{"id":61756,"date":"2019-08-22T15:38:21","date_gmt":"2019-08-22T12:38:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/?p=61756"},"modified":"2023-03-19T23:39:49","modified_gmt":"2023-03-19T21:39:49","slug":"not-by-bread-alone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/not-by-bread-alone\/","title":{"rendered":"Not By Bread Alone"},"content":{"rendered":"
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As the Bible tells us, man does not live by bread alone. Or better yet, man does not live by \u05dc\u05bc\u05b6\u05a4\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd alone. What, exactly, does \u05dc\u05bc\u05b6\u05a4\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd anyways? Making matters more complicated, the Arabic cognate \u0644\u062d\u0645 (<\/span>la\u1e25m<\/span><\/i>) means \u2018meat\u2019. According to Edward Ullendorff, the Semitic root means merely “primary food”, so that the specific sense can vary from region to region.<\/span><\/p>\n

It should be noted that the English word \u2018bread\u2019 once also had a broader meaning of \u2018food\u2019. Noah Webster\u2019s entry for \u2018bread\u2019 in his original 1828 dictionary has for one sense of the word, \u2018food in general\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

It is with this question in mind that we read 1 Kings 5:2: \u201cSolomon\u2019s daily \u05dc\u05bc\u05b6\u05a4\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd consisted of 30 kors of semolina, and 60 kors of [ordinary] flour.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Rashi provides insight into the manifold meanings of the word in his comments to Genesis 31:54 in which Jacob and Laban make a pact, which is concluded, in typical Jewish fashion, with a meal (\u05dc\u05bc\u05b6\u05a4\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd).<\/span><\/p>\n

He says: Any article of food is termed \u05dc\u05d7\u05dd bread, as (Daniel 5:1) \u201cmade a great feast (lechem rav<\/em>)\u201d, and (Jeremiah 11:19) \u201cLet us destroy the tree with the fruit thereof (belachmo<\/em>)”. Thus, according to Rashi, although the Hebrew \u05dc\u05bc\u05b6\u05a4\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd can have the specific meaning of \u2018bread\u2019, it can retain its basic (or perhaps original) meaning of \u2018food\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

This discussion regarding meaning is not trivial for the translator, since in any given context, the translator must choose between the two meanings. Thus, Harry Orlinsky notes in his Notes on the New Translation of the Torah (on the 1962 JPS translation), that he translated ‘to eat lechem<\/em>‘ in Genesis 37:25 as ‘to eat a meal’ since “<\/span>to eat bread<\/span><\/em>…fails to reproduce the idiom in Heb. akhal lechem<\/em>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

One way to have one\u2019s bread and eat it too is to read the use of \u05dc\u05bc\u05b6\u05a4\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd here as synecdoche, a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa. In other words, the word \u05dc\u05bc\u05b6\u05a4\u05d7\u05b6\u05dd could mean \u2018bread\u2019 but be representative of the meal as a whole.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Coming back to our verse, based on the fact that the next verse (1 Kings 5:3) lists, among other things, 10 fattened oxen and 20 pasture-fed oxen, it seems likely that the broad meaning of \u2018food\u2019 is intended here.<\/span><\/p>\n","image":{"ID":61762,"id":61762,"title":"1kings5-bread","filename":"1kings5-bread.png","filesize":0,"url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/1kings5-bread.png","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/not-by-bread-alone\/1kings5-bread\/","alt":"","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"1kings5-bread","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":61756,"date":"2019-08-22 12:38:02","modified":"2022-04-05 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