{"id":84158,"date":"2020-11-28T23:30:02","date_gmt":"2020-11-28T21:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/?p=84158"},"modified":"2020-11-28T23:30:02","modified_gmt":"2020-11-28T21:30:02","slug":"looking-ones-enemy-in-the-eye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/looking-ones-enemy-in-the-eye\/","title":{"rendered":"Looking One\u2019s Enemy in the Eye"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[281],"tags":[],"acf":{"old_id":"84158","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":34243,"related_cahpter":"621","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content":{"description":"And seeing their defeat\r\n\r\n","content":"

The concluding verse of our psalm has been translated in different ways. The Old (1917) JPS translation has: \u201cFor He hath delivered me out of all trouble (<\/span>tzarah<\/span><\/em>) and mine eye hath gazed (<\/span>ra\u2019ata `eini<\/span><\/em>) upon mine enemies,\u201d which calls into question the meaning of the second clause. Why is gazing upon one\u2019s enemies a cause for gratitude? Surely it would be preferable to have had no enemies to gaze upon. ArtScroll\u2019s rendition, \u201cUpon my foes my eye had looked,\u201d yields the same problem. The New (1982) JPS version, \u201cFor it [God\u2019s name] has saved me from my foes, and let me gaze triumphant upon my enemies,\u201d raises related questions: Where in the Hebrew text are the \u201cfoes\u201d (the verse cites <\/span>tzarah<\/span><\/em>, distress) and where is the triumph?<\/span><\/p>\n

Regarding the \u201cfoes,\u201d the NJPS relies on the notion of synonymous parallelism\u2014the idea that biblical poetry uses synonymous word pairs such as heaven and earth, tent and tabernacle, and listen and hear. The appearance of one of the pair in one half of a verse almost guarantees the appearance of a synonym in the other. Hence, <\/span>tzarah<\/span><\/em> and \u2018<\/em><\/span>oyeiv<\/span><\/em> are presumably synonyms. We might point out\u2014in reinforcement\u2014that these two words appear twice in Tanakh as a hendiadys (two that are one): once in reference to the Babylonian destroyers of Jerusalem (Lamentations 4:12) and once describing Haman (Esther 7:6).<\/span><\/p>\n

The \u201ctriumph\u201d is explained in Robert Alter\u2019s recent translation, \u201cFor from every strait He saved me, and my eyes see my enemies\u2019 defeat,\u201d on which he noted:<\/span><\/p>\n

The idiom <\/span>ra\u2019ah b<\/span><\/em>\u2019<\/span><\/i>, \u2018see in\u2019, repeatedly occurs in Psalms in the sense of seeing one\u2019s enemies defeated and humiliated [MS: see Ps. 118:7], so the translation adds the clearly implied \u2018defeat\u2019 (<\/span>The Hebrew Bible<\/span><\/i>, vol. 3, 138).<\/span><\/p>\n

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