{"id":87298,"date":"2021-01-21T19:22:53","date_gmt":"2021-01-21T17:22:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/?p=87298"},"modified":"2021-01-21T19:22:53","modified_gmt":"2021-01-21T17:22:53","slug":"binding-and-bonding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/binding-and-bonding\/","title":{"rendered":"Binding And Bonding"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[281],"tags":[],"acf":{"old_id":"87298","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":64450,"related_cahpter":"661","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content":{"description":"We are bound to help the less fortunate\r\n\r\n","content":"

In Psalm 94, the psalmist asks God to punish the wicked. He lists their evil deeds:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThey crush Your people, O LORD, they afflict Your very own; they kill the widow and the stranger; they murder the fatherless.\u201d (Psalms 94:5-6)<\/span><\/p>\n

Let\u2019s take a look at one of the victims mentioned in the verse \u2013 the widow, in Hebrew <\/span>almana<\/span><\/em>. The word appears 56 times in the Bible, frequently as someone who society is obligated to protect. In contrast, the word for widower, <\/span>alman<\/span><\/em>, only appears once, in Jeremiah 51:5, where it is used metaphorically, saying that Israel has not become a widow in \u2018his\u2019 relationship with God.<\/span><\/p>\n

There are a number of theories as to the etymology of <\/span>almana<\/span><\/em>. Some scholars say it derives from a root meaning \u201cneedy,\u201d and others say from a root meaning \u201cto feel pain.\u201d Another interesting theory says it comes from the root <\/span>a-l-m<\/span><\/em>meaning \u201cto bind.\u201d This theory describes widowhood as if bound up and excluded. This is expressed in a verse describing the concubines King David left behind when he fled Jerusalem:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThey remained in seclusion until the day they died, in living widowhood.\u201d (Samuel II 20:3)<\/span><\/p>\n

Several other Hebrew words also may derive from this root.<\/span><\/p>\n

The word for sheaves of grain is <\/span>aluma<\/span><\/em>\u00a0and clearly is connected to the root meaning \u201cto bind,\u201d as found in the dream Joseph told to his brothers:<\/span><\/p>\n

“There we were binding <\/span>me’almim<\/span><\/em>\u00a0sheaves <\/span>alumim<\/span><\/em>\u00a0in the field” (Genesis 37:7)<\/span><\/p>\n

The word for \u201cmute\u201d is <\/span>ilem<\/span><\/em>. It is usually explained as meaning \u201cbound in one\u2019s speech.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Almoni<\/span><\/em>\u00a0means \u201canonymous.\u201d In the Bible, it is always found together as part of the phrase <\/span>ploni almoni<\/span><\/em> \u2013 \u201can uncertain man.\u201d According to some scholars, it is related to <\/span>ilem<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u2013 <\/span><\/i>\u201cto be silent,\u201d and means \u201cone whose name is unknown.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The word <\/span>alim<\/span><\/em>\u00a0today means \u201cviolent,\u201d but in Biblical Hebrew meant \u201cstrong.\u201d A number of scholars connect \u201cstrength\u201d to \u201cbinding.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Lastly, we have the word <\/span>ulam<\/span><\/em>. Today it means both \u201chall, theater\u201d and \u201chowever, nevertheless.\u201d Both of those come from an earlier meaning of \u201cin front of.\u201d The hall originally referred to a vestibule at the front of a building, and \u201chowever\u201d derives from a sense of \u201copposite\u201d (i.e. facing someone.) There are scholars that connect <\/span>ulam<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u00a0to \u201cbinding\u201d as well, perhaps because \u201cin front of\u201d is related to \u201csurrounding.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

So while binding might have originally provided the word <\/span>almana<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>in the negative context of isolation, the Torah commands us to take the positive meaning, and bind ourselves to the weakest members of society, and provide them with support.<\/span><\/p>\n

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