{"id":78055,"date":"2020-07-26T12:14:24","date_gmt":"2020-07-26T09:14:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/?p=78055"},"modified":"2020-07-26T12:14:24","modified_gmt":"2020-07-26T09:14:24","slug":"qiqayon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/qiqayon\/","title":{"rendered":"Qiqayon"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Our chapter describes in detail Jonah\u2019s anger that God forgave the people of Nineveh after their sincere repentance. Jonah goes out to the east of the city and makes himself a <\/span>sukkah<\/em> <\/span>to sit under while waiting to see what will become of Nineveh. Our Chapter goes on to relate: \u201cThe Lord God provided a <\/span>qiqayon<\/span><\/em>, which grew up over Jonah, to provide shade for his head and save him from discomfort\u2026\u201d (4:6). The word <\/span>qiqayon<\/span><\/em> is found only here in the Hebrew Bible. Ancient and modern commentators have made various attempts to identify specifically the <\/span>qiqayon<\/em> <\/span>plant. Most contemporary Biblical scholars understand <\/span>qiqayon<\/span><\/em> to refer to the castor-oil plant (scientific name <\/span>Ricinus Communis<\/span><\/em>), which provides shade, but grows and withers quickly (see 4:6-11).<\/span><\/p>\n

Mishnah Shabbat 2:1 lists <\/span>shemen qiq<\/span><\/em> (\u201ccastor-bean oil\u201d) as one of the oils that may not be used to kindle the Sabbath lights. Talmud Bavli Shabbat 21a preserves a discussion of this specific kind of oil, the exact identification of which was apparently already a matter of question. What is <\/span>shemen qiq<\/span><\/em>?<\/span> Samuel said: I asked all seafarers about it, and they told me that there is a certain bird in the sea towns called <\/span>qiq<\/span><\/em> [from whose fat this kind of oil is prepared]. Rav Yitzchaq son of Rav Judah said: It is <\/span>mishcha\u2019 de-qa\u2019za<\/span><\/em>\u2019 <\/span><\/i>(\u201ccotton-seed oil\u201d). Resh Lakish said: [It is oil produced from the beans of] Jonah’s <\/span>qiqayon<\/span><\/em>. Rabbah bar Bar Chanah said: I myself have seen Jonah’s <\/span>qiqayon<\/span><\/em>. It resembles the <\/span>Tzluliva<\/span><\/em>\u2019<\/span><\/i> (\u201ccastor\u201d) tree and grows in ditches. They train it up over the entrance of shops [to provide shade and fragrance]. And they produce oil from its seeds. And under its branches rest all the sick of the West [i.e., the Land of Israel].<\/span><\/p>\n

That <\/span>shemen qiq<\/span><\/em> (\u201ccastor-bean oil\u201d) is not to be used to light the Sabbath lights, is apparently because of the foul odor that it gives off when kindled. The 5<\/span>th<\/span> century BCE Greek historian, Herotodus, in his Histories 2:94 relates the following about the use of castor-bean oil in antiquity. For anointing (the body) those of the Egyptians who dwell in the marshlands use oil from the castor-berry, which the Egyptians call <\/span>kiki<\/span><\/em>. They sow this plant along the banks of the rivers and pools, which in a wild form grows of itself in the land of the Hellenes [i.e. Greece]. However, in Egypt these plants are cultivated and produce berries in great quantity, but which have an evil smell. When they have gathered these berries, some cut them up and press the oil from them. Others roast them first and then boil them down and collect that which runs away from them. The oil is fat and not less suitable for burning than olive-oil, but it gives forth a disagreeable smell.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jonah was apparently not bothered by the odor of his <\/span>qiqayon<\/span><\/em>, which provided him shade, at least for a while, as it says: \u201cJonah was very happy about the plant\u201d (Jonah 4:6).<\/span><\/p>\n

Image: Jonah Under the Gourd Vine, 280-290 AD, Late Roman, Asia Minor, marble – Cleveland Museum of Art – DSC08339 \/ wikipedia\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","image":{"ID":78056,"id":78056,"title":"jon4-kikayon2","filename":"jon4-kikayon2.jpg","filesize":0,"url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/jon4-kikayon2.jpg","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/qiqayon\/jon4-kikayon2\/","alt":"","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"jon4-kikayon2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":78055,"date":"2020-07-26 09:12:49","modified":"2020-07-26 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