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\u05d4\u05db\u05e8\u05d7\u05d9 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05e1\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05df \u2013 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05e0\u05e1\u05d4 \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05db\u05d5\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e6\u05e7\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05e8\u05e7\u05d9 \u05e2\u05de\u05d5,&#10;\u05d5\u05d6\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e4\u05e9\u05d5\u05d8.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"RTL\"><span>\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9&#10;\u05d2\u05dd \u05de\u05e6\u05b4\u05e4\u05bc\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e8\u05d7 \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05de\u05e4\u05bc\u05b7\u05d7\u05b7\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d0\u05dc \u05d4\u05e7\u05e8\u05e7\u05e2. \u05db\u05e9\u05de\u05e7\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05d5\u05db\u05e8\u05d7\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05db\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d2\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea&#10;\u05d4\u05ea\u05e4\u05e7\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05e6\u05d9, \u05d5\u05db\u05e9\u05e8\u05e6\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e0\u05d7\u05d9\u05dc \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05e1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u2013 \u05d7\u05e9\u05e9 \u05de\u05de\u05e9\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05ea \u05d6\u05d5. \u05d0\u05da \u05db\u05e9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d4\u05e9\u05e7\u05d9\u05e2\u05d4&#10;\u05d1\u05ea\u05d7\u05ea\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05e2\u05dc\u05ea \u05e9\u05e2\u05e8, \u05db\u05da \u05d2\u05dd \u05d1\u05d4\u05e1\u05ea\u05e2\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05dc\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d9\u05e9 \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05d4\u05d7\u05de\u05e6\u05d4. <\/span><\/p><p dir=\"RTL\"><span>\u05d1\u05d0&#10;\u05d9\u05ea\u05e8\u05d5 \u05d5\u05de\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e8\u05e2\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d5\u05d0\u05b4\u05ea\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05e7\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05d4\u05d9\u05d2\u05d9\u05d5\u05df, \u05e9\u05de\u05de\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d7\u05e8\u05d3 \u05db\u05dc \u05db\u05da \u05de\u05e9\u05d4, \u05e9\u05de\u05de\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e0\u05e1\u05d4&#10;\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d5\u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05e2\u05dc\u05dd \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05e7\u05e2\u05e7\u05e2 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8, \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05e4\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"RTL\"><span><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"RTL\"><span><b><br\/>\u05e1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd<\/b><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"RTL\"><span><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"RTL\"><span>\u05e0\u05e2\u05d4&#10;\u05d4\u05de\u05d8\u05d5\u05d8\u05dc\u05ea \u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05dc\u05db\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05d1\u05d4\u05d9\u05e8, \u05d4\u05d1\u05d8\u05d5\u05d7, \u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05d3 \u05ea\u05d8\u05d5\u05dc\u05d8\u05dc \u05de\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9, \u05dc\u05d1\u05dc \u05ea\u05d0\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4 \u05ea\u05e0\u05d5\u05e2\u05d4: \u05de\u05ea\u05df&#10;\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4. <\/span><\/p><p dir=\"RTL\"><span>&#34;\u05d5\u05b7\u05d9\u05bc\u05b9\u05d0\u05de\u05b6\u05e8&#10;\u05d4' \u05d0\u05b6\u05dc \u05de\u05e9\u05c1\u05b6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05b4\u05e0\u05bc\u05b5\u05d4 \u05d0\u05b8\u05e0\u05b9\u05db\u05b4\u05d9 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b8\u05d0 \u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u05b6\u05d9\u05da\u05b8 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05d1 \u05d4\u05b6\u05e2\u05b8\u05e0\u05b8\u05df&#34; (\u05d9\u05d8, \u05d8). \u05e9\u05d1 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e0\u05df&#10;\u05d5\u05de\u05e1\u05ea\u05d9\u05e8, \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05e4\u05dc, \u05e4\u05df \u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d2\u05d9\u05de\u05d4 \u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05de\u05d3\u05d9 \u05de\u05d7\u05dc\u05d1 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d9\u05d2\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05d9\u05e9\u05db\u05d7\u05d5 \u05db\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e0\u05e1 \u05de\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc\u05dd. \u05d1\u05bc\u05b7\u05d6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05e7&#10;\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05dc\u05d3\u05d1\u05bc\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d4\u05dc\u05d9\u05db\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4. <span>\u00a0<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"RTL\"><span>\u05d1\u05e8\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd&#10;\u05d5\u05e9\u05d5\u05e4\u05e8 \u05d5\u05e2\u05e9\u05df \u05d5\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc \u05d0\u05dc\u05d5\u05d4\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d4\u05e2\u05dd \u05de\u05e1\u05ea\u05d7\u05e8\u05e8, \u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05de\u05dd \u05d5\u05de\u05d1\u05d5\u05e2\u05ea \u05db\u05d0\u05d7\u05d3, \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e8\u05d2\u05e2 \u05d9\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05d2 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8, \u05d0\u05da&#10;\u05dc\u05d0 \u2013 \u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d1\u05d0 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8, \u05d4\u05de\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2 \u2013 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d4 \u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05ea \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e4\u05e8\u05d8\u05d9&#10;\u05d4\u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e9\u05d5\u05d1 \u05d9\u05e9 \u05d1\u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05d0\u05d7\u05d6, \u05d0\u05dc \u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05e4\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d1\u05d8 \u05d4\u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05d5\u05e8 \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05e8, \u05d4\u05dc\u05d5\u05d4\u05d8&#10;\u05de\u05d3\u05d9. <span>\u00a0<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"RTL\"><span>\u05e8\u05e7 \u05db\u05da,&#10;\u05db\u05e9\u05de\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d4\u05e7\u05e6\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e9\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05de\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e1\u05d3\u05e8\u05d4, \u05db\u05e9\u05d4\u05ea\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05d4 \u05de\u05ea\u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05ea \u2013 \u05de\u05e1\u05d5\u05d2\u05dc \u05d4\u05e2\u05dd \u05dc\u05d4\u05e6\u05d4\u05d9\u05e8 \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd.&#10;&#34;\u05e0\u05e2\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e0\u05e9\u05de\u05e2&#34; (\u05db\u05d3, \u05d6). <\/span><\/p><p dir=\"RTL\"><span>\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea&#10;\u05e0\u05db\u05e8\u05ea\u05d4. \u05d5\u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d0\u05dc \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e3 \u2013 \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05db\u05df. <\/span><\/p><p dir=\"RTL\"><span>\u05e1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5&#10;\u05e9\u05dc \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u2013 \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d5\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e2\u05dd \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05d2\u05dd \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d2\u05d1\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d0\u05e9\u05ea\u05d5 \u2013 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 &#34;\u05d5\u05bc\u05e8\u05b0\u05d0\u05b5\u05d4&#10;\u05d5\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05e9\u05c2\u05b5\u05d4 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05ea\u05b7\u05d1\u05b0\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05ea\u05b8\u05dd \u05d0\u05b2\u05e9\u05c1\u05b6\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b7\u05ea\u05bc\u05b8\u05d4 \u05de\u05b8\u05e8\u05b0\u05d0\u05b6\u05d4 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b8\u05d4\u05b8\u05e8&#34; (\u05db\u05d4, \u05de).<\/span> <span>\u05d6\u05d4\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05d1\u05d4\u05d9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d0\u05e4\u05dc. \u05d4\u05ea\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05ea \u05e0\u05d7\u05e9\u05e4\u05ea&#10;\u05e8\u05e7 &#34;\u05d1\u05d4\u05e8&#34;, \u05e8\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d3 \u05d4\u05de\u05e1\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05df \u05d4\u05d7\u05d9 \u05de\u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05d4. \u05db\u05d5\u05d7 \u05d4\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05e7 \u05de\u05df&#10;\u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05e1\u05d5\u05e3, \u05de\u05d4\u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05ea\u05de\u05d9\u05d3 \u05d9\u05d9\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05d1\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9 \u05de\u05e4\u05d5\u05e2\u05e0\u05d7. \u05d0\u05d5\u05d4\u05d1 \u05dc\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d9\u05de\u05e9\u05d9\u05da \u05dc\u05d7\u05e4\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d4\u05d5\u05d1\u05ea\u05d5&#10;\u05e1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05db\u05da \u05d2\u05dd \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05d9\u05df.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"RTL\"><span><br\/><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"RTL\"><span>\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05e1\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05df '\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd' \u05de\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05df.<\/span><\/p>","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"\u05ea\u05e0\u05d5\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d8\u05d5\u05d8\u05dc\u05ea","tile_main_caption_size":"","tile_sub_caption":"\u05db\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d4\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05de\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d5\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05de\u05d3\u05d9 \u05de\u05d1\u05d7\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d9\u05ea \u2013 \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05de\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d3\u05d7\u05e7","tile_preview_embedded":"","seo_seo_title":"929 \u2013 \u05ea\u05e0\u05da \u05d1\u05d9\u05d7\u05d3 | \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea  | \u05d9\u05e2\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e2\u05e0\u05d1\u05e8: \u05ea\u05e0\u05d5\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d8\u05d5\u05d8\u05dc\u05ea","seo_seo_description":"\u05e8\u05e6\u05e3\n\u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e6\u05b5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d8\u05d5\u05d8\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d8\u05dc\u05d8\u05dc\u05ea \u05ea\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \u05db\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9, \u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05e6\u05dd \u2013 \u05d2\u05dd\n\u05db\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05e0\u05e4\u05e9 \u05d9\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8\u05ea. \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05ea\u05d7\u05ea\u05d5\u05df ","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"\u05e8\u05e6\u05e3\n\u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d5\u05e6\u05b5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d7\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d8\u05d5\u05d8\u05dc\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d8\u05dc\u05d8\u05dc\u05ea \u05ea\u05de\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05ea \u05db\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9, \u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05e6\u05dd \u2013 \u05d2\u05dd\n\u05db\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05e4\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05dc \u05e0\u05e4\u05e9 \u05d9\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8\u05ea. \u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05ea\u05d7\u05ea\u05d5\u05df 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\u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8 \u05de\u05d5\u05ea\u05e0\u05b6\u05d4 (\u05de\u05e7\u05e8\u05d4 &gt; \u05d3\u05d9\u05df), \u05e9\u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5 \u05de\u05d4 \u05d9\u05e9\u05dc\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05d9\u05e7, \u05d4\u05d2\u05e0\u05d1 \u05d0\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e9\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d4\u05ea\u05e8\u05e9\u05dc \u05d1\u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea\u05d5, \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea, \u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05df \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05e8\u05d9 \u2013 \"\u05d5\u05d2\u05b5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05d5\u05b9\u05e0\u05b6\u05d4 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05b4\u05dc\u05d7\u05b8\u05e6\u05b6\u05e0\u05d5\u05bc, \u05db\u05d9 \u05d2\u05b5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05b1\u05d9\u05b4\u05d9\u05ea\u05b6\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05de\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd. \u05db\u05dc \u05d0\u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d5\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05e0\u05d5\u05bc\u05df\" (\u05db\u05d1, \u05db-\u05db\u05d0). \u05d0\u05d1\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05db\u05e4\u05d5\u05e4\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e2\u05e9\u05e8\u05ea \u05d4\u05d3\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea, \u05db\u05e4\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05d8 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d7\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05d7\u05dc\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d5\u05d1\u05e1\u05d5\u05e4\u05dd \u05d7\u05d5\u05d6\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d0\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05d7\u05dc\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd. \u05d2\u05dd \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9 \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e0\u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \"\u05d0\u05e0\u05b9\u05db\u05d9 \u05d4'... \u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05ea\u05d9\u05da... \u05de\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd\", \u05d5\u05d2\u05dd \u05d4\u05d7\u05d6\u05e8\u05d4 \u05dc\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05dc\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05e8 \u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05d7\u05ea \u05d1\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e9\u05d5\u05df, \u05d1\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05dc\u05d7\u05e5 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d5\u05e0\u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8, \u05d5\u05e2\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d4. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\u05d1\u05de\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05dd \u05de\u05ea\u05d7\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05e9\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05d8 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d5\u05e4\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e9\u05dd \"\u05d4\u05d0-\u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05dd\", \u05d0\u05dc \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc '\u05e9\u05d5\u05e4\u05d8 \u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5' \u05d1\u05db\u05d1\u05d5\u05d3\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d1\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05d5, \u05d5\u05db\u05d0\u05df \u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05e7 \u2013 \"\u05d0\u05dd \u05e2\u05b7\u05e0\u05b5\u05d4 \u05ea\u05b0\u05e2\u05b7\u05e0\u05b6\u05d4 \u05d0\u05b9\u05ea\u05d5, \u05db\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dd \u05e6\u05b8\u05e2\u05b9\u05e7 \u05d9\u05e6\u05e2\u05e7 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9, \u05e9\u05b8\u05de\u05b9\u05e2\u05b7 \u05d0\u05e9\u05de\u05e2 \u05e6\u05e2\u05e7\u05ea\u05d5; \u05d5\u05d7\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e8\u05d2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d0\u05ea\u05db\u05dd \u05d1\u05d7\u05e8\u05d1, \u05d5\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05db\u05dd \u05d0\u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05db\u05dd \u05d9\u05ea\u05b9\u05de\u05d9\u05dd\" (\u05db\u05d1, \u05db\u05d1-\u05db\u05d2) \u2013 \u05d0\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d1\u05d5\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dd \u05ea\u05d0\u05dc\u05e6\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4' \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1 \u05d5\u05dc\u05e9\u05e4\u05d5\u05d8!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d0\u05dc \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8 \u05d5\u05dc\u05e7\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8 \u05e6\u05d3\u05e7, \u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05e9 \u05de\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05db\u05d5\u05d7 \u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9-\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9. \u05d2\u05e8, \u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d4, \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d3\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd <\/span>\u2013<span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\u00a0\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05e9\u05d5\u05dd \u05db\u05d5\u05d7, \u05d5\u05d4\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8. \u05d1\u05d9\u05d9\u05d0\u05d5\u05e9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dd \u05d9\u05e6\u05e2\u05e7\u05d5 \u05d0\u05dc \u05d4', \"\u05d5\u05e9\u05de\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05db\u05d9 \u05d7\u05b7\u05e0\u05d5\u05bc\u05df \u05d0\u05e0\u05d9\" (\u05db\u05d1, \u05db\u05d5). \u05d7\u05d5\u05d1\u05ea\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea \u05dc\u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05e2 \u05e6\u05e2\u05e7\u05ea \u05d0\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd, \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05ea\u05e2\u05d5\u05e8\u05e8 \u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05e3 \u05d4', \u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d4. \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05d7 \u05d9\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d4' \u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05e9 \u05e9\u05e0\u05e9\u05de\u05e2 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d7\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e6\u05e2\u05e7\u05d4.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">(\u05d0\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8: \u05de\u05d9\u05db\u05dc \u05d1\u05df-\u05d7\u05de\u05d5)<\/span><\/p>","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"\u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d6\u05e2\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d0\u05ea \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e1","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"\u05d2\u05e8, \u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d4, \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d3\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u2013\u00a0\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05e9\u05d5\u05dd \u05db\u05d5\u05d7, \u05d5\u05d4\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8","tile_preview_embedded":"","seo_seo_title":"929 \u2013 \u05ea\u05e0\u05da \u05d1\u05d9\u05d7\u05d3 | \u05e9\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05d1 | \u05d9\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc \u05d1\u05df \u05e0\u05d5\u05df: \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d6\u05e2\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d0\u05ea \u05d0\u05e1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e4\u05e1\u05e4\u05e1","seo_seo_description":"\u05d1\u05d0\u05de\u05e6\u05e2 \u05d4\u05e4\u05e8\u05e7 \u05de\u05ea\u05d7\u05d5\u05dc\u05dc \u05de\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d3\u05e8\u05de\u05d8\u05d9 \u05de\u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e1\u05e8. \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8 \u05d4\u05e8\u05d2\u05d9\u05dc \u05d1\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8 \u05de\u05d5\u05ea\u05e0\u05b6\u05d4 (\u05de\u05e7\u05e8\u05d4 > \u05d3\u05d9\u05df), \u05e9\u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05d5 \u05de\u05d4 \u05d9\u05e9\u05dc\u05dd 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\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dc\u05e0\u05e1\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05ea\u05e7\u05d5\u05e4\u05d4 \u05de\u05d5\u05d2\u05d1\u05dc\u05ea. \u05d0\u05e3 \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05da \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d9\u05d9\u05da \u05dc\u05d0\u05e3 \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u2013 \u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05e0\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05dd \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05d3\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05d0\u05e9\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05e1\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d9\u05e9\u05d5\u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05d5.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\u05db\u05d1\u05df \u05dc\u05ea\u05e7\u05d5\u05de\u05ea\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e4\u05dc\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05e0\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05e2\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05de\u05d5\u05d6\u05e8. \u05d4\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d5\u05dc\u05e7\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05ea \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05dc\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8 \u05de\u05d4\u05ea\u05dc\u05d4\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea \u05e6\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea, \u05d5\u05d4\u05dd \u05d0\u05e4\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d6\u05db\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05dd \u05de\u05d7\u05d8\u05d9\u05e3 \u05e2\u05e9\u05e8 \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e4\u05e8\u05e2\u05d4 \u2013 \u05d4\u05d4\u05d9\u05e4\u05da, \u05d4\u05dd \u05d7\u05d8\u05e4\u05d5 \u05d7\u05ea\u05d9\u05db\u05ea \u05de\u05db\u05d4 \u05d1\u05dc\u05ea\u05d9 \u05e0\u05ea\u05e4\u05e1\u05ea \u05de\u05d4\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05e8 \u05d4\u05e0\u05d0\u05e6\u05d9, \u05d5\u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05dd \u05d4\u05e8\u05d9\u05de\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05e7\u05d9\u05de\u05d5 \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05ea\u05e4\u05d0\u05e8\u05ea \u2013 \u05e8\u05e7 \u05e2\u05db\u05e9\u05d9\u05d5 \u05db\u05e9\u05d0\u05e0\u05d7\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05de\u05dc\u05d0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d7\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05e8\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05e0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d7\u05d6\u05d9\u05e7 \u05d1\u05ea\u05e0\u05d0\u05d9 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e2\u05e8\u05da, \u05e4\u05d5\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05d6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05d9\u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e9\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8\u05e6\u05e4\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e8\u05d7\u05d5\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5, \u05db\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d5\u05e1 \u05d4\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc\u05d9 \u05de\u05d7\u05d6\u05d9\u05e7 \u05d1\u05db\u05d9\u05e1\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d3\u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05e0\u05dd, \u05d1\u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1 \u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05e6\u05d5\u05ea\u05d5 \u05d9\u05d7\u05d1\u05d9\u05d0.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e0\u05e2\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d9 \u05d0\u05d1\u05dc \u05d9\u05e9 \u05db\u05d0\u05df \u05d0\u05dc\u05de\u05e0\u05d8 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05d9 \u05d9\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05da \u2013 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05db\u05df \u05e9\u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05d9 \u05d9\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05da \u05ea\u05d4\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d5 \u05e1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05d0\u05d7\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e2\u05de\u05d5 \u05d5\u05e9\u05d5\u05dd \u05e1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd? \u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05e7\u05d5\u05de\u05b5\u05dd \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9. \u05d2\u05dd \u05dc\u05de\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05e2\u05e6\u05de\u05dd \u05d5\u05d0\u05e4\u05e1 \u05e1\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d3\u05e8\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc\u05d4\u05dd \u2013 \u05d0\u05d6 \u05d4\u05e4\u05db\u05e0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05de\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\u05d8\u05d5\u05d1, \u05e2\u05db\u05e9\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d6\u05d4, \u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8 \"\u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05d9 \u05d9\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05da\" \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05ea\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05d7\u05d1\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u2013 \u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d7\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1 \u05db\u05da \u2013 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d5\u05d9\u05d1 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea, \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05de\u05e0\u05e6\u05d9\u05d7 \u05d4\u05e4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05e9\u05d6\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d4 \u05ea\u05de\u05d9\u05d3 \u05d9\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9\u05d1 \u05dc\u05e9\u05dc\u05d5\u05d8 \u05de\u05d6\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc\u05de\u05d8\u05d4 \u2013 \u05d5\u05db\u05e9\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4\u05e4\u05da \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05d1, \u05d4\u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05e9\u05e2\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d3\u05e8\u05d2\u05ea \u05d0\u05d3\u05d5\u05df \u05d9\u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05da \u05dc\u05d0\u05d3\u05d5\u05df \u05d0\u05d8\u05d5\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0 \u05e4\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d0\u05e3 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05de\u05d0\u05d3\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5 \u05dc\u05e9\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\u05d0\u05e0\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05e7\u05d1\u05dc \u05d0\u05ea \u05d6\u05d4 \u2013 \u05d6\u05d4 \u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05d2\u05d3 \u05dc\u05e2\u05e6\u05dd \u05de\u05d4\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9 \u2013 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d9 \u05de\u05d0\u05de\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05db\u05dc \u05dc\u05d1\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d4\u05d6\u05de\u05df \u05dc\u05d4\u05d7\u05dc\u05d9\u05e3 \u05de\u05e9\u05de\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d1\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d5 \u05db\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d9\u05d5 \u05d0\u05d3\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4 \u05e7\u05e6\u05ea \u05e9\u05de\u05e0\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d4\u05e1\u05ea\u05d0\u05d1\u05d5 \u05d5\u05d8\u05d7\u05d5 \u05e2\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05de\u05dc\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d1\u05d0\u05d5 \u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d7\u05e8 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8, \u05d0\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d0\u05de\u05e0\u05dd \u05de\u05e6\u05d3\u05d9\u05e2 \u05dc\u05de\u05e7\u05d9\u05de\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05d0\u05da \u05d0\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d7\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1 \u05e9\u05e6\u05d0\u05e6\u05d0\u05d9\u05d4\u05dd \u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05d5\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8 \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05e4\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8 \u05d5\u05dc\u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d8\u05d9\u05e4\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e1\u05e4\u05e1\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05de\u05d0\u05d7\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d5\u05dc\u05ea\u05ea \u05d4\u05d6\u05d3\u05de\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05d0\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05d0\u05d9\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05db\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5\u05df \u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e7\u05d1\u05e2 \u05d1\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d8\u05d5\u05e2\u05d4 \u05d1\u05de\u05e8\u05d7\u05d1 \u05d4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05dc \u2013 \u05dc\u05d3\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d1\u05e2\u05d9\u05e7\u05e8 \u05de\u05ea\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e2\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d6\u05e8\u05d7 \u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e2\u05e6\u05d1 \u05de\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d6\u05d4, \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d9\u05ea\u05e4\u05e7\u05d3 \u05db\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05e1\u05d5\u05d1\u05dc\u05e0\u05d9, \u05de\u05db\u05d9\u05dc \u05d5\u05d7\u05dd \u05d2\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0\u05e9\u05db\u05e0\u05d6\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d2\u05dd \u05dc\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u2013 \"\u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05db\u05d9 \u05d9\u05de\u05dc\u05d5\u05da\" \u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05d8\u05d8 \u05d0\u05ea \u05db\u05dc \u05d4\u05e1\u05d5\u05e4\u05dc\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e8\u05e2\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05d9. \u05d6\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e6\u05e2\u05e8\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d0\u05dd \u05d7\u05dc\u05d5\u05de\u05d9 \u05d9\u05ea\u05d2\u05e9\u05dd, \u05d9\u05de\u05e9\u05d9\u05da \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05d5\u05dc \u05dc\u05d4\u05ea\u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05e8\u05e7 \u05e9\u05d4\u05e4\u05e2\u05dd \u05d4\u05e9\u05d5\u05d8 \u05d9\u05d5\u05e4\u05e0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d3\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05e9\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8 \u2013 \u05e1\u05d9\u05d5\u05d8.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\u05d5\u05d5\u05d0\u05dc\u05dc\u05d4, \u05d0\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05da \u05dc\u05e7\u05d7\u05ea \u05e9\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d2\u05dc\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \"\u05d4\u05d9\u05d6\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5 \u05d1\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9 \u05e2\u05e0\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05d9 \u05de\u05d4\u05dd \u05ea\u05e6\u05d0 \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4\" \u05db\u05d3\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05e8\u05d2\u05e2.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent;\">\u05e4\u05ea\u05d0\u05d5\u05dd \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d9 \u05de\u05d7\u05e9\u05d1\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e4\u05ea, \u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d5\u05d4\u05d9\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05ea\u05df \u05d7\u05d5\u05e7\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05e6\u05d1\u05dd \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd, \u05d5\u05de\u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05d7\u05e1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d2\u05dd \u05dc\u05de\u05e6\u05d1 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d1\u05d3 \u05d4\u05db\u05e0\u05e2\u05e0\u05d9, \u05db\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dd \u05e8\u05d5\u05e6\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05e9\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05e1\u05d3\u05e8 \u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05d5\u05ea \u2013 \u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05da \u05dc\u05e2\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea \u05de\u05de\u05e9 \u05dc\u05d0\u05d8 \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d1\u05d7\u05d4 \u05d0\u05d7\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05de\u05e1\u05e7\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e0\u05d7\u05e8\u05e6\u05ea, \u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d5\u05d4\u05d9\u05dd 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\u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e8\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_preview_video":"","tile_credits":"","old_url":"http:\/\/www.929.org.il\/page\/74\/post\/2051","alternate_tile_top_caption":"\u05e4\u05e8\u05e7 \u05db\u05d3","alternate_tile_main_caption":"\u05de\u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05e1\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e8 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He is Professor Emeritus at Brandeis University, where he occupied the Philip W. Lown Professorship of Jewish Thought, and is the author, editor, and translator of over twenty books.","short_description":"Prof. Rabbi Arthur Green was the founding dean and is currently rector of the Rabbinical School at Hebrew College in Newton, MA. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":104977,"alt":"","title":"-628614a51cee4--628614a51cee6green, arthur.jpg","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/05\/628614a51cee4-628614a51cee6green-arthur.jpg.jpg","width":200,"height":301,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/05\/628614a51cee4-628614a51cee6green-arthur.jpg-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/05\/628614a51cee4-628614a51cee6green-arthur.jpg-199x300.jpg","medium-width":199,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/05\/628614a51cee4-628614a51cee6green-arthur.jpg.jpg","medium_large-width":200,"medium_large-height":301,"large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/05\/628614a51cee4-628614a51cee6green-arthur.jpg.jpg","large-width":200,"large-height":301,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/05\/628614a51cee4-628614a51cee6green-arthur.jpg.jpg","1536x1536-width":200,"1536x1536-height":301,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/05\/628614a51cee4-628614a51cee6green-arthur.jpg.jpg","2048x2048-width":200,"2048x2048-height":301,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/05\/628614a51cee4-628614a51cee6green-arthur.jpg.jpg","post_full_size-width":200,"post_full_size-height":301,"home_baner":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2022\/05\/628614a51cee4-628614a51cee6green-arthur.jpg.jpg","home_baner-width":200,"home_baner-height":301}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"1015","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Our call to treat our particular land this way is paradigmatic, teaching reverence for the earth as a whole.\u00a0 Torah has no more important lesson for our generation.\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"<p>Behar*: To Dwell Within Them<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u05f4\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05dc\u05da \u05e4\u05e8\u05e9\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05d4 \u05ea\u05d7\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05dc\u05d0 \u05e9\u05d0\u05d9\u05df \u05d1\u05e0\u05d5 \u05db\u05d7 \u05dc\u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05e9\u05f4\u00a0 (\u05e1\u05e4\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d6\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05e9\u05f4\u05d5)<\/p>\r\n<p>There is no portion in the Torah that cannot be brought back to life, if only we had the strength to interpret!\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sefaria.org\/Sifrei_Devarim.306.35?ven=Sifrei_by_Rabbi_Shraga_Silverstein&amp;vhe=Sifrei_Devarim,_Hebrew&amp;lang=bi\">Sifrei, Ha\u2019azinu 306:35<\/a>)<\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u05d5\u05d9\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 \u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05f4\u05d4 \u05d0\u05dc \u05de\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d4\u05e8 \u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d0\u05de\u05d5\u05e8...\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05dc\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05f4\u05d4\u00a0 \u201cY-H-W-H spoke to Moses at Mount Sinai, saying\u2026the land shall rest in a godly Sabbath (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sefaria.org\/Leviticus.25.1?ven=The_Contemporary_Torah,_Jewish_Publication_Society,_2006&amp;vhe=Miqra_according_to_the_Masorah&amp;lang=bi&amp;aliyot=0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25:1-2)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Rashi famously opens by asking: \u201cWhat does the Sabbatical have to do with Sinai?\u201d Why, among all the many commandments, should this be specifically designated as spoken at the Mountain?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Talmud (b.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sefaria.org\/Sanhedrin.39a.13?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&amp;vhe=Wikisource_Talmud_Bavli&amp;lang=bi\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sanh. 39a<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) explains the commandment this way:\u00a0 \u201cPlant for six years and rest in the seventh, so that you will know that the land belongs to Y-H-W-H.\u201d\u00a0 But, in the broadest sense, that is the purpose of all the other commandments as well! The earth is filled with God\u2019s presence since its creation. That did not begin at Sinai. Torah was given to provide us with a way to discover that presence, and a path of living in response to it.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe world was created by ten divine utterances,\u201d says the Mishnah (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sefaria.org\/Pirkei_Avot.5.1?ven=Mishnah_Yomit_by_Dr._Joshua_Kulp&amp;vhe=Torat_Emet_357&amp;lang=bi\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avot 5:1<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). These <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>ma\u2019amarot<\/em> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are the ten times God says \u201cLet there be\u201d in the opening chapter of Genesis<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 (There are only nine, but the word <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bereshit<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> itself is counted as the first). These utterances live forever; they are the underlying structure of reality, waiting to be discovered.\u00a0 They are present <\/span><em><b>in the earth<\/b><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as they are in the heavens.\u00a0 At Sinai they are repeated in the form of the ten <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dibrot<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (we call them \u201ccommandments,\u201d but <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dibrot<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is really another way of saying \u201cutterances\u201d).\u00a0 These constitute a set of keys for revealing a presence that is already there.\u00a0 They do this by converting the passive sense of presence into a set of imperatives. \u201cFollowing this path will lead you to a life in which God\u2019s presence is revealed.\u201d\u00a0 Revealed right where you are, living on earth.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Sabbatical rule takes Shabbat, the most distinctive practice of Jewish living, and applies it to the land itself.\u00a0 What better way to teach that \u201cthe whole <\/span><em><b>earth<\/b><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is filled with God\u2019s glory?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is true that the Torah applies the Sabbatical only to the particular land that Israel is about to be given.\u00a0 But the word <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>ha-arets<\/em> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">makes no distinction.\u00a0 The prophet\u2019s proclamation of God\u2019s glory, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>melo khol ha-arets kevodo<\/em> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Is. 6), does not refer only to the Land of Israel.\u00a0 Neither does the psalmist\u2019s \u201cEarth (<\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ha-arets<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) and its fullness are God\u2019s (24:1).\u201d\u00a0 Our call to treat our particular land this way is paradigmatic, teaching reverence for the earth as a whole.\u00a0 The Land of Israel, the <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sefat Emet<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> teaches, became an exception to the category of lands in order to teach us about the holiness of all land, of the very soil itself.\u00a0 Torah has no more important lesson for our generation.\u00a0 We need to understand that this one comes from Sinai itself.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u05d5\u05d4\u05d9\u05ea\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05dc\u05db\u05dd \u05dc\u05d0\u05db\u05dc\u05d4 \u05dc\u05da \u05dc\u05e2\u05d1\u05d3\u05da \u05d5\u05dc\u05d0\u05de\u05ea\u05da \u05d5\u05dc\u05e9\u05db\u05d9\u05e8\u05da \u05d5\u05dc\u05ea\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1\u05da \u05d4\u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05e2\u05de\u05da \u201cThe land\u2019s Sabbath, during which you do not eat of it, includes you, your manservant, your maidservant, your hireling, and the stranger who dwells with you.\u00a0 It shall be fodder for your cattle and the wild animals who are in your land (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sefaria.org\/Leviticus.25.6-7?ven=The_Contemporary_Torah,_Jewish_Publication_Society,_2006&amp;vhe=Miqra_according_to_the_Masorah&amp;lang=bi&amp;aliyot=0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25:6-7<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).\u201d\u00a0 This very thorough listing means that the land is to be free from any human manipulation, by Israelites or anyone else who is in their charge.\u00a0 It is to revert to its truly natural state, as it was before it was transformed by humans living upon it.\u00a0 One has a feeling that the land itself here is personified.\u00a0 It too has a <\/span><em><b>right<\/b><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to rest.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The modern return of Jews to the Land of Israel brought about a need to evade the laws of the sabbatical year.\u00a0 It is claimed that a contemporary economy could not survive such periods of abstinence.\u00a0 Various halakhic solutions are offered to enable this negation of the Torah\u2019s command; only the most strictly pious continue to attempt to observe it.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But what <\/span><b><i>should<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> be kept in the spirit of <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">shemitah<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">?\u00a0 A great seventh year dedication to preserving the resources of the earth seems to cry out for fulfillment. \u00a0 We should find a way to extend this beyond the borders of the Land of Israel as well.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u05d5\u05e7\u05d3\u05e9\u05ea\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05e9\u05e0\u05ea \u05d4\u05d7\u05de\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05e9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05d5\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0\u05ea\u05dd \u05d3\u05e8\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d1\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05dc\u05db\u05dc \u05d9\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05d4 \u201cMake the fiftieth year holy and proclaim freedom in the land for all who dwell upon it (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sefaria.org\/Leviticus.25?ven=The_Contemporary_Torah,_Jewish_Publication_Society,_2006&amp;vhe=Miqra_according_to_the_Masorah&amp;lang=bi&amp;aliyot=0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25:10<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).\u201d\u00a0 The jubilee is total, embracing everyone: Israelites, male and female; slaves, Israelite and foreign; strangers, sojourners \u2013 everyone.\u00a0 Whom might we include today?\u00a0 Illegal immigrants?\u00a0 Prisoners?\u00a0 Victims of domestic abuse?\u00a0 Victims of cults?\u00a0 Victims of internal enslavement, including addictions?\u00a0 Where does \u201call those who dwell upon it\u201d end?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><b><i>Nowhere<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d is the answer.\u00a0 The jubilee is a call for radical liberation, for all who dwell upon the earth.\u00a0 We cannot and will not fully enact it in our world.\u00a0 But the loud <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">shofar <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">blast that calls for it should ever be ringing in our ears.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But it is such a liberation for <\/span><em><b>you<\/b><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as well.\u00a0 The sabbatical returns the earth to Y-H-W-H; the jubilee calls for a return of the <\/span><b><em>self<\/em> <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to its Source.\u00a0 That is the harder task.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u05d5\u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05de\u05db\u05e8 \u05dc\u05e6\u05de\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05db\u05d9 \u05d2\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05ea\u05d5\u05e9\u05d1\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea\u05dd \u05e2\u05de\u05d3\u05d9 \u201cLand shall not be permanently sold, because the land is Mine; you are strangers and\u00a0 sojourners with Me (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sefaria.org\/Leviticus.25.23?ven=The_Contemporary_Torah,_Jewish_Publication_Society,_2006&amp;vhe=Miqra_according_to_the_Masorah&amp;lang=bi&amp;with=all&amp;lang2=en\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25:23<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A good reminder, just as written.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the second half of the verse, a favorite Hasidic teaching (completely out of context, of course) by the Ba\u2018al Shem Tov\u2019s grandson:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cFor you are strangers and sojourners \u2013 with Me.\u201d\u00a0 I once heard from a wise person a comment on \u201cI am a stranger on the earth; do not hide Your command from me (Ps. 119:19).\u201d\u00a0 We know how things are.\u00a0 The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>ger<\/em> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(he is understanding the word both as \u201cconvert\u201d and \u201cstranger\u201d) really has no one to attach himself or to be close to, telling them everything going on in his heart.\u00a0 He has no [true] friend, neither Jew nor Gentile. But when he meets another <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ger<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, each of them tells the other everything, all that is happening.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We know that the blessed Holy One is like a <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ger<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in this world, with no place for His glorious presence to dwell, since there are so few [who really know how to call Him forth].\u00a0 This is what King David meant by praying \u201cI am a stranger on the earth.\u201d\u00a0 \u201cI too,\u201d he is saying, \u201cdo not want to dwell on this earth; I am only a stranger here.\u201d\u00a0 Therefore \u201cDo not hide Your command from me\u201d -\u00a0 like one <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ger<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> finds another and tells him everything that is in his heart.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the hidden meaning of \u201cYou are strangers and sojourners \u2013 with Me.\u201d\u00a0 When you are like strangers in this world and sojourners (read as: \u201cresidents\u201d) of the coming world, you are \u201cwith Me.\u201d\u00a0 I too am a stranger in this world, so surely I will not \u201chide My command\u201d from you.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is much to be said on this text.\u00a0 Its empathy \u2013 here depicted as God\u2019s empathy \u2013 with the convert\u2019s situation is truly remarkable.\u00a0 But so too is his reading of the psalmist\u2019s confession of his lonely path \u2013 only to discover the God who is a fellow stranger.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u201cFor any land to which you become attached, bring redemption to that land (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sefaria.org\/Leviticus.25.24?ven=The_Contemporary_Torah,_Jewish_Publication_Society,_2006&amp;vhe=Miqra_according_to_the_Masorah&amp;lang=bi&amp;with=all&amp;lang2=en\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25:24<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The word <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ge\u2019ulah<\/span><\/em><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u201credemption,\u201d has strong spiritual echoes.\u00a0 It is most associated with God\u2019s redemption of Israel from Egypt and the future redemption of the world.\u00a0 The idea of redeeming the land is therefore very striking.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The current Zionist appropriation of this verse makes it difficult to read it in any other way.\u00a0 The Jewish National Fund and others have long used it as a slogan to refer to getting ever more of the Land of Israel subject to Jewish ownership (or ownership by the State of Israel), \u201credeeming\u201d it from the hands of others.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But this cannot be all that it means.\u00a0 Ever since <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lekh lekha<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> we have seen Hasidic readings of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>erets<\/em> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as referring to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">artsiyyut<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, material possessions, \u201cearthly\u201d things. \u00a0 Thus our verse can be read to say: \u201c<\/span><em><b>Any attachment we have to the corporeal realm has to be for the sake of redemption<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That is the Torah\u2019s story as we understand it.\u00a0 We were sent down into Egypt, given an <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ahuzah<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in its richest soil, the Land of Goshen, (think of Westchester or Beverly Hills), in order to uplift and redeem sparks of holiness that were trapped there.\u00a0 Those were the shiny vessels we \u201cborrowed\u201d from the Egyptians as we were leaving.\u00a0 We were sent into exile throughout the world for the same purpose.\u00a0 There is a reason why the root <\/span><em>g-l-h<\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> means both \u201cexile\u201d and \u201creveal.\u201d\u00a0 The great miracle of the Return to Zion has to mean the same thing, bringing true redemption to that holy place.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here I am sympathetic to the views of Rav Kook.\u00a0 The return of the Jewish people to the land, to the body, and to history has been a necessary and positive step.\u00a0 I would like to believe that this whole process may indeed be, as his followers said, <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reshit tsemihat ge\u2019ulateu<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <em>\u201c<\/em><\/span><em><b>the beginning of the redemption that we will bring about.\u201d\u00a0 <\/b><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That redemption will indeed require <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tsemihah<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; it will have to grow out of the land, the way we learn to treat it and all those who live upon it.\u00a0 That includes the way we learn to share it with others who live upon it. So far, signs of that \u201credemption\u201d are pretty slow in revealing themselves.\u00a0 There is much reason for disappointment.\u00a0 But \u201ceven if they delay, we will wait\u201d for them.\u00a0 We have not given up. \u00a0 \u201cNever despair! Says Rabbi Nahman.\u00a0 We can\u2019t afford to.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>*<em>This is the Torah reading for Diaspora communities. Israeli and Diaspora communities will become \"synced\" again at Parashat Devarim.<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p><em>This year is the shmita year: Shmita means a sabbatical year for the Earth but also for ourselves, our communities, and our world. Each week we continue to share thoughts on how the weekly parsha can help guide our thinking around shmita themes of work and rest, wealth and debt, responsible land use, fair labor practices, private and public property ownership, and physical and spiritual revitalization.<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hazon.org\/shmita-project\/hazon-shmita-blog\/\">See here for more information on the Hazon Shmita project, and its blogs.<\/a><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":81608,"alt":"","title":"shmita","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","width":711,"height":708,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","medium_large-width":711,"medium_large-height":708,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","large-width":711,"large-height":708,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","1536x1536-width":711,"1536x1536-height":708,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","2048x2048-width":711,"2048x2048-height":708,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","post_full_size-width":711,"post_full_size-height":708,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita-422x420.jpg","home_baner-width":422,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"A Weekly Series: The \"Shmitah Parasha\" Blog","tile_main_caption":"Behar*: To Dwell Within Them","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"in conjunction with Hazon.org","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":81608,"alt":"","title":"shmita","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","width":711,"height":708,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","medium_large-width":711,"medium_large-height":708,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","large-width":711,"large-height":708,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","1536x1536-width":711,"1536x1536-height":708,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","2048x2048-width":711,"2048x2048-height":708,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita.jpg","post_full_size-width":711,"post_full_size-height":708,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/shmita-422x420.jpg","home_baner-width":422,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Exodus","chapter":false,"chapter_main_number":false,"date":false,"wall_id":"1015"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"368","name":"Parasha","old_id":"768"},{"term_id":"494","name":"Shmita","old_id":"894"},{"term_id":"675","name":"Hasidut","old_id":"1075"}]},{"order":2,"id":"42343","color":"#f2e9df","size":"1","name":"Preventing Wrongdoing: Collective and Individual Responsibility       ","post_title":"Preventing Wrongdoing: Collective And Individual Responsibility","slug":"preventing-wrongdoing-collective-and-individual-responsibility","old_id":"42343","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":41034,"post_title":"Shayna Golkow","slug":"shayna-golkow","old_id":"41034","first_name":"Shayna ","last_name":"Golkow ","description":"Shayna Golkow is a fifth-year rabbinical student at JTS and the rabbinic intern at Park Avenue Synagogue.","short_description":"Shayna Golkow is a fifth-year rabbinical student at JTS and the rabbinic intern at Park Avenue Synagogue.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":41035,"alt":"","title":"Senior Portrait 2014","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/shayna-golkow-e1538022557964.jpg","width":237,"height":264,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/shayna-golkow-e1538022557964-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/shayna-golkow-240x300.jpg","medium-width":240,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/shayna-golkow-e1538022557964.jpg","medium_large-width":237,"medium_large-height":264,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/shayna-golkow-e1538022557964.jpg","large-width":237,"large-height":264,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/shayna-golkow-e1538022557964.jpg","1536x1536-width":237,"1536x1536-height":264,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/shayna-golkow-e1538022557964.jpg","2048x2048-width":237,"2048x2048-height":264,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/shayna-golkow-e1538022557964.jpg","post_full_size-width":237,"post_full_size-height":264,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/shayna-golkow-e1538022557964.jpg","home_baner-width":237,"home_baner-height":264}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"72","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"When we stand idly by, we are culpable","post_main_content_content":"<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cYou shall not mistreat any widow or orphan. If you do mistreat them, for if they cry out at all to Me, I will surely hear their cry. My wrath shall burn, and I will kill you with the sword, and your wives shall be widows and your children orphans.\u201d (vv. 21-23)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This famous declaration teaches us a central Jewish value: respect for all people, including the most vulnerable. While the verse only mentions widows and orphans by name, we can expand the category to all people who may need extra care and gentleness.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the original Hebrew, this passage contains a bit of a grammatical oddity. The first verse, \u201cyou shall not mistreat,\u201d uses \u201cyou\u201d in the plural; the second, \u201cif you do mistreat them,\u201d uses \u201cyou\u201d in the singular; the third, \u201cI will kill you,\u201d returns to \u201cyou\u201d in the plural. Ibn Ezra, a medieval Biblical commentator, writes that the grammar in these three verses teaches us about collective responsibility. If I see someone mistreating a widow, orphan, or other vulnerable person, and I do nothing to stop it, I myself am counted as one who mistreated the person. The final verse, containing the punishment, is written in the plural, because even if one person mistreats a vulnerable person, all who did not intervene are guilty and deserving of punishment.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we walk through the world, we are often witnesses to unjust interactions between people, and it can be difficult to stand up and demand justice. We can easily think to ourselves that stopping the mistreatment is someone else\u2019s responsibility, or that we do not have the authority to step in. We must challenge ourselves, however, to keep Ibn Ezra\u2019s teaching in mind: when we are bystanders, we are culpable.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":68375,"alt":"","title":"is57-help","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help.jpg","width":1920,"height":1440,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help-300x225.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":225,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help-768x576.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":576,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help-1024x768.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":768,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1152,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1440,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help-1200x900.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":900,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help-560x420.jpg","home_baner-width":560,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Preventing Wrongdoing: Collective And Individual Responsibility","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"When we stand idly by, we are culpable","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":68375,"alt":"","title":"is57-help","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help.jpg","width":1920,"height":1440,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help-300x225.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":225,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help-768x576.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":576,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help-1024x768.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":768,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1152,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1440,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help-1200x900.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":900,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/is57-help-560x420.jpg","home_baner-width":560,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","links":false,"send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Exodus","chapter":"22","chapter_main_number":"72","date":"20251208","wall_id":"72"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"366","name":"Commentators","old_id":"766"},{"term_id":"412","name":"Responsibility","old_id":"812"}]},{"order":3,"id":"42341","color":"#e0e9ef","size":"1","name":"A Mandate To Champion The Cause Of The Powerless       ","post_title":"A Mandate To Champion The Cause Of The Powerless","slug":"a-mandate-to-champion-the-cause-of-the-powerless","old_id":"42341","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":37918,"post_title":"Shai Held","slug":"shai-held","old_id":"37918","first_name":" Shai ","last_name":"Held","description":"Rabbi Shai Held, theologian, scholar, and educator, is President, Dean, and Chair in Jewish Thought at Hadar, where he also directs the Center for Jewish Leadership and Ideas.  A 2011 recipient of the prestigious Covenant Award for excellence in Jewish education, Rabbi Held has been named multiple times to Newsweek\u2019s list of the 50 most influential rabbis in America.  He holds a doctorate in religion from Harvard; Rabbi Held's first book, Abraham Joshua Heschel: The Call of Transcendence, was published by Indiana University Press in 2013; The Heart of Torah, a collection of essays on the Torah in two volumes, was published by JPS in 2017.","short_description":"Rabbi Shai Held is President, Dean, and Chair in Jewish Thought at Hadar,","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":37919,"alt":"","title":"shai held","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/shai-held.jpg","width":150,"height":186,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/shai-held-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/shai-held.jpg","medium-width":150,"medium-height":186,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/shai-held.jpg","medium_large-width":150,"medium_large-height":186,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/shai-held.jpg","large-width":150,"large-height":186,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/shai-held.jpg","1536x1536-width":150,"1536x1536-height":186,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/shai-held.jpg","2048x2048-width":150,"2048x2048-height":186,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/shai-held.jpg","post_full_size-width":150,"post_full_size-height":186,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/shai-held.jpg","home_baner-width":150,"home_baner-height":186}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"72","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"To listen when others will not; to see even when others look away","post_main_content_content":"<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cYou shall not oppress any widow (<\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">almanah<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) or orphan\u201d (Exodus 22:21). By widow, we mean a woman whose husband has died, but in the ancient world, the primary issue is not whether a woman\u2019s husband has died but whether there are any male relatives to be responsible for her after his passing. \u201cOrdinarily,\u201d Bible scholar Paula Hiebert notes, \u201cthe widow\u2019s maintenance would have been the responsibility of either her sons of her father-in-law. When these male persons were nonexistent, then the widow... became an <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">almanah<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are we to make of these verses today, when, in some parts of the world at least, women are (blessedly) no longer as vulnerable and helpless when their spouses die?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sometimes biblical laws are meant to be illustrative rather than exhaustive. R. Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907-1972) writes that \u201cthe prophets... tried to teach us how to think in the categories of God: His holiness, justice and compassion. The appropriation of these categories, far from exempting us from the obligation to gain new insights in our own time, is a challenge to look for ways of translating biblical commandments into programs required by our own conditions\u201d (God in Search of Man: A Philosophy of Judaism (1955), p. 273).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heschel understands Biblical laws not as concrete norms but paradigms; invitations to \u201ceach generation to develop contemporary commitments that apply the eternal essence of the laws to particular times.\u201d For example, a modern reader who learns of the biblical requirement to build a parapet around one\u2019s roof (Deuteronomy 22:8) will discern from the concrete norm that the Torah is concerned with a broader commitment to public safety.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Similarly, one who reads of God\u2019s (com)passionate concern for the plight of widows and orphans should perceive in the Torah\u2019s words a broader mandate to champion the cause of the vulnerable and powerless\u2014whoever they may be in a particular society.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To refuse to read biblical norms as paradigms is to destine significant swaths of the Torah to irrelevance. If there are no longer <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>almanot<\/em> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the biblical sense, after all, then the Torah\u2019s words may be beautiful but they are also inconsequential. If we do not read such norms as paradigms, in other words, we run the very real risk of domesticating the Torah by admiring it even as we rob it of its normative force.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To be a religious person is, in part, to follow God\u2019s example: To listen even when others will not, and to see even when others look away.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":104848,"alt":"","title":"-62810433df4f2--62810433df4f4ex22-helpless powerless poor beggar.jpg","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/10\/62810433df4f2-62810433df4f4ex22-helpless-powerless-poor-beggar.jpg.jpg","width":1920,"height":1143,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/10\/62810433df4f2-62810433df4f4ex22-helpless-powerless-poor-beggar.jpg-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/10\/62810433df4f2-62810433df4f4ex22-helpless-powerless-poor-beggar.jpg-300x179.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":179,"medium_large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/10\/62810433df4f2-62810433df4f4ex22-helpless-powerless-poor-beggar.jpg-768x457.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":457,"large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/10\/62810433df4f2-62810433df4f4ex22-helpless-powerless-poor-beggar.jpg-1024x610.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":610,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/10\/62810433df4f2-62810433df4f4ex22-helpless-powerless-poor-beggar.jpg.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":914,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/10\/62810433df4f2-62810433df4f4ex22-helpless-powerless-poor-beggar.jpg.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1143,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/10\/62810433df4f2-62810433df4f4ex22-helpless-powerless-poor-beggar.jpg-1200x714.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":714,"home_baner":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/10\/62810433df4f2-62810433df4f4ex22-helpless-powerless-poor-beggar.jpg-706x420.jpg","home_baner-width":706,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"A Mandate To Champion The Cause Of The Powerless","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"To listen when others will not; 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Rabbi Sacks passed away on 7th November 2020, aged 72. He was one of the greatest Jewish thinkers of the 20th century, who bridged the religious and secular world through his ground-breaking canon of work.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"short_description":"Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks z\"k (1948-2020) was the former Chief Rabbi of the Commonwealth, and the International 929 president.","link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":36222,"alt":"","title":"JSacks","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-e1532858712594.jpg","width":437,"height":548,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-e1532858712594-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-e1532858712594-239x300.jpg","medium-width":239,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-768x448.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":448,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-1024x597.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":597,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-e1532858712594.jpg","1536x1536-width":437,"1536x1536-height":548,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-e1532858712594.jpg","2048x2048-width":437,"2048x2048-height":548,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-e1532858712594.jpg","post_full_size-width":437,"post_full_size-height":548,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/JSacks-e1532858712594-335x420.jpg","home_baner-width":335,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"72","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Those who forget what it feels like to be a stranger, eventually come to oppress strangers. If the children of Abraham oppress strangers, why did I make them My covenantal partners?","post_main_content_content":"<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Morality, in Jonathan Haidt\u2019s phrase, binds and blinds. It binds us to others in a bond of reciprocal altruism. But it also blinds us to the humanity of those who stand outside that bond. It unites and divides. It divides because it unites. Morality turns the \u201cI\u201d of self interest into the \u201cWe\u201d of the common good. But the very act of creating an \u201cUs\u201d simultaneously creates a \u201cThem,\u201d the people not like us. Even the most universalistic of religions, founded on principles of love and compassion, have often seen those outside the faith as Satan, the infidel, the antichrist, the child of darkness, the unredeemed. They have committed unspeakable acts of brutality in the name of God.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two sentences blaze through today\u2019s chapter like the sun emerging from behind thick clouds:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You must not mistreat or oppress the stranger in any way. Remember, you yourselves were once strangers in the land of Egypt. (Ex. 22: 21)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You must not oppress strangers. You know what it feels like to be a stranger, for you yourselves were once strangers in the land of Egypt. (Ex. 23: 9)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The great crimes of humanity have been committed against the stranger, the outsider, the one-not-like-us. Recognising the humanity of the stranger has been the historic weak point in most cultures. The Greeks saw non-Greeks as barbarians. Germans called Jews vermin, lice, a cancer in the body of the nation. In Rwanda, Hutus called Tutsis inyenzi, cockroaches.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dehumanize the other and all the moral forces in the world will not save us from evil. Knowledge is silenced, emotion anaesthetized and reason perverted. The Nazis convinced themselves (and others) that in exterminating the Jews they were performing a moral service for the Aryan race. Suicide bombers are convinced that they are acting for the greater glory of God. There is such a thing as altruistic evil.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Note that these commands are given shortly after the Exodus. Implicit in them is a very radical idea indeed. Care for the stranger is why the Israelites had to experience exile and slavery before they could enter the Promised Land and build their own society and state. You will not succeed in caring for the stranger, implies God, until you yourselves know in your very bones and sinews what it feels like to be a stranger. And lest you forget, I have already commanded you to remind yourselves and your children of the taste of affliction and bitterness every year on Pesach. Those who forget what it feels like to be a stranger, eventually come to oppress strangers, and if the children of Abraham oppress strangers, why did I make them My covenantal partners?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Healing the Heart of Darkness, Covenant &amp; Conversation, Mishpatim <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(5775)<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Recognizing The Humanity of the Stranger","tile_main_caption":"Those who forget what it feels like to be a stranger, eventually come to oppress strangers. 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The founder of Fast for Feast, he lives in Denver, Colorado with his wife Sarah and their four children. He used to work for 929 North America.\r\n","short_description":"Rabbi Marc Gitler, founder of Fast for Feast, lives in Denver, Colorado with his wife Sarah and their four children. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34236,"alt":"","title":"Marc Gitler","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler.jpg","width":407,"height":407,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler.jpg","medium_large-width":407,"medium_large-height":407,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler.jpg","large-width":407,"large-height":407,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler.jpg","1536x1536-width":407,"1536x1536-height":407,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler.jpg","2048x2048-width":407,"2048x2048-height":407,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler.jpg","post_full_size-width":407,"post_full_size-height":407,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Marc-Gitler.jpg","home_baner-width":407,"home_baner-height":407}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"71","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Different Jewish takes on slavery in 19th century America","post_main_content_content":"<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some Biblical rules like slavery don\u2019t stand the test of time, thus it is no surprise that many rabbinic sermons also fail.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On Friday January 4th 1861, Rabbi Morris Raphall ascended his pulpit in the second oldest synagogue in New York, B\u2019nai Jeshurun. Just days earlier President James Buchanan had proclaimed the day as one of \u201chumiliation, fasting, and prayer,\u201d because the country was \u201cthreatened with alarming and immediate danger,\u201d due to slavery. Buchanan implored Americans \u201cwith deep contrition and penitent sorrow, [to] unite in humbling ourselves before the Most High, in confessing our individual and national sins,\u201d Raphall disagreed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a lengthy sermon, later published in a forty plus page pamphlet, Raphall argued that slavery has existed since earliest times, and is \u201can integral part of the social structure.\u201d Not only is it not a sin, but \u201cslave property is expressly placed under the protection of the Ten Commandments.\u201d He called Noah\u2019s cursing of his grandson Ham a bitter curse that \u201cto this day remains a fact\u2026 the unfortunate negro is indeed the meanest of slaves.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Raphall\u2019s views were met with \u201cfiery attacks and declamations,\u201d but he insisted that facts are facts, and wrote in the preface to the publication that his \u201cdiscourse will not fall, for it embodies the word of our God, which standeth good forever.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of course, there were other voices. David Einhorn, a German born Rabbi and the leader of Reform Judaism in America, disputed Raphall\u2019s arguments. He reasoned that our history as slaves in Egypt should make us more sensitive to the predicament of slaves. He dismissed the assertion that the ten commandments defined slaves as property, and argued that biblical precedent could not justify slavery, just as it couldn\u2019t defend bigamy, even though Abraham had two wives.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sometimes the rabbis are spot on, but the congregants fail miserably.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Einhorn delivered his response when he was the rabbi of the oldest continual Reform congregation in America, Har Sinai Congregation in Baltimore, Maryland. Lying south of the Mason-Dixon line, Maryland was a slave state. On April 19<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 1861, just a week after the Civil War officially began, a riot broke out and Einhorn was forced to flee his home. Nearly two decades later, a New York Times obituary described how \u201cthe night before he left Baltimore a number of his friends had to surround his house to prevent his enemies from mobbing him.\u201d He relocated to Philadelphia, a city that lacked both slaves and mob \"justice.\"<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>image: 'Am I not a man and a brother'? Society for the Abolition of Slavery in England in the 1780s. This woodcut accompanied John Greenleaf Whittier's anti slavery poem, 'Our Countrymen in Chains' of 1837. 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The Rabbi Got It Wrong","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Different Jewish takes on slavery in 19th century 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","post_title":"Biblical Support of Bondage?","slug":"biblical-support-of-bondage-2","old_id":"42840","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":41606,"post_title":"Yael Landman","slug":"yael-landman","old_id":"41606","first_name":"Yael ","last_name":"Landman ","description":"Dr. Yael Landman is Visiting Research Fellow in Judaic Studies at Brooklyn College and Acquisitions Editor at Gorgias Press. She holds a PhD in Hebrew Bible from Yeshiva University and a BA from the University of Pennsylvania, and has completed fellowships through the Association for Jewish Studies, the Tikvah Center for Law and Jewish Civilization at NYU School of Law, and the Center for Jewish Law and Contemporary Civilization at Cardozo School of Law. Yael has taught at Yeshiva College and the Drisha Institute. ","short_description":"Dr. Yael Landman is Visiting Research Fellow in Judaic Studies at Brooklyn College and Acquisitions Editor at Gorgias Press.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":41607,"alt":"","title":"Yael Landman","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Yael-Landman-e1538905276552.jpg","width":3197,"height":4747,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Yael-Landman-e1538905276552-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Yael-Landman-e1538905276552-202x300.jpg","medium-width":202,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Yael-Landman-e1538905276552-690x1024.jpg","medium_large-width":690,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Yael-Landman-e1538905276552-690x1024.jpg","large-width":690,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Yael-Landman-e1538905276552.jpg","1536x1536-width":1034,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Yael-Landman-e1538905276552.jpg","2048x2048-width":1379,"2048x2048-height":2048,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Yael-Landman-e1538905276552-808x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":808,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Yael-Landman-e1538905276552-283x420.jpg","home_baner-width":283,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"1015","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proponents of slavery and abolitionists alike have quoted scripture to defend their positions on the institution. A passage in Exodus 21 illuminates a few biblical perspectives on slavery.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If a slave-owner gives his temporary slave a wife, and they procreate, the owner keeps the wife and children when the slave leaves. However, the slave may opt to remain permanently under his owner\u2019s authority so as not to lose his family (Exod 21:2-6). In the act that formalizes the slave\u2019s term\u2019s continuance, \u201chis master shall take him before God. He shall be brought to the door or the doorpost, and his master shall pierce his ear with an awl\u201d (Exod 21:6). Commentaries are split on how to interpret this verse: is the act a punitive sentence or a symbolic ritual?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rabbinic literature (see Mekhilta; Qiddushin 22b) looks to the statement that the Israelites are <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">God\u2019s <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">slaves (Leviticus 25:55) \u2013 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">not<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> slaves of slaves (other Israelites) \u2013 in viewing this ceremony to constitute punishment for having acquired an owner. Another view contends that slavery is a punishment for theft. (Historical side-note: In the ancient Near East, rebellious slaves could be branded as punishment. Though the slave in Exodus does not rebel against his owner, perhaps the rabbis had a similar practice in mind when casting him as rebelling against God.)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Others take an alternate approach that views the ceremony symbolically. Ibn Ezra and Rashbam, both medieval exegetes, interpret the piercing as a marker of slavery; the ancient Babylonian Laws of Eshnunna 51-52 similarly point to markers of slavery \u2013 like fetters, shackles, or a distinctive hairstyle \u2013 which would prevent fleeing. Meir Malul, a modern scholar, sees the door as signifying the border between what belongs inside and outside; setting the ceremony at the door symbolizes that the slave remains within the family\u2019s legal domain.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A symbolic understanding of the ear-piercing ceremony is value-neutral about the social institution of slavery. In contrast, a punitive understanding suggests a negative evaluation \u2013 but of what, precisely? Does this view betray judgments of piercing (as mutilating, painful, degrading) or of slavery (that it is wrong in the eyes of God, and therefore punitive in and of itself), or perhaps of both?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ultimately, when weighing all of the evidence \u2013 Exodus 21, other biblical passages, comparative data \u2013 against the history of interpretation, the reader should be sure to remember just how much is <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">not <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the text.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Biblical Support of Bondage?","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Abolitionists and pro-slavery perspectives in the text","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Exodus","chapter":false,"chapter_main_number":false,"date":false,"wall_id":"1015"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":7,"id":"42359","color":"#effaea","size":"1","name":"A People Without A Land, A Land with 7 Peoples       ","post_title":"A People Without A Land, A Land with 7 Peoples","slug":"a-people-without-a-land-a-land-with-7-peoples","old_id":"42359","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":33859,"post_title":"Avidan Freedman","slug":"avidan-freedman","old_id":"33859","first_name":"Avidan","last_name":"Freedman","description":"Rabbi Avidan Freedman is the Rabbi of Hevruta,  the Shalom Hartman Institute's post high school program for Israelis and North Americans, and an educator in the institute's high school. 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","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":33860,"alt":"Avidan Freedman","title":"Avidan Freedman","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Avidan-Freedman-e1532029306365.jpg","width":856,"height":1024,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Avidan-Freedman-e1532029306365-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Avidan-Freedman-e1532029306365-251x300.jpg","medium-width":251,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Avidan-Freedman-e1532029306365-768x919.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":919,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Avidan-Freedman-e1532029306365-856x1024.jpg","large-width":856,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Avidan-Freedman-e1532029306365.jpg","1536x1536-width":856,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Avidan-Freedman-e1532029306365.jpg","2048x2048-width":856,"2048x2048-height":1024,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Avidan-Freedman-800x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Avidan-Freedman-e1532029306365-351x420.jpg","home_baner-width":351,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"73","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"A third way to read, beyond blind acceptance and knee-jerk rejection","post_main_content_content":"<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Torah never tried to sell anyone on the Zionist myth that the Jewish people were traveling to a \"land without a people\". From God's first conversation with Moses, the land of Israel is the place of many nations whose names end in \"-ite\". \u00a0What hasn't been discussed until chapter 23 is what is to be done with all those people when the Jews arrive.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Torah's plan for what we can accurately call \"ethnic cleansing\" of the natives poses a tremendously difficult moral quandary. There are two reactions to this which are polar opposites of one another, but share something important. The first is to embrace the Torah and dismiss any revulsion at this \"authentic Torah-true\" policy as owing to the influence of non-Jewish values, precisely those values the Torah wants to distance us from by expelling or annihilating all non-Jews. The second is to embrace the morally intuitive revulsion and to dismiss the Torah as an archaic, barbaric text. What these reactions share is their understanding that there is only one way to honestly read the text, that the Torah demands Israel be \"pure\" of all non-Jews.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I believe in a third way, which seeks to appreciate the multiplicity of readings built into the text, even in a text as seemingly unequivocal as this one.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Firstly, the careful reader will notice that there is much repetition in the last half of chapter 23. Essentially, there are two parallel descriptions, which overlap and also contradict one another, in particular regarding the fate of the indigenous peoples of Canaan. While the first narrative has them destroyed by a heavenly angel, the second has them chased away by the mysterious '<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tzir'a<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">', understood by commentators to be hornets, or disease, or perhaps even a metaphoric description of fear.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But not only is the method of expulsion unclear, so too are its parameters. Consider that earlier in the chapter, the Torah speaks twice of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ger<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u00a0which can't really be understood in context as 'convert', because we were not converts in the land of Egypt. Who is this <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ger<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> whose soul we know, and whose soul-rest is the goal of our Shabbat, and what is he doing in the land purged of all non-Jews? Rabbinic understandings are beyond the scope of this essay, but suffice it to say that they go a long way both in resolving these contradictions and in softening the moral challenge.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\"Behold my words are like fire, says God, and like a hammer which smashes the rock\". One can be more or less convinced by any particular reading. What can never be claimed when learning Torah is that you have the one and only authentic interpretation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>image:\u00a0Nicolas Poussin, The Victory of Joshua Over the Amalekites, 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","short_description":"Shoshana Michael Zucker is a translator and editor and lives in Kfar Saba \r\n","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":38048,"alt":"","title":"Shoshana Michael Zucker","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker.jpg","width":231,"height":310,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker-224x300.jpg","medium-width":224,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker.jpg","medium_large-width":231,"medium_large-height":310,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker.jpg","large-width":231,"large-height":310,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker.jpg","1536x1536-width":231,"1536x1536-height":310,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker.jpg","2048x2048-width":231,"2048x2048-height":310,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker.jpg","post_full_size-width":231,"post_full_size-height":310,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Shoshana-Michael-Zucker.jpg","home_baner-width":231,"home_baner-height":310}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"74","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":" From passive recipients to active participants","post_main_content_content":"<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Exodus 24, God commands Moses to ascend Mount Sinai again, accompanied part of the way Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and seventy elders. They bow at a distance and Moses continues alone. God reveals unspecified commandments, Moses reports them to the people, and then records in them in writing, for the first time. This is followed by a ceremony of ratification. Why is all this necessary?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The revelation in Exodus 20 overwhelms and terrifies the people, who agree to do whatever Moses says, as long as he represents them to God. Their fear casts doubt on the validity of their agreement, because they may not have truly acted of their own free will. Therefore, a different process is introduced.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The late<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.law.huji.ac.il\/people\/zeev-wilhelm-falk\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prof. Ze\u2019ev Falk<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, of the Hebrew University Faculty of Law and the Schechter Institutes, presents a unique perspective. In a lesson taught at the Prime Minister\u2019s residence,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he explained, \u201cThe written Torah was first taught orally and only in time was it written, one scroll at a time\u2026 Moses presented the details of the laws to the people, and by discussing the details the listeners became participants.\u201d According to Falk, Moses is God\u2019s agent in chairing a proto-Constituent Assembly that formulates Torah on the basis of the revelation that Moses experienced.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While this reading is anachronistic, it is also a strong statement that the consent of governed is essential for creating a legal system that will stand up over time. This idea is not foreign to the tradition; indeed in the Talmud (Shabbat 88a), Rav A\u1e25a bar Ya\u2019akov expresses concern that duress invalidates the acceptance of Torah at Sinai. Rava answers this concern by stressing, \u201cThey accepted it willingly in the time of Ahasuerus (Esther 9:27).\u201d Falk moves the re-acceptance back in time, to the period immediately after the revelation at Sinai.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ratification described in Exodus 24 is the closing ceremony of the \u201cConstituent Assembly.\u201d Moses reads the Book of the Covenant, the people affirm that have heard and agree. The elders experience a quiet revelation, and everyone is calm enough to enjoy a celebratory feast.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The covenant was ratified but the process of learning endures, as Jews who freely choose to be partners in the covenant between God and Israel continue to study and create Torah.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":62610,"alt":"","title":"1kings15-democracy","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy.png","width":1280,"height":911,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy-300x214.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":214,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy-768x547.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":547,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy-1024x729.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":729,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy.png","1536x1536-width":1280,"1536x1536-height":911,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy.png","2048x2048-width":1280,"2048x2048-height":911,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy-1200x854.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":854,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy-590x420.png","home_baner-width":590,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Consent 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participants","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":62610,"alt":"","title":"1kings15-democracy","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy.png","width":1280,"height":911,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy-300x214.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":214,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy-768x547.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":547,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy-1024x729.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":729,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy.png","1536x1536-width":1280,"1536x1536-height":911,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy.png","2048x2048-width":1280,"2048x2048-height":911,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy-1200x854.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":854,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy-590x420.png","home_baner-width":590,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","links":false,"send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Exodus","chapter":"24","chapter_main_number":"74","date":"20251210","wall_id":"74"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"410","name":"Torah","old_id":"810"},{"term_id":"541","name":"Revelation","old_id":"941"},{"term_id":"628","name":"Democracy","old_id":"1028"}]},{"order":10,"id":"42528","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"2","name":"Sinai is Everywhere       ","post_title":"Sinai Is Everywhere","slug":"sinai-is-everywhere","old_id":"42528","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":36423,"post_title":"Ari Hoffman","slug":"ari-hoffman","old_id":"36423","first_name":"Ari ","last_name":"Hoffman","description":"Ari Hoffman is a columnist for the Forward, where he writes about politics and culture. He is an Adjunct Assistant Professor at N.Y.U., and his writing has also appeared in The Wall Street Journal, Tablet Magazine, The New York Observer, and a range of other publications. He holds a doctorate in English Literature from Harvard and a law degree from Stanford.\r\n","short_description":"Ari Hoffman is a columnist for the Forward, where he writes about politics and culture, and is an Adjunct Assistant Professor at N.Y.U.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":36424,"alt":"","title":"Ari Hoffman","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400.jpg","width":1044,"height":1438,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400-218x300.jpg","medium-width":218,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400-743x1024.jpg","medium_large-width":743,"medium_large-height":1024,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400-743x1024.jpg","large-width":743,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400.jpg","1536x1536-width":1044,"1536x1536-height":1438,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400.jpg","2048x2048-width":1044,"2048x2048-height":1438,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400-871x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":871,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Ari-Hoffman-e1532985000400-305x420.jpg","home_baner-width":305,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"74","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"After the brightness fades, we still have books","post_main_content_content":"<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central to every jot and tittle of Jewish observance, the routes to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">shul <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and the routines that bind seasons and people together, is the underlying belief in the wild proposition of revelation. The great French writer Gustave Flaubert, of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Madame Bovary<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> fame, is reputed to have said \u201cbe regular and orderly in your life, so that you may be violent and original in your work.\u201d Supposedly, Philip Roth had this dictum taped on the wall above his desk. Regularity might be a small price to pay for Alexander Portnoy and Mickey Sabbath, after all.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This chapter is violently original, in that way that can fuel questions and a religious civilization in equal measure. God carefully stage manages His entry into the world, with tiered seating and even refreshments for the elders, who astonishingly sit down to eat and drink while the atmosphere is still singed with Divinity. This recalls nothing as much as the scenes from Hemingway\u2019s <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Farewell to Arms<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where cheese and canned spaghetti find their way to the bombed out battlefields, and palettes are cleansed with shrapnel. Here it is not shrapnel but sapphire, and the shocking clarity of the sight irradiates millennia later.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The peculiarly Jewish moment is, of course, that the precious stones swirling storm clouds are at the revelatory periphery rather than its heartland. What is to be given is something that must be read, and what is seen is a tablet that needs writing. It is not just that God is mostly in the thin small voice, although that is undoubtedly true. It is that after the brightness fades and the picnic on the slope is swept up, when all the august crowd that was there that day has long since blended into sand, we still have books. Strap-hanging on the subway, paperback in hand. Curled up on a couch on a rainy afternoon, where the realest weather seems between the covers of a novel. Sinai is everywhere, if only we can see it.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cover illustration: Mount Sinai (Arabic: \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u200e \u1e6c\u016br S\u012bn\u0101\u02bc\u202f or \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 Jabal M\u016bs\u00e1\u202f; Egyptian Arabic: Gabal M\u016bsa, lit. \"Moses' Mountain\" or \"Mount Moses\"; Hebrew: \u05d4\u05e8 \u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u200e Har Sinai ), is a mountain in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt that is the traditional and most accepted identification of the biblical Mount Sinai. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Photographer: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/User:M_mousa_86\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mohammed Moussa<\/span><\/a><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":42529,"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses.jpg","width":800,"height":536,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses-300x201.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":201,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses-768x515.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":515,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses.jpg","large-width":800,"large-height":536,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses.jpg","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses.jpg","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":536,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses.jpg","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":536,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses-627x420.jpg","home_baner-width":627,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Sinai Is Everywhere","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"After the brightness fades, we still have books","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":42529,"alt":"","title":"","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses.jpg","width":800,"height":536,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses-300x201.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":201,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses-768x515.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":515,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses.jpg","large-width":800,"large-height":536,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses.jpg","1536x1536-width":800,"1536x1536-height":536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses.jpg","2048x2048-width":800,"2048x2048-height":536,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses.jpg","post_full_size-width":800,"post_full_size-height":536,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mount_Moses-627x420.jpg","home_baner-width":627,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mount_Moses.jpg#\/media\/File:Mount_Moses.jpg\">Mount Sinai<\/a> (Arabic: \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u200e \u1e6c\u016br S\u012bn\u0101\u02bc\u202f or \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 Jabal M\u016bs\u00e1\u202f; Egyptian Arabic: Gabal M\u016bsa, lit. \"Moses' Mountain\" or \"Mount Moses\"; Hebrew: \u05d4\u05e8 \u05e1\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u200e Har Sinai ), is a mountain in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt that is the traditional and most accepted identification of the biblical Mount Sinai. Photographer: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/User:M_mousa_86\">Mohammed Moussa<\/a>","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","links":false,"send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Exodus","chapter":"24","chapter_main_number":"74","date":"20251210","wall_id":"74"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"373","name":"Literature","old_id":"773"},{"term_id":"541","name":"Revelation","old_id":"941"}]},{"order":11,"id":"42694","color":"#faeed8","size":"1","name":"If They Build It, I Will Come       ","post_title":"If They Build It, I Will Come","slug":"if-they-build-it-i-will-come","old_id":"42694","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":42669,"post_title":"David Rotenberg","slug":"david-rotenberg","old_id":"42669","first_name":"David ","last_name":"Rotenberg ","description":"Rabbi David Rotenberg has been working in both formal and informal Jewish education throughout his home community of Ottawa, Canada, since his ordination in 2004. He is currently the Director of Education for NCSY\/Torah High Ottawa. One of his passions is combining his interests and skills, teaching Torah through the lens of comedy and pop culture. He occasionally posts these original insights at rabbirotes.wordpress.com.","short_description":"Rabbi David Rotenberg is the Director of Education for NCSY\/Torah High Ottawa. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":42670,"alt":"","title":"david rotenberg","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/david-rotenberg-e1540319771342.jpg","width":887,"height":876,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/david-rotenberg-e1540319771342-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/david-rotenberg-e1540319771342-300x296.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":296,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/david-rotenberg-e1540319771342-768x758.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":758,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/david-rotenberg-1024x1024.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/david-rotenberg-e1540319771342.jpg","1536x1536-width":887,"1536x1536-height":876,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/david-rotenberg-e1540319771342.jpg","2048x2048-width":887,"2048x2048-height":876,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/david-rotenberg-1200x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/david-rotenberg-e1540319771342-425x420.jpg","home_baner-width":425,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"75","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"The tabernacle as the people's field of dreams","post_main_content_content":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIf you build it, he will come.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is these now famous words that Ray Kinsella hears in his Iowa cornfield at the beginning of the 1989 film, \u201cField of Dreams,\u201d initiating his journey of faith, effort, and sacrifice, first building a magnificent baseball field on his farm, and later travelling both across America and across time. They are also evocative of what God says at the beginning of his instructions to construct the Mishkan, the tabernacle (Ex. 25:8): \u201cV\u2019asu li mikdash, v\u2019shachanti b\u2019tocham\u201d - \u201cthey should make Me a sanctuary, and I will dwell among them.\u201d In other words, if <\/span><b><i>they<\/i><\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">build it, <\/span><b><i>I<\/i><\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">will come.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to Rashi\u2019s interpretation, this command was given immediately after God forgives the Jewish people for the sin of the Golden Calf, suggesting that the reason for God commanding its instruction is for the people to atone for this grievous error. There are indeed several parallels between the two incidents, such as the nation freely donating valuables to the \u201cMishkan fund\u201d (much like was done for the Golden Calf).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following the Exodus from Egypt, the Jewish People experienced unprecedented closeness with God, their \u201cFather in Heaven,\u201d which reached its pinnacle at the revelation at Sinai. But after the Golden Calf, this relationship seemed headed toward irreversible estrangement. However, once the Mishkan is completed and all of its vessels are in place, God\u2019s Presence fills the Mishkan, and a new opportunity for closeness emerges.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Similarly, Ray believes that his journey is as penance for a rift in the relationship with his father John, a former minor league catcher, which lasted from the time Ray was young until his father died. One of Ray\u2019s greatest regrets is that, so turned off by John pushing baseball on him, that at age 14, he began refusing to play catch with him, denying John one of the pleasures of the father-son relationship.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the end of the movie, Ray discovers what his entire journey was really about. Ray originally believed that the \u2018he\u2019 the voice was referring to was his father\u2019s favorite player, Shoeless Joe Jackson, who does indeed wander out of the cornfield, and later brings the spirits of other former ball players with him to enjoy Ray\u2019s field. However, in the final scene, as the catcher removes his mask, he is revealed to be a young version of John. After years of distance, Ray finally gets a chance to reconnect, and in a simple but beautiful moment of redemption, he invites John to play catch together. Ray's complex journey had the ultimate goal of bringing him back to that long-missed game of catch with his father.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By the same token, the people\u2019s generosity and efforts regarding the Mishkan are fueled by that same desire to rebuild that bond with our own Father. The message for us to learn both from the Mishkan and from Ray\u2019s Field of Dreams is that even though our actions may lead God to sometimes hide His face or temporarily distance Himself from that relationship, through it all, just like any father, He always wants to be close to us.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":104958,"alt":"","title":"-62854b8bb2faa--62854b8bb2facex25-baseball home 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They Build It, I Will Come","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"The tabernacle as the people's field of dreams","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":104958,"alt":"","title":"-62854b8bb2faa--62854b8bb2facex25-baseball home 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the Pump for Personal Revelation       ","post_title":"Priming The Pump For Personal Revelation","slug":"priming-the-pump-for-personal-revelation","old_id":"42604","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":38634,"post_title":"Rachel Barenblat","slug":"rachel-barenblat","old_id":"38634","first_name":"Rachel ","last_name":"Barenblat ","description":"Rabbi Rachel Barenblat has blogged since 2003 as the Velveteen Rabbi. A Founding Builder at Bayit: Your Jewish Home, and author of several poetry collections (including Texts to the Holy, Ben Yehuda Press 2018, and 70 faces: Torah poems, Phoenicia 2011) she serves as spiritual leader of Congregation Beth Israel in western Massachusetts, USA. ","short_description":"Rabbi Rachel Barenblat of Congregation Beth Israel in Western Massachusetts, blogs as the Velveteen Rabbi. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":38635,"alt":"","title":"rachel barenblat","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/rachel-barenblat-e1535268212237.png","width":328,"height":424,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/rachel-barenblat-e1535268212237-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/rachel-barenblat-e1535268212237-232x300.png","medium-width":232,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/rachel-barenblat-e1535268212237.png","medium_large-width":328,"medium_large-height":424,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/rachel-barenblat-e1535268212237.png","large-width":328,"large-height":424,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/rachel-barenblat-e1535268212237.png","1536x1536-width":328,"1536x1536-height":424,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/rachel-barenblat-e1535268212237.png","2048x2048-width":328,"2048x2048-height":424,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/rachel-barenblat-e1535268212237.png","post_full_size-width":328,"post_full_size-height":424,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/rachel-barenblat-e1535268212237-325x420.png","home_baner-width":325,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"75","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Because I seek, God becomes revealed -- and so do I","post_main_content_content":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our chapter contains exquisitely detailed instructions for the building of the Mishkan, but there is one intriguingly vague item: the two cherubs atop the ark. They are made of gold, have wings, and face each other. At least, in our chapter they face each other. In Chronicles, we read that the Temple cherubs faced the Temple, not each other.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Given these two disparate descriptions, our sages opined that the cherubs had a mystical ability to move in imitation of us. When the populace follow the mitzvot and treat each other lovingly the cherubs face each other. When we reject the mitzvot and treat each other dishonorably they turn away from each other, mirroring our turning away from God and each other.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kalonymus Kalman Shapira, the rabbi of the Warsaw Ghetto writes in his book Aish Kodesh, that when we stand before God in prayer addressing God as a \"you\" we draw forth that aspect of God with whom we can be in relationship. When we do that, we find God's presence in prayer -- and maybe find our own presence, our own deepest selves revealed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Book of Proverbs states that just as water reflects our faces back to us, so our hearts can reflect us to each other. When I connect to you as a \"thou,\" I see myself reflected in your heart. When I connect to God as \"thou,\" my yearning calls forth the divine presence, and I see myself reflected in the Divine. Because I seek, God becomes revealed -- and so do I. God becomes the mirror in which I see my deepest self.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cherubs are also a kind of mirror. When we yearn for connection, and act out of that yearning, they face each other. When we lose sight of our yearning for God, for connection and holiness, and sanctified relationship, the mirroring goes away. They no longer face each other, and we lose the mirror in which we might have seen ourselves and God more deeply.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spiritual life is a journey of constant rising and falling, trying and failing and trying again. We strive to be our very best. Then we notice that we've lost track of our best intentions, so we turn ourselves around to try again. That existential act of turning around to try again is <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">teshuvah<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, repentance or return.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When we turn to face each other, there's the potential for experiencing God's presence in the space between us, the relational space, the I\/Thou space, like the relational space between the cherubs of old from which God's voice issued forth. When we turn to face God, we prime the pump for revelation -- and whether it's revelation of God's self, or revelation of our own deepest self, doesn't really matter. 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","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":42595,"alt":"","title":"jason mark","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jason-mark-e1540275846614.jpg","width":1012,"height":1008,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jason-mark-e1540275846614-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jason-mark-e1540275846614-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jason-mark-e1540275846614-768x765.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":765,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jason-mark-1024x943.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":943,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jason-mark-e1540275846614.jpg","1536x1536-width":1012,"1536x1536-height":1008,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jason-mark-e1540275846614.jpg","2048x2048-width":1012,"2048x2048-height":1008,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jason-mark-1200x1105.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":1105,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/jason-mark-e1540275846614-422x420.jpg","home_baner-width":422,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"73","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Making pilgrimage to seek \u201cGod\u2019s face\u201d can only be sincere when one has worked to establish communities that embody the God\u2019s vision","post_main_content_content":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Exodus 23, a portion dedicated to mapping out what religious life in the Land of Israel will look like, the vision of things to come offers a robust framework upon which society must be built. The imperative to establish a just court system, a regulated agricultural system, and a monotheistic system of worship, seems to strongly suggest that God will be intimately involved in the shaping of what this society will look like.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, in a surprising turn of events, God seems to back away from this project, saying: \u201cI am sending an angel before you to guard you on the way and to bring you to the place that I have made ready\u201d (Exodus 23:20). God, whose direct acting in the world was evident within the redemption from Egypt suddenly appears to take a step back from the work on the ground.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">God's sending forth of a intermediary to implement God\u2019s will in the world reflects an important reality of religious life. The Torah provides a blueprint of society that is Divine in nature, and yet within this, the force that actually will take up the project, that will build and serve the courts, communities, and centers of learning in the Land are the people themselves.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As God\u2019s intermediaries, the people are tasked with cultivating a religious language that can respond meaningfully to the daily grind here on Earth. In addition, they are also commanded to carve out time devoted exclusively to a direct encounter with God three times a year (Exodus 23:17). This call to pilgrimage, which seems to bear little material or sociological significance, stands as an essential pillar to living a balanced religious life. Leaving one\u2019s homes to seek \u201cGod\u2019s face\u201d can only be religiously sincere when one has worked to establish communities that embody the vision of God. So too, the effort to build up the real and the physical here on Earth can only truly actualize its potential when it is plugged into its Source, and is continuously driven in the awareness that it is God who dispatched them on this holy task.<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":104887,"alt":"","title":"-6282b3baa8410--6282b3baa8412ex23-pilgrimage camel 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Agility","post_title":"Jewish Agility","slug":"jewish-agility","old_id":"104949","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":46656,"post_title":"Molly Morris","slug":"molly-morris","old_id":"46656","first_name":"Molly ","last_name":"Morris ","description":"Molly Morris holds a Masters degree in Leadership and Community Engagement. 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Molly participates in the 929 initiative with a dedicated group from the Beth Avraham Yoseph of Toronto congregation. \r\n\r\n","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":92561,"alt":"","title":"molly morris","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris.jpg","width":2192,"height":2488,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-264x300.jpg","medium-width":264,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-768x872.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":872,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-902x1024.jpg","large-width":902,"large-height":1024,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris.jpg","1536x1536-width":1353,"1536x1536-height":1536,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris.jpg","2048x2048-width":1804,"2048x2048-height":2048,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-1057x1200.jpg","post_full_size-width":1057,"post_full_size-height":1200,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/molly-morris-370x420.jpg","home_baner-width":370,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"75","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"In ensuring the Ark was ready to move at a moment\u2019s notice, was God giving us a clue to what would become our history as \u201cwandering Jews\u201d?\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While still camped at Sinai, God gives detailed instructions for building the Tabernacle, including design specs for the Holy Ark. In fact, it\u2019s not only the design of the Ark that is prescribed, God also provides details on the Ark\u2019s exact placement in the Tabernacle, and its contents. Though the contents were referred to in the text as \u201cthe <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">edut<\/span><\/em><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> testimony\u201d (25:16, 21), it is generally agreed to be the tablets Moses brought down from Mount Sinai. Moses recruited a master craftsman by the name of Bezalel to build the Tabernacle, but the commandment given to Moses was to \u201cSpeak to the children of Israel\u2026.They shall make an ark of acacia wood (25:2-10).\u201d The entire Jewish nation was responsible for ensuring the construction was completed according to God\u2019s plan.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Ark, the table of show bread and the menorah were all to be equipped with rings through which poles were inserted. But only with respect to the Ark were we commanded to insert those poles, and then never remove them. In ensuring the Ark was portable and ready to move at a moment\u2019s notice, was God giving us a clue to what would become our history as \u201cwandering Jews\u201d?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rav Shimshon Raphael Hirsch explained that the permanent poles are a metaphor for the Torah itself. Just as the Torah has no temporal limitations, unconnected to any single place or time, so too the Ark itself, which houses the Torah, could not be committed to any specific location. Yes, we will be a wandering nation, but the Torah will wander with us.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We Jews have found ourselves in all kinds of environments, both hostile as well as peaceful. That seems to be our ever-changing condition. Our one constant has been our Torah. Times will change, societal norms will change, but the Torah that was placed in the Ark with poles for transport, will continue to guide us. We will face new challenges and every generation needs a framework for understanding matters our forefathers couldn\u2019t have dreamed of. As long as we bring the Torah along with us to inform our decisions and our responses to the ever-changing world; as long as we remember that the Torah is as applicable now and in the future as it was when we received it, and call on it to provide our framework for living, then we\u2019ll be able to meet those challenges.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"Jewish Agility","tile_main_caption":"In ensuring the Ark was ready to move at a moment\u2019s notice, was God giving us a clue to what would become our history as \u201cwandering Jews\u201d?","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"send_noty":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Torah","book":"Exodus","chapter":"25","chapter_main_number":"75","date":"20251211","wall_id":"75"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":[{"term_id":"432","name":"Exile","old_id":"832"},{"term_id":"668","name":"Tabernacle","old_id":"1068"}]},{"order":15,"id":"104951","color":"#eceffa","size":"1","name":"Cruvim\/Cherubim","post_title":"Cruvim\/Cherubim","slug":"cruvim-cherubim","old_id":"104951","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":78133,"post_title":"Josh Blechner","slug":"josh-blechner","old_id":"78133","first_name":"Josh ","last_name":"Blechner ","description":"Josh first finished the Tanach during Yeshiva in Mevaseret Zion. He and his daughter studied the Tanach again for her bat mitzvah.  Josh has taught many classes on Tanach throughout the years and currently in the New Rochelle 929 group. When not studying for 929, Josh works as an in-house lawyer in New Jersey.","short_description":"Josh has taught many classes on Tanach throughout the years and currently in the New Rochelle 929 group, and is an in-house attorney in New Jersey. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":78134,"alt":"","title":"josh blechner","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","width":276,"height":351,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-236x300.jpg","medium-width":236,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","medium_large-width":276,"medium_large-height":351,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","large-width":276,"large-height":351,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","1536x1536-width":276,"1536x1536-height":351,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","2048x2048-width":276,"2048x2048-height":351,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","post_full_size-width":276,"post_full_size-height":351,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","home_baner-width":276,"home_baner-height":351}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"75","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Anything but cherubic, we can only guess at what they might have looked like\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The holiest object in the Mishkan (Tabernacle) was the Ark. The cover of the ark had two \u201ccruvim\u201d (cherubim) on top. What exactly was a cruv? The cruvim first appear in Genesis chapter 3, after Adam and Eve are expelled from the Garden of Eden:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[God] drove <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>adam<\/em> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">out; and stationed east of the garden of Eden the cherubim and the fiery ever-turning sword, to guard the way to the tree of life (3:24).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Torah does not give any explanation as to what the cruvim are in Genesis except that they act as some sort of guard or gatekeeper. The midrash Exodus Rabba explains that the cruvim were angels of destruction. Chizkuni adds that the very sight of the cruvim would frighten anyone who glanced at them. The rest of the mentions of cruvim in the Torah refer mostly to the cruvim that were on the Ark and on the curtains of the Mishkan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When Solomon builds the Temple, he places two giant cruvim towering over the Ark. He also adds cruvim to his throne. Later the cruvim appear in Ezekiel\u2019s vision of the throne of God in Ezekiel chapter 10. Ezekiel provides some physical description, beyond the wings delineated earlier, that the cruvim \u201cappeared to have the form of a man\u2019s hands under their wings\u201d (Ez. 10:8). Ezekiel\u2019s vision distinguishes between the face of a cruv and a human face (10:14).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What the actual cruvim look like is unclear from the text. Rashi, working off of the Aramaic word for cruv, explains that the cruvim had the face of a young child. Interpreting from the visions of Ezekiel, Ibn Ezra explains that the cruvim seemed to have different faces. 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