{"id":74601,"date":"2020-05-12T15:03:32","date_gmt":"2020-05-12T12:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/?p=74601"},"modified":"2020-05-31T09:59:00","modified_gmt":"2020-05-31T06:59:00","slug":"bybliography","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/bybliography\/","title":{"rendered":"Bybliography"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[281],"tags":[],"acf":{"old_id":"74601","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":64450,"related_cahpter":"479","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content":{"description":"The source of the Source\r\n\r\n","content":"

In chapter 27, Ezekiel laments the fate of Tyre. This Phoenician city, on the Mediterranean coast, led a network of sea trade throughout the entire region. Before the Babylonian conquest, Tyre is described as trading with Egypt, Assyria, Arabia, and the Greek Islands. One particular town involved in those trading routes was Gebal. Ezekiel describes their citizens this way in verse 9:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cGebal\u2019s elders and craftsmen were within you,<\/span>
\n<\/span>Making your repairs.<\/span>
\n<\/span>All the ships of the sea, with their crews,<\/span>
\n<\/span>Were in your harbor<\/span>
\n<\/span>To traffic in your wares.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Gebal did not only cooperate with Tyre, but with Israel as well, in the time of Solomon:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026Solomon\u2019s masons, Hiram\u2019s masons, and the men of Gebal shaped them. Thus, the timber and the stones for building the house were made ready.\u201d (I Kings 5:32)<\/span><\/p>\n

Both of these verses show that Gebal was known for woodworking, as well as trade.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gebal, or <\/span>Geval\u00a0<\/span><\/em>in Hebrew, was located on what today is the northern coast of Lebanon, between Beirut and Tripoli. While the origin of the name is subject to some debate, many think it is related to the Hebrew word <\/span>gevul<\/span><\/em>, meaning \u201cboundary, border.\u201d That word is cognate with the Arabic <\/span>jabal<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u2013 <\/span><\/i>\u201cmountain,\u201d since mounds were often used to mark borders. So Gebal probably meant something like \u201cfrontier town.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

One product particularly associated with Gebal was papyrus, since the traders of Gebal imported that important product from Egypt, and then continued selling it to the Aegean countries. Those Greek speaking countries pronounced Gebal somewhat differently: Byblos.<\/span><\/p>\n

Byblos was so associated with papyrus, that the Greek word for Egyptian papyrus was <\/span>byblos<\/span><\/em>. <\/span><\/i>From that word derived the related <\/span>biblion<\/span><\/em>\u00a0meaning \u201cpaper, scroll\u201d, and this developed into the familiar words in English, \u201cbiblio-\u201c a prefix meaning \u201cbook,\u201d and Bible \u2013 \u201cthe Book\u201d (originally in Latin the phrase was <\/span>biblia sacra<\/span><\/em>, \u201choly books\u201d, and later abbreviated to just <\/span>biblia).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

It\u2019s interesting to think about how this partnership between Israel and Phoenicia has evolved over the millennia. Initially, Israel needed to import Phoenician wood and craftsmen. Later, the very concept of the Bible was exported all over the world. Perhaps some future cooperation will return!<\/span><\/p>\n","image":{"ID":74605,"id":74605,"title":"ez27-bible","filename":"ez27-bible.jpg","filesize":0,"url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible.jpg","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/bybliography\/ez27-bible\/","alt":"","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"ez27-bible","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":74601,"date":"2020-05-12 12:03:11","modified":"2022-05-02 14:26:30","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1920,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible-1200x800.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":800,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"embedded_video":"","video_duration":"","show_fb_comments":true,"credit_media":""},"tile":{"top_caption":"","main_caption":"Bybliography","main_caption_size":"1","sub_caption":"The source of the Source","preview_embedded":"","preview_image":{"ID":74605,"id":74605,"title":"ez27-bible","filename":"ez27-bible.jpg","filesize":0,"url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible.jpg","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/bybliography\/ez27-bible\/","alt":"","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"ez27-bible","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":74601,"date":"2020-05-12 12:03:11","modified":"2022-05-02 14:26:30","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1920,"height":1280,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible-768x512.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":512,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible-1024x683.jpg","large-width":1024,"large-height":683,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":1024,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible.jpg","2048x2048-width":1920,"2048x2048-height":1280,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible-1200x800.jpg","post_full_size-width":1200,"post_full_size-height":800,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ez27-bible-630x420.jpg","home_baner-width":630,"home_baner-height":420}},"preview_video":"","external_link":"","link_for_pay":false,"tile_gallery_items":false,"credits":""},"alternate_tile":{"top_caption":"","main_caption":"","main_caption_size":"1","sub_caption":"","hide_media":false},"tile_group":{"preview_image_url":false,"main_caption":"","sub_caption":"","":null,"popup_package_extra_content":"","read_time":""},"home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo":{"seo_title":"","seo_description":"","seo_default_title":"","seo_default_description":""},"links":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74601"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74601"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74601\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":75390,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74601\/revisions\/75390"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}