{"id":72289,"date":"2020-03-24T17:18:52","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T15:18:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/?p=72289"},"modified":"2020-03-24T17:18:52","modified_gmt":"2020-03-24T15:18:52","slug":"hophra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/hophra\/","title":{"rendered":"Hophra"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[281],"tags":[],"acf":{"old_id":"72289","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":33877,"related_cahpter":"444","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content":{"description":"Mysterious Egyptian pharaoh, made an example by Jeremiah\r\n\r\n","content":"

In our chapter, Jeremiah continues his prophecies against the Judeans, who fled to Egypt taking with them the prophet and his secretary, Baruch against their will. Jeremiah begins this prophecy by reminding those Judeans whom he addresses how their idolatry and that of their forefathers caused the destruction of Jerusalem and Judah (44:2-3). Jeremiah continues to lambast his fellow Judeans for continuing in Egyptian exile their foreign worship and goes on to predict their imminent destruction.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the Judean exiles in Egypt angrily reject Jeremiah\u2019s warning. At the end of our chapter, Jeremiah offers proof of his prophecy of doom: \u201cAnd this shall be the sign to you\u2014declares the Lord\u2014that I am going to deal with you in this place, so that you may know that My threats of punishment against you will be fulfilled: Thus said the Lord: I will deliver Pharaoh Hophra, king of Egypt, into the hands of his enemies, those who seek his life, just as I delivered King Zedekiah of Judah into the hands of King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon, his enemy who sought his life\u201d (verses 29-30).<\/span><\/p>\n

Since the remaining final chapters of the Book of Jeremiah seem to be a kind of chronological flashback to earlier times, these final verses of our chapter apparently represent the last words of the Prophet Jeremiah recorded in Scripture. Moreover, the biblical text does not record what eventually became of Pharaoh Hophra, who is mentioned by name in the Hebrew Bible only here at the end of our chapter.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, extra-biblical sources add considerable information about Hophra, whose name in Egyptian hieroglyphics has been deciphered as Wahibre Haaibre. This pharaoh ruled Egypt in 589-570 BCE, as part of the 26<\/span>th<\/span> dynasty. The pharaohs of this dynasty were the last to rule Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BCE. Their capital was the city of Sais in the Western Nile Delta north of ancient Memphis and present-day Cairo. The reign of this dynasty marks the beginning of the Late Period of ancient Egypt.<\/span><\/p>\n

The 5<\/span>th<\/span> century BCE Greek historian, Herodotus — referred to as \u201cThe Father of History\u201d \u2013 relates in his <\/span>Histories<\/span><\/i> (II 161-169) that Hophra, whom he refers to in Greek as Apries,<\/span> failed in his military adventures, leading to a rebellion against him in Egypt. He was overthrown by one of his generals, Amasis, who ruled Egypt as the last Pharaoh of the 26<\/span>th<\/span> dynasty, as Amasis II (or Ahmose II). According to Herodotus, Apries died at the hands of the Egyptian rebels and was buried in one of the local temples associated with his reign.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the early 20<\/span>th<\/span> century, the \u201cPalace of Apries\u201d was identified in Memphis and excavated. These excavations have continued until our day.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Midrash (Tanhuma Vaera 9, Tanhuma Buber Vaera 8) interprets the name Hophra (Hebrew HPRA\u2019) to suggest that because this pharaoh, like others, claimed to be a god, he was punished by being \u201cexposed\u201d (Hebrew root PRA\u2019) to a humiliating downfall.<\/span><\/p>\n

Image: Head of Apries, Louvre, 6th C. BCE \/ wikipedia<\/span><\/p>\n","image":{"ID":72290,"id":72290,"title":"jer44-Apries","filename":"jer44-Apries.jpg","filesize":0,"url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/hophra\/jer44-apries\/","alt":"","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"jer44-apries","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":72289,"date":"2020-03-24 15:18:35","modified":"2020-03-24 15:18:46","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":199,"height":290,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","medium-width":199,"medium-height":290,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","medium_large-width":199,"medium_large-height":290,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","large-width":199,"large-height":290,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","1536x1536-width":199,"1536x1536-height":290,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","2048x2048-width":199,"2048x2048-height":290,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","post_full_size-width":199,"post_full_size-height":290,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","home_baner-width":199,"home_baner-height":290}},"embedded_video":"","video_duration":"","show_fb_comments":true,"credit_media":""},"tile":{"top_caption":"","main_caption":"Hophra","main_caption_size":"1","sub_caption":"Mysterious Egyptian pharaoh, made an example by Jeremiah","preview_embedded":"","preview_image":{"ID":72290,"id":72290,"title":"jer44-Apries","filename":"jer44-Apries.jpg","filesize":0,"url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/hophra\/jer44-apries\/","alt":"","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"jer44-apries","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":72289,"date":"2020-03-24 15:18:35","modified":"2020-03-24 15:18:46","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":199,"height":290,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","medium-width":199,"medium-height":290,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","medium_large-width":199,"medium_large-height":290,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","large-width":199,"large-height":290,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","1536x1536-width":199,"1536x1536-height":290,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","2048x2048-width":199,"2048x2048-height":290,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","post_full_size-width":199,"post_full_size-height":290,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jer44-Apries.jpg","home_baner-width":199,"home_baner-height":290}},"preview_video":"","external_link":"","link_for_pay":false,"tile_gallery_items":false,"credits":""},"alternate_tile":{"top_caption":"","main_caption":"","main_caption_size":"1","sub_caption":"","hide_media":false},"tile_group":{"preview_image_url":false,"main_caption":"","sub_caption":"","":null,"popup_package_extra_content":"","read_time":""},"home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo":{"seo_title":"","seo_description":"","seo_default_title":"","seo_default_description":""},"links":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72289"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72289"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72289\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72291,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72289\/revisions\/72291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}