{"id":100680,"date":"2018-07-09T18:03:27","date_gmt":"2018-07-09T15:03:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wall\/wall-918\/"},"modified":"2022-01-17T13:17:48","modified_gmt":"2022-01-17T11:17:48","slug":"wall-918","status":"publish","type":"wall","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wall\/wall-918\/","title":{"rendered":"chapter-Writings-II Chronicles-25"},"parent":0,"template":"","acf":{"type":"chapter","wall_id":"918","date":"20290306","book":"II Chronicles","chapter":"25","chapter_main_number":"918","books_group":"Writings","posts":[{"order":1,"id":"100743","color":"#f8ebe3","size":"1","name":"JPS Audio Bible II Chronicles 25    ","post_title":"JPS Audio Bible II Chronicles 25","slug":"jps-audio-bible-ii-chronicles-25","old_id":"100743","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":34686,"post_title":"Soundcloud","slug":"soundcloud","old_id":"34686","first_name":"","last_name":"","description":"","short_description":"","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34656,"alt":"","title":"491","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","width":300,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","large-width":300,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":300,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","post_full_size-width":300,"post_full_size-height":300,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/491-2.jpg","home_baner-width":300,"home_baner-height":300}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"918","type_929":"4","show_author_image":true,"old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"","post_main_content_image":"","post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"JPS Audio Bible","tile_main_caption":"II Chronicles 25","tile_main_caption_size":"2","tile_sub_caption":"Hear the daily chapter","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":"","tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/user-753876298\/jps_audio_bible_II_Chronicles_25","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","old_create_date":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"II Chronicles","chapter":"25","chapter_main_number":"918","date":"20290306","wall_id":"918"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":2,"id":"100782","color":"#e2f4fa","size":"2","name":"The Right Way And The Rote Way   ","post_title":"The Right Way And The Rote Way","slug":"the-right-way-and-the-rote-way","old_id":"100782","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":62571,"post_title":"Yaakov Bieler","slug":"yaakov-bieler","old_id":"62571","first_name":"Yaakov ","last_name":"Bieler ","description":"Rabbi Yaakov Bieler has been involved in Jewish education and the synagogue Rabbinate in New York, NY and Silver Spring, MD since being ordained by Yeshiva University in 1974. He has lectured and written extensively on Modern Orthodoxy, and blogs daily at https:\/\/yaakovbieler.wordpress.com ","short_description":"Rabbi Yaakov Bieler has been involved in Jewish education and the synagogue Rabbinate in New York, NY and Silver Spring, MD since being ordained by Yeshiva University. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":62572,"alt":"","title":"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","width":141,"height":180,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler-141x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":141,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","medium-width":141,"medium-height":180,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","medium_large-width":141,"medium_large-height":180,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","large-width":141,"large-height":180,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","1536x1536-width":141,"1536x1536-height":180,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","2048x2048-width":141,"2048x2048-height":180,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","post_full_size-width":141,"post_full_size-height":180,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/yaakov-bieler.jpg","home_baner-width":141,"home_baner-height":180}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"918","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"Amaziah gets it all wrong\u00a0\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">II Chronicles 25:2 recounts how King Amaziah of Judah: \u201cdid what was pleasing to the LORD, but not with a whole heart.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the biblical turn of phrase could have been explained as merely \u201ca lack of requisite intent,\u201d the phrase is clarified in the parallel description in II Kings 14:3: \u201cHe did what was pleasing to the LORD, but not like his ancestor David; he did just as his father Joash had done.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malbim <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">comments:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BUT NOT LIKE HIS ANCESTOR DAVID\u2014i.e., he complied with the commandments as one who would do so <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mitzvot anashim melumada<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by rote<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,) for so had done his father, not out of a love of God, like David.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Joash did so only because Jehoiada had instructed him (II Kings 12:3,) and he turned from following the LORD when Jehoiada died.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malbim asserts that \u201cnot with a whole heart\u201d is equivalent to performing commandments \u201cby rote\u201d rather than attempting to develop a personal understanding of the values by which one is expected according to the Torah to live one\u2019s life\u2014a religious concept that is crucial for the individual, let alone a king. His \u201cmissing the point\u201d explains the later disastrous errors in judgment that Amaziah perpetrates, described in vs. 14 and 17:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After Amaziah returned from defeating the Edomites, he had the gods of the men of Seir brought, and installed them as his gods; he prostrated himself before them, and to them he made sacrifice\u2026 Then King Amaziah of Judah took counsel and sent this message to Joash, son of Jehoahaz, son of Jehu, king of Israel, \u201cCome, let us confront each other!\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The text suggests that Amaziah\u2019s catastrophic choices resulted, at least in part, from God\u2019s deliberate intervention: \u201cBut Amaziah paid no heed (<\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to Joash\u2019s prudent warning<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)\u2014it was God\u2019s doing, in order to deliver them up\u00a0 because they worshiped the gods of Edom\u201d (verse 20).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the king\u2019s personal intellectual failure (unwillingness? 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He and his daughter studied the Tanach again for her bat mitzvah.  Josh has taught many classes on Tanach throughout the years and currently in the New Rochelle 929 group. When not studying for 929, Josh works as an in-house lawyer in New Jersey.","short_description":"Josh has taught many classes on Tanach throughout the years and currently in the New Rochelle 929 group, and is an in-house attorney in New Jersey. ","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":78134,"alt":"","title":"josh blechner","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","width":276,"height":351,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner-236x300.jpg","medium-width":236,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","medium_large-width":276,"medium_large-height":351,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","large-width":276,"large-height":351,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","1536x1536-width":276,"1536x1536-height":351,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","2048x2048-width":276,"2048x2048-height":351,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","post_full_size-width":276,"post_full_size-height":351,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/josh-blechner.jpg","home_baner-width":276,"home_baner-height":351}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"918","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"\u201cAnd his heart was not complete with God\u201d\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cHe did what was pleasing to the LORD, but not with a whole heart\u201d (verse 2). Amaziah is introduced as a good king who followed God, but with the odd addition that he did not do so with a whole heart. His rule starts off well, he exacts retribution against his father\u2019s killers, but does not go full Athaliah on them. He does not kill entire families following the Torah law. He also listens to the prophet that tells him to go to battle alone and not with the mercenaries from the northern kingdom.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But then the story changes, much like many of the previous \u201cgood\u201d kings. Amaziah brings home the idols from his conquests and begins to worship them. He then defies the warnings of the prophet and picks a fight with the much more powerful Northern kingdom. After his army is routed, he must flee in disgrace and is later killed after hiding out in a town controlled by the Assyrians.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amaziah\u2019s career seems very similar to Asa. Starting off strong listening to one prophet, but then ending on a down note by threatening a second prophet. But Asa gets a very different introductory verse: \u201cAsa did what was good and pleasing to the LORD his God\u201d (II Chronicles 14:1). The phrase \u201cand not with a whole heart\u201d first appears in the context of the kings of Israel in David\u2019s blessing to Solomon.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cAnd you, my son Solomon, know the God of your father, and serve Him with single mind and whole heart, for the LORD searches all minds and discerns the design of every thought; if you seek Him He will be available to you, but if you forsake Him He will abandon you forever\u201d\u00a0 (I Chronicles 28:9).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This warning by David foreshadows Solomon\u2019s end: \u201cIn his old age, his wives turned away Solomon\u2019s heart after other gods, and he did not have a whole heart devoted to the LORD his God as his father David had been\u201d (I Kings 11:4).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Solomon and Amaziah had something in common that Asa did not. Asa did not worship idols at the end of his life. He may have rejected God\u2019s messenger, but he did not turn towards other gods. That is why the prophet says \u201cThe shrines, indeed, were not abolished; however, Asa followed the LORD his God with a whole heart all his life\u201d (I Kings 15:14).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amaziah and Solomon did worship idols. They may have started doing what God wanted, but in the end they were not devoted to God with a whole heart, and that was their downfall.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":100778,"alt":"","title":"2chron25-torn heart","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart.png","width":1920,"height":1609,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart-300x251.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":251,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart-768x644.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":644,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart-1024x858.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":858,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart.png","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1287,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart.png","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1609,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart-1200x1006.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":1006,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart-501x420.png","home_baner-width":501,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Good But Not Good Enough, Not Totally Good","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"\u201cAnd his heart was not complete with God\u201d","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":100778,"alt":"","title":"2chron25-torn heart","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart.png","width":1920,"height":1609,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart-300x251.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":251,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart-768x644.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":644,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart-1024x858.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":858,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart.png","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1287,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart.png","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1609,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart-1200x1006.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":1006,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/2chron25-torn-heart-501x420.png","home_baner-width":501,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"II Chronicles","chapter":"25","chapter_main_number":"918","date":"20290306","wall_id":"918"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":4,"id":"100780","color":"#faeed8","size":"1","name":"Wait, Isn\u2019t THIS the Book of Chronicles?   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He is the author of TANAKH: An Owner\u2019s Manual (Jerusalem: Urim\/Ktav, 2015).\r\n\r\n","short_description":"Dr. Moshe Sokolow is Associate Dean of the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":34244,"alt":"","title":"sokolow","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","width":302,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow-300x298.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":298,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","medium_large-width":302,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","large-width":302,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","1536x1536-width":302,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","2048x2048-width":302,"2048x2048-height":300,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","post_full_size-width":302,"post_full_size-height":300,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/sokolow.jpg","home_baner-width":302,"home_baner-height":300}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"918","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"A deeper dive into Kings v. Chronicles and their authors\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A curious question of nomenclature arises when we consider a verse in this chapter and its parallel in 2 Kings:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2 Chr. 25:26<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The other events of Amaziah\u2019s reign, early and late, are recorded in the <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">book<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sefer<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) of the kings of Judah and Israel.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2 Kings 14:18<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The other events of Amaziah\u2019s reign are recorded in the <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Annals<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sefer divrei hayamim<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>)<\/em> of the Kings of Judah.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The book we call <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Divrei Hayamim<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Chronicles) mentions a Book of Kings, while the book we call <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u2019lakhim<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Kings) mentions a book called <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Divrei Hayamim<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This provides us with the opportunity to review our assumptions regarding the relationship between these two books and the editorial biases and prerogatives exercised by their respective authors\/redactors.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/929.org.il\/lang\/en\/page\/865\/post\/98835\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">our introduction to 1 Chronicles<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, we cited the commentary of Radak who explained this book\u2019s intense focus on all things Davidic as: \u201cThis book, the Book of Chronicles, belongs to the Holy Scripture in which it was incorporated because it contains an account of the events of the Judan monarchy.\u201d In <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/929.org.il\/lang\/en\/page\/865\/post\/98844\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">comments to Chapter 1 <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">there, we added our identification of the author\/redactor, noting that by \u201cChronicler\u201d we mean Ezra, who \u201crecorded the genealogies up to himself,\u201d and Nehemiah, \u201cwho completed them [Baba Batra 15a].\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indeed, we had the occasion earlier (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/929.org.il\/lang\/en\/page\/906\/post\/100353\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">see Chapter 13<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) to cite Pseudo-Rashi to the effect that: \u201cThis is the [official] Judean genealogical record, while Kings is the record of Judean and Israelite monarchy.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In other words, neither the Book of Kings nor the Book of Chronicles is identical with the <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sefer divrei hayamim l\u2019malkhei Yehudah<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014the \u201cAnnals\u201d mentioned in Kings. A likely explanation is that the Annals were detailed records of royal and national events that were kept by royal archivists. Such records would have been indiscriminate, reporting events major and minor and recording failures and successes alike. These Annals, no longer extant, were consulted by Jeremiah in his redaction of Kings, and by Ezra in his redaction of Chronicles.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jeremiah\u2019s selections were based, largely, on the need he saw to warn the Judans of the perils of their wicked ways, many of which were identical with those of their northern brethren. Hence, he reported on the feats\u2014and foibles\u2014of both kingdoms. Ezra, however, living over 200 years after the northern kingdom had disappeared, saw no point in reiterating details that, in any event, could be retrieved from the earlier Book of Kings, so his focus was entirely on Judah and utilized both that book as well as the Annals.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":71654,"alt":"","title":"jer36-heads-books","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books-1200x800.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":800,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Wait, Isn\u2019t THIS the Book of Chronicles?","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"A deeper dive into Kings v. Chronicles and their authors","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":71654,"alt":"","title":"jer36-heads-books","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books-1200x800.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":800,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer36-heads-books-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_link_for_pay":"0","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"II Chronicles","chapter":"25","chapter_main_number":"918","date":"20290306","wall_id":"918"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":5,"id":"100738","color":"#eceffa","size":"1","name":"Amaziah Provokes A Rebuke  ","post_title":"Amaziah Provokes A Rebuke","slug":"amaziah-provokes-a-rebuke","old_id":"100738","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":54356,"post_title":"Robert Alter","slug":"robert-alter","old_id":"54356","first_name":"Robert ","last_name":"Alter","description":"Robert Alter is the Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, where he has taught since 1967. He has written over twenty books, focusing on such topics as the European novel from the 18th century to the present, contemporary American fiction, and modern Hebrew literature. He has also written extensively on the literary aspects of the Bible. His most recent work is his monumental three volume translation of the entire Hebrew Bible - The Hebrew Bible, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019 -  from which the selections in 929 are taken. ","short_description":"Robert Alter is the Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, and author of the three-volume translation of the entire Hebrew Bible - The Hebrew Bible, W. W. Norton & Co., 2019.","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":54357,"alt":"","title":"robert alter","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","width":184,"height":275,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","medium-width":184,"medium-height":275,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","medium_large-width":184,"medium_large-height":275,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","large-width":184,"large-height":275,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","1536x1536-width":184,"1536x1536-height":275,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","2048x2048-width":184,"2048x2048-height":275,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","post_full_size-width":184,"post_full_size-height":275,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/robert-alter.jpg","home_baner-width":184,"home_baner-height":275}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"918","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"There\u2019s nothing like prophetic sarcasm\r\n\r\n","post_main_content_content":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25:16 \u201cAnd it happened as he spoke to him that he said to him, \u2018Have they made you a councilor to the king? Cease! Why should they strike you down?\u2019 And he said, \u2018For God has counseled to destroy you, for you have done this and not heeded my counsel.\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The prophet sarcastically flings back the term that Amaziah has used in confronting him. The next verse, even as it picks up verbatim the narrative in 2 Kings 14, adds \u201ctook counsel\u201d in order to underscore that the king of Judah is now following a plan counter to God\u2019s council, one that will lead to disaster.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From: Robert Alter, <em>The Hebrew Bible<\/em>, vol. 3: Writings, W. W. Norton &amp; Co., 2019, ad loc. By permission of the author.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","post_main_content_image":{"id":54890,"alt":"","title":"Alter-Cover","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","width":1200,"height":693,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-300x173.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":173,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-768x444.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":444,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1024x591.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":591,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":693,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":693,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1200x693.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":693,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-727x420.jpg","home_baner-width":727,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"","tile_main_caption":"Amaziah Provokes A Rebuke","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"There\u2019s nothing like prophetic sarcasm","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":54890,"alt":"","title":"Alter-Cover","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","width":1200,"height":693,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-300x173.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":173,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-768x444.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":444,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1024x591.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":591,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","1536x1536-width":1200,"1536x1536-height":693,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover.jpg","2048x2048-width":1200,"2048x2048-height":693,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-1200x693.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":693,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Alter-Cover-727x420.jpg","home_baner-width":727,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"II Chronicles","chapter":"25","chapter_main_number":"918","date":"20290306","wall_id":"918"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":6,"id":"100736","color":"#f7e9e9","size":"1","name":"Points to Ponder - II Chronicles 25    ","post_title":"Points to Ponder - II Chronicles 25","slug":"points-to-ponder-ii-chronicles-25","old_id":"100736","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":{"id":38102,"post_title":"929-English","slug":"929-english","old_id":"38102","first_name":"","last_name":"929-English","description":"","short_description":"","credit":"","image_url":"","hide_writer":false,"link_for_pay":false,"image":{"id":38333,"alt":"","title":"\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/png","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","width":1513,"height":860,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-150x150.png","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-300x171.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":171,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-768x437.png","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":437,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-1024x582.png","large-width":1024,"large-height":582,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","1536x1536-width":1513,"1536x1536-height":860,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5.png","2048x2048-width":1513,"2048x2048-height":860,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-1200x682.png","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":682,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2\u05d5-739x420.png","home_baner-width":739,"home_baner-height":420}},"tags":false},"related_cahpter":"918","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content_description":"","post_main_content_content":"<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Comp lit.<\/em> The story of King Amaziah can be found in 2 Kings 14. The differences between that version and this reveal once again the worldview of the Chronicler regarding the straight and the true, and the evil and the superfluous.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Is there a connection?<\/em> Is there a connection between the two stories in the chapter? Is the crisis with the troops from Israel, on the verge of war with Edom, together with the violent response of the warriors the source of the war of Amaziah and Israel?<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Advisors.<\/em> Check out verses 16-17 to find out: who counseled the king, who the king didn\u2019t want to accept as a councilor, and the counsel of whom eventually became reality.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>","post_main_content_image":{"id":86314,"alt":"","title":"Points to ponder","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"post_main_content_embedded_video":"","post_main_content_video_duration":"","post_main_content_show_fb_comments":"1","post_main_content_credit_media":"","tile_top_caption":"II Chronicles 25","tile_main_caption":"Points to Ponder ","tile_main_caption_size":"1","tile_sub_caption":"Insights and questions for personal reflection and group discussion","tile_preview_embedded":"","tile_preview_image":{"id":86314,"alt":"","title":"Points to ponder","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-300x300.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-768x768.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":768,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","large-width":1000,"large-height":1000,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","1536x1536-width":1000,"1536x1536-height":1000,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","2048x2048-width":1000,"2048x2048-height":1000,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder.jpg","post_full_size-width":1000,"post_full_size-height":1000,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Points-to-ponder-420x420.jpg","home_baner-width":420,"home_baner-height":420}},"tile_preview_video":"","tile_external_link":"","tile_tile_gallery_items":"","tile_credits":"","alternate_tile_top_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption":"","alternate_tile_main_caption_size":"1","alternate_tile_sub_caption":"","alternate_tile_hide_media":"0","tile_group_preview_image_url":"","tile_group_main_caption":"","tile_group_sub_caption":"","tile_group_popup_package_extra_content":"","tile_group_read_time":"","home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo_seo_title":"","seo_seo_description":"","seo_seo_default_title":"","seo_seo_default_description":"","links":false,"tile_link_for_pay":"0","chapter_info":{"books_group":"Writings","book":"II Chronicles","chapter":"25","chapter_main_number":"918","date":"20290306","wall_id":"918"},"link_for_pay":false,"tags":false},{"order":7,"id":"100685","color":"#effaea","size":"1","name":"Sefaria Source Sheets - II Chronicles 25    ","post_title":"Sefaria Source Sheets - II Chronicles 25","slug":"sefaria-source-sheets-ii-chronicles-25","old_id":"100685","type":"song","iframe":"","writer":{"id":42228,"post_title":"Sefaria","slug":"sefaria","old_id":"42228","first_name":"","last_name":"Sefaria","description":"Sefaria is a non-profit organization dedicated to building the future of Jewish learning in an open and participatory way. 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