is a place where darkness can be acknowledged. It is a place where the energy human beings usually spend hiding their flaws and their past misdeeds can instead be used to move towards redemption.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Tractate Makkot explains that when an accidental killer arrives at a city of refuge, if the inhabitants of the city want to honor him in any way he is required to inform them of his past. Rotzeach ani<\/em>--I am a killer. If the people of the city insist \u201ceven so,\u201d he can accept the honor.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This is the essence of the city of refuge. It is a place where the teshuva process is open, a place where people are required to speak about the things they have done wrong, and a place where it is safe for them to speak that truth because everyone around them is doing the same. When a person is feeling the most unworthy because of their past, it is a place where they can speak their fear out loud: remember the terrible things that I have done, are you sure that you want me here, in this position of honor?--and it is a place where, because the people around him have accepted the darkness in their own past, they can answer \u201cYes, we know, and we want you here, doing this, even so.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It is only in this community of acknowledged, collective sin that the accidental killer has a chance for redemption. It is in this community, where everyone acknowledges the monstrous within them, that they can also reach what is most human. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Image by: <\/span>geralt\/Pixabay<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":51121,"alt":"","title":"dt19-hands","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands.jpg","width":1920,"height":768,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands-300x120.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":120,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands-768x307.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":307,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands-1024x410.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":410,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":614,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":768,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands-1200x480.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":480,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands-1050x420.jpg","home_baner-width":1050,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"The Potential Of A Community Of Killers","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"In a place where the past is transparent, the future is brighter","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":51121,"alt":"","title":"dt19-hands","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands.jpg","width":1920,"height":768,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands-300x120.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":120,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands-768x307.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":307,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands-1024x410.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":410,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":614,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":768,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands-1200x480.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":480,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-hands-1050x420.jpg","home_baner-width":1050,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Deuteronomy","chapter":"19","chapter_main_number":"172","date":"20260427","wall_id":"172"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"426","name":"Community","old_id":"826"},{"term_id":"547","name":"Punishment","old_id":"947"},{"term_id":"571","name":"Repentance","old_id":"971"}]},{"order":4,"id":"51116","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Seeking Asylum \u2013 Then and Now ","post_title":"Seeking Asylum \u2013 Then and Now","slug":"seeking-asylum-then-and-now","old_id":"51116","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":33877,"post_title":"Marc Bregman","slug":"marc-bregman","old_id":"33877","first_name":"Marc","last_name":"Bregman","description":"Marc Bregman received his Ph.D. from The Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1991. He taught at the Hebrew Union College (Jerusalem), The Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the Schechter Institute for Judaic Studies in Jerusalem, and at the Ben-Gurion University in Beer Sheba, Israel. During 1993 he was Visiting Associate Professor at Yale University, and during 1996 he was the Stroum Professor of Jewish Studies and Visiting Research Fellow at the University of Washington in Seattle. During 2005, Bregman served as the Harry Starr Fellow in Judaica at Harvard University and was awarded a Teaching Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. He also has served as Forchheimer Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Humanities at The Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He is the author of The Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature: Studies in the Evolution of the Versions (Gorgias Press, 2003). In 2006, Bregman was appointed the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro, where he also headed the program in Jewish Studies, until 2013. Bregman retired from UNCG as of July 31, 2017. He has now returned to Jerusalem where he is continuing his research and teaching activities.","credit":"","image_url":"","short_description":"Marc Bregman is the Herman and Zelda Bernard Distinguished Professor of Jewish Studies emeritus, at the University of North Carolina in Greensboro.","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":33878,"alt":"Marc Bregman","title":"Marc Bregman","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","width":361,"height":488,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-222x300.jpg","medium-width":222,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","medium_large-width":361,"medium_large-height":488,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","large-width":361,"large-height":488,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","1536x1536-width":361,"1536x1536-height":488,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","2048x2048-width":361,"2048x2048-height":488,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman.jpg","post_full_size-width":361,"post_full_size-height":488,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Bregman-311x420.jpg","home_baner-width":311,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"172","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The importance of refuge for accidental criminals and others","post_main_content_content":"

In the first part of our chapter (19:1-11), Moses recaps the instructions about setting up \u201cCities of Refuge\u201d (\u2018Arey Miqlat<\/em>) detailed in Numbers 35:6-28. These were six Levitical towns in the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah in which the perpetrators of accidental manslaughter could claim the right of asylum.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The rights of asylum and refugee status have a long history among the nations and religions of the world. These rights were formalized in the 1951 United Nations \u201cConvention Relating to the Status of Refugees\u201d, which defines who is a refugee and sets out the rights of individuals who are granted asylum and the responsibilities of nations that grant asylum. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Midrash (Tanhuma Buber, Masei 8, Talmud Bavli Makkot 9b-11a) elaborates on this biblical commandment: \u201cYou shall provide yourselves with places to serve you as cities of refuge to which a manslayer who has killed a person unintentionally may flee. The cities shall serve you as a refuge from the avenger, so that the manslayer may not die unless he has stood trial before the assembly\u201d (Numbers 35:11-12). <\/span><\/p>\r\n

About this commandment, Scripture says: \u201cGood and upright is the Lord. Therefore, He shows sinners the way\u201d (Psalms 25:8). \u201cRemember, O Lord, Your compassion and Your faithfulness; they are old as time\u201d (Psalms 25:6). This is as if King David had cried out before the Holy One, Blessed be He: Were it not for the mercies You showed Adam, he could not have survived. For You warned him: \u201c\u2026the tree of knowledge of good and bad, you must not eat of it. For as soon as you eat of it, you shall die\u201d (Genesis 2:17). But, instead of killing him immediately, You exiled him from the Garden of Eden (see Genesis 3:24) and he lived for 930 years before dying (see Genesis 5:5). And although Adam may be accused of having brought death to the world (see Tanhuma Huqqat 16), God treated him like one who commits accidental manslaughter and is exiled to the cities of refuge. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

When Moses received this commandment, he asked: Master of the Universe! If a man slays a person unwittingly, how is he to know how to flee to the cities of refuge? God replied: \u201cYou shall prepare the way\u2026that any manslayer may flee there\u201d (Deuteronomy 19:3). Moses asked: How exactly shall we \u201cprepare the way\u201d? God told him to set up stelae as signposts to point the way, on which will be written: Manslayer! This is the way to the Cities of Refuge. Is this not truly a fulfillment of what King David said: \u201cGood and upright is the Lord. Therefore, He shows sinners the way\u201d (Psalms 25:8)? <\/span><\/p>\r\n

And if God shows the way to safety to manslayers, how much the more so will He show the right path to the righteous, as it says: \u201cHe guides the humble in the right path and teaches the humble His way\u201d (Psalms 25:9).<\/span><\/p>\r\n


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How can one chapter contain such aggressive, xenophobic ideas (verses 1, 13, 21), so problematic to many modern ears, and, juxtaposed to these verses, the most radical, progressive version of restorative justice (verses 2-10)?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

We first find the cities of refuge in Numbers 35, where creating havens for unintentional killers is a levitical duty. In Deuteronomy 4 and 19 (and Joshua 20), these places and details about whom should be sent there reappear. The cities are for those whose actions have led to a death, without the killing having been their intention. There are two purposes: the protection of the individual from vigilante vengeance killings, and their atonement and restoration to society.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Makkot 10a stresses the importance of providing compassionately for these people, with water, food, people, access to Torah study, and no weapons in the vicinity, all in the name of \u201c <\/span>v\u2019chai<\/em> <\/span>,\u201d that they should live well there. Additionally, Rambam (Hilchot Rotseach 5-6) illumines how the cities are for atonement, by clarifying that for some, exile to a city of refuge would not lead to their successful repentance. The cities of refuge are not a punishment. Rambam expounds at length about keeping these people safe; they are accompanied to the city by two Torah scholars, and if they are murdered in revenge while there, the killer will be punished severely.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In short, the cities of refuge are a compassionate framework for restorative justice. Nancy Wiener and Jo Hirschmann in their book <\/span>Maps and Meaning; Levitical Models for Contemporary Care <\/span><\/i>write of how, \u201cthe message was clear: reintegration and repentance were the goals, not<\/span> hardship and punishment\u201d (p 214). I was struck by this charge for justice in reading of the teenager-turned-ISIS-wife-and-mother, Shamima Begum. Having fled to a Syrian refugee camp, Begum has been stripped of her British citizenship without trial. Surely she has made mistakes, but her intentions and actions must be studied carefully before such \u201chardship and punishment,\u201d as Wiener and Hirschmann wrote, is prioritised over \u201creintegration and repentance.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

So how do we hold both aspects of Deuteronomy 19? The dispossession and killing of other nations so the Israelites can settle their land, and pitiless revenge; and the cities of refuge? We must reread the problematic bias towards non-Israelites. There is plenty of guidance in Torah to lead to a more \u201cdo not oppress the stranger for we were strangers\u201d attitude. We must reject the violent, anti-Other framing, and translate the kernel of the wisdom of Torah for our time; embracing the model of cities of refuge, adapting the system not just for Jews, but for all those amongst whom we live, in modern, democratic, diverse societies.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Image by geralt\/Pixabay<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":51124,"alt":"","title":"dt19-justice","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice.jpg","width":1920,"height":1216,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice-300x190.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":190,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice-768x486.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":486,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice-1024x649.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":649,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":973,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1216,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice-1200x760.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":760,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice-663x420.jpg","home_baner-width":663,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Reintegration And Repentence","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"A Blueprint for a Compassionate, Progressive Justice System\u2026 for some","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":51124,"alt":"","title":"dt19-justice","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice.jpg","width":1920,"height":1216,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice-300x190.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":190,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice-768x486.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":486,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice-1024x649.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":649,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":973,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1216,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice-1200x760.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":760,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-justice-663x420.jpg","home_baner-width":663,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Deuteronomy","chapter":"19","chapter_main_number":"172","date":"20260427","wall_id":"172"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"571","name":"Repentance","old_id":"971"},{"term_id":"628","name":"Democracy","old_id":"1028"},{"term_id":"825","name":"Atonement","old_id":"1225"}]},{"order":6,"id":"51113","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Shoftim & Shotrim: Going To See BlacKkKlansman ","post_title":"Shoftim & Shotrim: Going To See BlacKkKlansman","slug":"shoftim-shotrim-going-to-see-blackkklansman","old_id":"51113","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":42746,"post_title":"Michal Kohane","slug":"michal-kohane","old_id":"42746","first_name":"Michal ","last_name":"Kohane ","description":"Currently based in Israel, Rabbanit Michal Kohane is a graduate of Yeshivat Maharat, a writer, community leader and teacher of Talmud & Torah. She holds degrees in Israel studies , education and psychology, and has been a leader and educator in Northern California for over 25 years. Her first novel, Hachug (\"Extracurricular\") was published in Israel in 2016 and her weekly blog can be found at http:\/\/www.miko284.com\r\n\r\n\r\n","short_description":"Currently based in Israel, Rabbanit Michal Kohane is a graduate of Yeshivat Maharat, a writer, community leader and teacher of Talmud & Torah. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":42747,"alt":"","title":"michal kohane","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/michal-kohane-e1540448078529.jpg","width":214,"height":226,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/michal-kohane-e1540448078529-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/michal-kohane-e1540448078529.jpg","medium-width":214,"medium-height":226,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/michal-kohane-e1540448078529.jpg","medium_large-width":214,"medium_large-height":226,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/michal-kohane-e1540448078529.jpg","large-width":214,"large-height":226,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/michal-kohane-e1540448078529.jpg","1536x1536-width":214,"1536x1536-height":226,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/michal-kohane-e1540448078529.jpg","2048x2048-width":214,"2048x2048-height":226,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/michal-kohane-e1540448078529.jpg","post_full_size-width":214,"post_full_size-height":226,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/michal-kohane-e1540448078529.jpg","home_baner-width":214,"home_baner-height":226}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"172","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Judges and police - collective responsibility for justice being done","post_main_content_content":"

On my visit to the prison floor, R. is asking me to do something for him. This is <\/span>ex-a-ctly<\/span><\/em> the sort of opening that prison authorities warn against, but R\u2019s request is different: he\u2019d like me to go see<\/span> BlacKkKlansman<\/span><\/a>, for him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The movie which is described as \u201centertaining\u201d is anything but. Set in 1970s Colorado Springs, the plot follows the first African-American detective in the police department, Ron Stallworth, who sets out to infiltrate and expose the local chapter of the Ku Klux Klan, and who in turn recruits his Jewish coworker to help him along.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I am guessing R, with his long-time prison history, did not get to see the film, but the painful history and its results in the present, are all too familiar to him. Per<\/span> Wikipedia<\/span><\/a>, \u201cthe United States has the largest prison population in the world, and the highest per-capita incarceration rate\u201d. Of adult prisoners, \u201cWhites\u201d comprise about 2\/3 of their number in the larger population while \u201cBlacks\u201d comprise 3 times their population in society at large.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The Torah already knows of prison: we hear about it when Joseph is thrown into \u201c<\/span>beit ha\u2019asurim<\/span><\/em>\u201d \u2013 in Egypt (Genesis 39:20). We also know of refuge cities, but interestingly, those are designed to protect the transgressor, not penalize. There are plenty of punishments: fines, lashes and even capital punishment are an option, at least on paper. And ne can also become a servant in order to pay a debt, for a limited period. But I am not sure how the Torah feels about taking away another human\u2019s freedom and life, at times, for good.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This chapter, dealing with the social order and creating a just system, opens with placing \u201cofficers and judges in all your gates\u201d. Officers and judges \u2013 is said in the plural; \u201cyour\u201d gates \u2013 is in the singular, perhaps because we are all responsible as one. And perhaps also, as the R. Isaac Luria points out, because each one of us is a little country of itself, and we too need \u201cofficers and judges\u201d. <\/span><\/p>\r\n

Rav Chaim Vital talks about the seven gates in our face: the eyes, ears, nostrils and mouth, and the 8<\/span>th<\/span> gate, of touch. How wide the gate, how generous, protective or closed are the guards and judges? What kind of system creates, serves and maintains justice? Finding that point will determine our wellbeing as individuals and as a society.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Meyer Rabbinic Fellow at B\u2019nai Jeshurun (NYC). An interfaith educator and advocate, Margo has worked in the US and internationally at the intersection of faith and human rights. ","short_description":"Margo Hughes-Robinson is a third year rabbinical student at the Jewish Theological Seminary, and is a Marshall T. Meyer Rabbinic Fellow at B\u2019nai Jeshurun (NYC).","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":50768,"alt":"","title":"margo hughes robinson","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/margo-hughes-robinson.jpg","width":828,"height":820,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/margo-hughes-robinson-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/margo-hughes-robinson-300x297.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":297,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/margo-hughes-robinson-768x761.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":761,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/margo-hughes-robinson.jpg","large-width":828,"large-height":820,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/margo-hughes-robinson.jpg","1536x1536-width":828,"1536x1536-height":820,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/margo-hughes-robinson.jpg","2048x2048-width":828,"2048x2048-height":820,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/margo-hughes-robinson.jpg","post_full_size-width":828,"post_full_size-height":820,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/margo-hughes-robinson-424x420.jpg","home_baner-width":424,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"172","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The commandment of sanctuary pushes us to the limits of compassion","post_main_content_content":"

In its discussion of the mitzvah of sanctuary, the book of Deuteronomy describes a devastating set of circumstances. Someone in the community has been killed. The victim\u2019s family is shattered, and may wish to pursue the perpetrator according to their right of blood-vengeance. The culprit, who never intended to hurt his fellow, sits in a liminal state of culpability: while he does not assume the blood guilt of a murderer, the death he has caused cannot remain unaddressed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

While both the guilt and the way forward are unclear in this situation, the pain is palpable. And it is within this network of uncertainty that the Torah emphasizes the need for cities of refuge. This mitzvah, the text insists, is incumbent not upon the death-causer or the blood-avenger, but upon the whole community of Israel. By establishing these nine cities- enough so that one is always accessible to a pursued individual- we are enacting the commandment \u201cto love the Lord your God, and to walk in God\u2019s ways for all days.\u201d (19:9)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The medieval commentator Ibn Ezra emphasizes the continuous nature of this mitzvah, that the pursuit of God\u2019s ways is an ongoing project. By creating and maintaining these cities of refuge, we model Godliness.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

To care for the vulnerable, even for those whose action have resulted in harm, is to take powerful steps towards this continuing mitzvah. What is asked of us in the commandment of sanctuary is a communal push to the limits of <\/span>r<\/span>achamim<\/span><\/em>, mercy or compassion<\/span>.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\r\n

The city of refuge cannot heal the pain of the family in their loss, nor can it enact a perfect justice for the accidental death-causer. 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","post_title":"Who Can We Trust?","slug":"who-can-we-trust","old_id":"51090","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":49419,"post_title":"Josh Weiner","slug":"josh-weiner","old_id":"49419","first_name":"Josh ","last_name":"Weiner ","description":"Rabbi Josh Weiner has worked as a social worker, tour guide and kindergarten teacher. 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\"Just the place for a Snark! I have said it twice:<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 That alone should encourage the crew.<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>Just the place for a Snark! I have said it thrice:<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 What I tell you three times is true.\"<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n

(Lewis Carroll, <\/span>The Hunting of the Snark<\/span><\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Our chapter confronts us with the harsh realities of the law. \u201cYou shall show no pity!\u201d we are told in the final verse. The law is the law. But how can human judges apply the abstract laws of the Torah to the messy reality of actual human interactions?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

One of the methods that the Torah stresses, here and elsewhere, is to ascertain the truth of the situation before deciding how to apply the law.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

A single witness may not validate against a person any guilt or blame for any offense that may be committed; a case can be valid only on the testimony of two or three witnesses\u00a0<\/span>(19:15).<\/span><\/p>\r\n

What does the enigmatic phrase \u2018two or three\u2019 mean? Some modern translations simply say \u2018two or more\u2019. The ancient community in Qumran seem to have made a distinction: in a scroll known as the Damascus Document, we learn that two witnesses were needed for cases involving money, while three were necessary for cases that could lead to the death penalty. The rabbis of the Mishna (Makkot 1:8) tell us something else. \u201cThree is like two\u201d - when additional witnesses come, they should be examined and interrogated fully, and we can\u2019t rely on our favorite two witnesses - \u201ceven if a hundred witnesses come!\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

What about one witness? Our chapter doesn\u2019t count such testimony, but actually, our whole society is based on trusting individuals. Whenever we are guests in someone\u2019s home, we rely on the word of our host to tell us what is in the food they are serving, and how it fits our tastes, allergies, or kashrut standards. In business, we trust the word of sellers; in relationships, we trust our partner is telling the truth. Sometimes, such trust is broken - but society is built on taking that risk. We could not live any other way.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

This is the tension we live with. Deuteronomy 19 presents the ideal, having multiple witnesses to get as close as possible to the truth. Our everyday life is built on reality, not being sure of the truth, but trusting one another nonetheless. <\/span>
\r\n
\r\n<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Image: <\/span>\u00a0ESB Professional<\/span> \/ Shutterstock.com<\/span><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":51102,"alt":"","title":"dt19-testimony","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony.jpg","width":1000,"height":667,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":667,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":667,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":667,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":667,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Who Can We Trust?","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"When the word of one, and one's word, may or may not be enough","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":51102,"alt":"","title":"dt19-testimony","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony.jpg","width":1000,"height":667,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":667,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":667,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":667,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":667,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-testimony-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Deuteronomy","chapter":"19","chapter_main_number":"172","date":"20260427","wall_id":"172"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"724","name":"Trust","old_id":"1124"}]},{"order":10,"id":"51104","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Owning the Earth ","post_title":"Owning The Earth","slug":"owning-the-earth","old_id":"51104","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":33992,"post_title":"Bradley Shavit Artson","slug":"rabbi-dr-bradley-shavit-artson","old_id":"33992","first_name":"Bradley Shavit ","last_name":"Artson","description":"Rabbi Dr Bradley Shavit Artson holds the Abner and Roslyn Goldstine Dean's Chair of the Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies and is Vice President of American Jewish University in Los Angeles, and is professor of philosophy there. Artson is married to Elana Shavit Artson, and they are the parents of twins, Shira and Jacob.\r\n","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"short_description":"Rabbi Dr Bradley Shavit Artson is the Dean of the Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies and is Vice President of American Jewish University in Los Angeles.","link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":33993,"alt":"","title":"Rabbi Dr Bradley Shavit Artson","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","width":204,"height":199,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-256x300.png","medium-width":256,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","medium_large-width":204,"medium_large-height":199,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","large-width":204,"large-height":199,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","1536x1536-width":204,"1536x1536-height":199,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","2048x2048-width":204,"2048x2048-height":199,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","post_full_size-width":204,"post_full_size-height":199,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Rabbi-Dr-Bradley-Shavit-Artson-e1532029361140.png","home_baner-width":204,"home_baner-height":199}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"172","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Taking people\u2019s claims seriously ","post_main_content_content":"

The Torah already established that theft is a crime; we know that from the Ten Commandments. So why does it feel the need to add an apparently redundant prohibition. In a seemingly unconnected list of laws about judicial, military, and property matters, the Torah informs us that \u201cyou shall not move your fellow\u2019s landmarks, set up by previous generations, in the property that will be allocated to you in the land that the Lord your God is giving you to possess (19:14).\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n

What is distinctive about moving boundary marks that would justify a separate prohibition?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Some have offered that what is added is the specific expectation that such behavior is not to countenanced in the Land of Israel. And while that is a reasonable expectation, it surely doesn\u2019t imply that outside the land sneaking around and moving other people\u2019s property markers is acceptable, does it?<\/span><\/p>\r\n

I\u2019d like to offer a different possibility. Throughout Jewish law, distinction is often made between real estate and other forms of property. Those objects which are moveable, or alive, have a different status than soil or those that cannot be moved (buildings, orchards, vineyards, etc). There is something different about property that is connected to the earth.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Perhaps what we are offered here is a recognition that we must take seriously other people\u2019s claims on the soil. If their ancestors established their connection to a particular place, then that connection must be honored. When there is a conflict about divergent claims on similar land, it must be addressed publicly, honestly, and with reference to standards of fairness and equity that apply equally to all parties. Sneaking to move a boundary marker, using the darkness of night or a time that others might be distracted, is beneath a people who are covenanted with God.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Disputes will happen. Claims to land can be sources of legitimate tension and disagreement. But the Torah instructs us to conduct those disputes in the open, with reference to equal weight given to argument, evidence, history, and attachment.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

As a people newly returned to our land, these rules regain a deeper relevance with all who share this precious place.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Image: https:\/\/wiki.openstreetmap.org\/wiki\/File:Compartment.jpg<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":51105,"alt":"","title":"dt19-boundary","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","width":200,"height":267,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","medium-width":200,"medium-height":267,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","medium_large-width":200,"medium_large-height":267,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","large-width":200,"large-height":267,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","1536x1536-width":200,"1536x1536-height":267,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","2048x2048-width":200,"2048x2048-height":267,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","post_full_size-width":200,"post_full_size-height":267,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","home_baner-width":200,"home_baner-height":267}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Owning The Earth","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Taking people\u2019s claims seriously ","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":51105,"alt":"","title":"dt19-boundary","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","width":200,"height":267,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","medium-width":200,"medium-height":267,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","medium_large-width":200,"medium_large-height":267,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","large-width":200,"large-height":267,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","1536x1536-width":200,"1536x1536-height":267,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","2048x2048-width":200,"2048x2048-height":267,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","post_full_size-width":200,"post_full_size-height":267,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-boundary.jpg","home_baner-width":200,"home_baner-height":267}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Deuteronomy","chapter":"19","chapter_main_number":"172","date":"20260427","wall_id":"172"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"497","name":"Land","old_id":"897"},{"term_id":"779","name":"Ownership","old_id":"1179"}]},{"order":11,"id":"51108","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"False Witness ","post_title":"False Witness","slug":"false-witness","old_id":"51108","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":36669,"post_title":"Yakov Azriel","slug":"yakov-azriel","old_id":"36669","first_name":"Yakov ","last_name":"Azriel","description":"Yakov Azriel, who lives in Israel, has published five books of poetry in the USA and hundreds of poems in journals and magazines. His poems have won twenty-two prizes in international poetry competitions, and he has twice been awarded fellowships from the Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture.","short_description":"Yakov Azriel is an English language poet who lives in Israel","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":36670,"alt":"","title":"Yakov.Azriel.Photo","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Yakov.Azriel.Photo_-e1533158407668.jpg","width":1099,"height":1519,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Yakov.Azriel.Photo_-e1533158407668-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Yakov.Azriel.Photo_-e1533158407668-217x300.jpg","medium-width":217,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Yakov.Azriel.Photo_-e1533158407668-741x1024.jpg","medium_large-width":741,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Yakov.Azriel.Photo_-e1533158407668-741x1024.jpg","large-width":741,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Yakov.Azriel.Photo_-e1533158407668.jpg","1536x1536-width":1099,"1536x1536-height":1519,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Yakov.Azriel.Photo_-e1533158407668.jpg","2048x2048-width":1099,"2048x2048-height":1519,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Yakov.Azriel.Photo_-e1533158407668-868x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":868,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Yakov.Azriel.Photo_-e1533158407668-304x420.jpg","home_baner-width":304,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"172","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"And everything here is true \/ the ghetto is true...","post_main_content_content":"

when butterflies still flew<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>not long ago<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>and not far away<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>there lived a little girl<\/span><\/p>\r\n

with her father and mother<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>sister and brother<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>in a small town<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>where little happened <\/span><\/p>\r\n

except for the butterflies<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>that appeared in the spring<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>and flew in the fields<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>which surrounded the town <\/span><\/p>\r\n

and the girl would go to the fields<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>and run after the butterflies<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>laughing when they flew away<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>laughing when they rested on stalks <\/span><\/p>\r\n

but Bad Times came<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>when Evil Men entered the town<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>and the little girl\u2019s family<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>was netted inside a ghetto <\/span><\/p>\r\n

where her brother was beaten<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>and clubbed until he died<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>because he was a Jew<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>who did not wear a yellow star <\/span><\/p>\r\n

where her father was shot<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>because he was a Jew<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>who wore a yellow star<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>and walked in the wrong street at the wrong time <\/span><\/p>\r\n

where her sister grew sick<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>because there was no medicine<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>where her sister starved to death<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>because there was no food <\/span><\/p>\r\n

and the little girl with her mother<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>were sent on a train<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>packed with people but no water<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>packed with people but no toilets <\/span><\/p>\r\n

to a place where she was stripped of her hair<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>and stripped of her clothes<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>where she took a shower with gas<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>where her body was burned <\/span><\/p>\r\n

where she was sent through chimneys<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>as ash with her mother<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>as ash with her people<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>as ash with her story <\/span><\/p>\r\n

and everything here is true<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>the ghetto is true<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>and the train is true<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>and the chimneys are true<\/span><\/p>\r\n

and the little girl is true<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>and her family is true<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>and her people is true<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>and her story is true <\/span><\/p>\r\n

but the sun is not true<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>the sun bears false witness<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>for the sun saw but did nothing<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>the sun shone and didn't burn the world<\/span><\/p>\r\n

and the moon is not true<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>the moon bears false witness<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>the moon heard but did nothing<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>the moon pulled tides but didn't flood the world<\/span><\/p>\r\n

and the stars are not true<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>the stars bear false witness<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>the stars knew but did nothing<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>the stars didn't crash down and turn the world into chaos <\/span><\/p>\r\n

and the little girl\u2019s butterflies<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>have lost all their wings<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>so all that remains<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>is a butterfly\u2019s tongue<\/span><\/p>\r\n

only a butterfly\u2019s tongue<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>which no longer sucks nectar<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>which stutters as it unrolls<\/span>
\r\n<\/span>is left to tell the girl\u2019s story <\/span><\/p>\r\n

and not to bear false witness<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":51110,"alt":"","title":"dt19-butterfly","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-butterfly.png","width":640,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-butterfly-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-butterfly-150x300.png","medium-width":150,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-butterfly-512x1024.png","medium_large-width":512,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-butterfly-512x1024.png","large-width":512,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-butterfly.png","1536x1536-width":640,"1536x1536-height":1280,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-butterfly.png","2048x2048-width":640,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-butterfly-600x1200.png","post_full_size-width":600,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/dt19-butterfly-210x420.png","home_baner-width":210,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"929 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\u201cNo Justice, No Peace\u201d<\/a> by Ariana Katz: Jewish responses to injustice.<\/p>\r\n

\u201cSpeedily in our Days: Conceptions of Mashiach\u201d<\/a> by Aaron Klein: Explore texts about the idea of the messiah.<\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Go deeper into the chapter....","tile_main_caption":"Sefaria Source Sheets - Deuteronomy 19","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Click to get links to learning resources","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":42232,"alt":"","title":"sefaria-words-sunburst","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","width":608,"height":395,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst-300x195.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":195,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","medium_large-width":608,"medium_large-height":395,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","large-width":608,"large-height":395,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","1536x1536-width":608,"1536x1536-height":395,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","2048x2048-width":608,"2048x2048-height":395,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","post_full_size-width":608,"post_full_size-height":395,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/sefaria-words-sunburst.png","home_baner-width":608,"home_baner-height":395}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"Sefaria word sunburst visualization","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Deuteronomy","chapter":"19","chapter_main_number":"172","date":"20260427","wall_id":"172"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":15,"id":"108311","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"1","name":"Points To Ponder: Deuteronomy 19 ","post_title":"Points To Ponder: Deuteronomy 19","slug":"points-to-ponder-deuteronomy-19","old_id":"108311","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":false,"related_cahpter":"172","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"

    \r\n\t
  1. Spot the differences.<\/em> 20 chapters ago in Num. 35 we first encountered the law of the asylum cities. Similar to here, but different. What is the fundamental relationship to the blood avenger? What\u2019s the connection between asylum cities and levitical cities? What\u2019s the role of the high priest in the story, if he has any at all? Worth comparing notes.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  2. Good example<\/em>. Are you not clear on the topic of involuntary manslaughter (<\/span>rotzeach beshogeg<\/span><\/em>)? The criteria are laid out in in verse 4, and a nice narrative example is presented in verse 5.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  3. Warm heart<\/em>. But not in the good sense - see verse 6.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  4. Direct personal responsibility<\/em>. Testifying in a trial is a big responsibility. To understand just how big - see the punishment for perjury, and how closely connected it is to the specific incident about which the witness is testifying (verses 19-21).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t
  5. Don\u2019t have mercy<\/em>. Twice in this chapter the need to punish and not to have mercy is emphasized - \u201cshow no pity\u201d - in verse 13 regarding the murderer, and in verse 21, in the case of the false witness. <\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>","post_main_content_image":{"id":86314,"alt":"","title":"Points to ponder","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"The Daily Summary","tile_main_caption":"Points to Ponder: Deuteronomy 19","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Insights and questions for personal reflection and group discussion","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":86314,"alt":"","title":"Points to ponder","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","links":false,"send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Deuteronomy","chapter":"19","chapter_main_number":"172","date":"20260427","wall_id":"172"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false}],"hide_acf":true,"home_image":false,"home_posts":false,"home_posts_title":"","posts_home":[],"static_cube_title":"","static_cube_brief":"","static_cube_color":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall\/50928"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wall"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wall"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50928"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}