{"id":65917,"date":"2019-11-20T20:08:14","date_gmt":"2019-11-20T18:08:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/?p=65917"},"modified":"2023-06-15T09:39:02","modified_gmt":"2023-06-15T06:39:02","slug":"the-aramaic-oracle-to-the-aramaic-speakers-of-duma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/the-aramaic-oracle-to-the-aramaic-speakers-of-duma\/","title":{"rendered":"The Aramaic Oracle To The Aramaic Speakers Of Duma"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-content\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[281],"tags":[493],"acf":{"old_id":"65917","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":36147,"related_cahpter":"355","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_create_date":"","old_url":"","post_main_content":{"description":"Isaiah speaks the language of the (other) people\u00a0","content":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Buried in the middle of Isaiah 21 is the oracle to\/for\/about Duma, which consists of two of the more difficult verses in the book:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u05de\u05b7\u05e9\u05bc\u05c2\u05b8\u05d0 \u05d3\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc\u05de\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05b5\u05dc\u05b7\u05d9 \u05e7\u05b9\u05e8\u05b5\u05d0 \u05de\u05b4\u05e9\u05bc\u05c2\u05b5\u05e2\u05b4\u05d9\u05e8 \u05e9\u05c1\u05b9\u05de\u05b5\u05e8 \u05de\u05b7\u05d4 \u05de\u05bc\u05b4\u05dc\u05bc\u05b7\u05d9\u05b0\u05dc\u05b8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05c1\u05b9\u05de\u05b5\u05e8 \u05de\u05b7\u05d4 \u05de\u05bc\u05b4\u05dc\u05bc\u05b5\u05d9\u05dc. \u05d0\u05b8\u05de\u05b7\u05e8 \u05e9\u05c1\u05b9\u05de\u05b5\u05e8 \u05d0\u05b8\u05ea\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d1\u05b9\u05e7\u05b6\u05e8 \u05d5\u05b0\u05d2\u05b7\u05dd \u05dc\u05b8\u05d9\u05b0\u05dc\u05b8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05b4\u05dd \u05ea\u05bc\u05b4\u05d1\u05b0\u05e2\u05b8\u05d9\u05d5\u05bc\u05df \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05e2\u05b8\u05d9\u05d5\u05bc \u05e9\u05c1\u05bb\u05d1\u05d5\u05bc \u05d0\u05b5\u05ea\u05b8\u05d9\u05d5\u05bc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Massa Duma: Elai qore me-Se\u2018ir shomer mah mi-laylah, shomer mah millel. Amar shomer atah boqer ve-gam laylah. Im teva\u2018yun be\u2018ayu shuvu etayu <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(11-12).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JPS: The \u201cDumah\u201d Pronouncement. A call comes to me from Seir: \u201cWatchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night?\u201d The watchman replied, \u201cMorning came, and so did night. If you would inquire, inquire. Come back again.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are numerous difficult words here, and plenty of clauses that are unclear. Strikingly, there are a number of words which are not difficult, but they are not Hebrew: they are Aramaic. This is most clearly the case for the word <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">atah<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u201ccome\u201d and the two verbs <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">teva\u2019yun be\u2019ayu<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from the root <\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">b\u2018y<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u201cto ask.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How does Isaiah even know Aramaic? The second question is easier. We learn from a story later in the book that some Jerusalemites in Isaiah\u2019s time spoke Aramaic: the diplomats Eliakim, Shebna, and Yoah say to Assyrian emissary Rabshakeh, \u201cSpeak to your servants in Aramaic, for we understand it!\u201d (36:11).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But why does Isaiah use Aramaic? This may be an example of \u201ccode switching.\u201d Speaking to Duma \u2013 associated with Seir in this passage, and plausibly modern Al-Jawf in northwestern South Arabia \u2013 Isaiah uses Aramaic words, to convey something of the flavor of the people addressed. This phenomenon turns out to be common in the Bible, and Isaiah\u2019s Aramaic \u201coracle of Duma\u201d is a good example of it.<\/span><\/p>\n","image":{"ID":69834,"id":69834,"title":"jer10-aramaic","filename":"jer10-aramaic.jpg","filesize":0,"url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic.jpg","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/whence-aramaic\/jer10-aramaic\/","alt":"","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"jer10-aramaic","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":69833,"date":"2020-02-08 08:28:24","modified":"2023-06-15 06:39:00","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":408,"height":272,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic.jpg","medium_large-width":408,"medium_large-height":272,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic.jpg","large-width":408,"large-height":272,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic.jpg","1536x1536-width":408,"1536x1536-height":272,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic.jpg","2048x2048-width":408,"2048x2048-height":272,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic.jpg","post_full_size-width":408,"post_full_size-height":272,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic.jpg","home_baner-width":408,"home_baner-height":272}},"embedded_video":"","video_duration":"","show_fb_comments":true,"credit_media":""},"tile":{"top_caption":"","main_caption":"The Aramaic Oracle To The Aramaic Speakers Of Duma","main_caption_size":"1","sub_caption":"Massa Duma: Elai qore me-Se\u2018ir shomer mah mi-laylah, shomer mah millel. Amar shomer atah boqer ve-gam laylah. Im teva\u2018yun be\u2018ayu shuvu etayu","preview_embedded":"","preview_image":{"ID":69834,"id":69834,"title":"jer10-aramaic","filename":"jer10-aramaic.jpg","filesize":0,"url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic.jpg","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/whence-aramaic\/jer10-aramaic\/","alt":"","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"jer10-aramaic","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":69833,"date":"2020-02-08 08:28:24","modified":"2023-06-15 06:39:00","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":408,"height":272,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic-300x200.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":200,"medium_large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic.jpg","medium_large-width":408,"medium_large-height":272,"large":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic.jpg","large-width":408,"large-height":272,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic.jpg","1536x1536-width":408,"1536x1536-height":272,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic.jpg","2048x2048-width":408,"2048x2048-height":272,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic.jpg","post_full_size-width":408,"post_full_size-height":272,"home_baner":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/jer10-aramaic.jpg","home_baner-width":408,"home_baner-height":272}},"preview_video":"","external_link":"","link_for_pay":false,"tile_gallery_items":false,"credits":""},"alternate_tile":{"top_caption":"","main_caption":"","main_caption_size":"1","sub_caption":"","hide_media":false},"tile_group":{"preview_image_url":false,"main_caption":"","sub_caption":"","":null,"popup_package_extra_content":"","read_time":""},"home_color":"","home_gallery_top":"","home_gallery_middle":"","home_gallery_book":"","home_gallery_bottom":"","seo":{"seo_title":"","seo_description":"","seo_default_title":"","seo_default_description":""},"links":false,"send_noty":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65917"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65917"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65917\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":115971,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65917\/revisions\/115971"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}