{"id":42534,"date":"2018-10-21T21:01:28","date_gmt":"2018-10-21T18:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/?p=42534"},"modified":"2022-05-18T06:14:02","modified_gmt":"2022-05-18T03:14:02","slug":"consent-of-the-governed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/consent-of-the-governed\/","title":{"rendered":"Consent Of The Governed"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-content\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":50634,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[281],"tags":[628,541,410],"acf":{"old_id":"42534","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":38047,"related_cahpter":"74","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content":{"description":" From passive recipients to active participants","content":"<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Exodus 24, God commands Moses to ascend Mount Sinai again, accompanied part of the way Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and seventy elders. They bow at a distance and Moses continues alone. God reveals unspecified commandments, Moses reports them to the people, and then records in them in writing, for the first time. This is followed by a ceremony of ratification. Why is all this necessary?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The revelation in Exodus 20 overwhelms and terrifies the people, who agree to do whatever Moses says, as long as he represents them to God. Their fear casts doubt on the validity of their agreement, because they may not have truly acted of their own free will. Therefore, a different process is introduced.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The late<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.law.huji.ac.il\/people\/zeev-wilhelm-falk\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prof. Ze\u2019ev Falk<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, of the Hebrew University Faculty of Law and the Schechter Institutes, presents a unique perspective. In a lesson taught at the Prime Minister\u2019s residence,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he explained, \u201cThe written Torah was first taught orally and only in time was it written, one scroll at a time\u2026 Moses presented the details of the laws to the people, and by discussing the details the listeners became participants.\u201d According to Falk, Moses is God\u2019s agent in chairing a proto-Constituent Assembly that formulates Torah on the basis of the revelation that Moses experienced.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While this reading is anachronistic, it is also a strong statement that the consent of governed is essential for creating a legal system that will stand up over time. This idea is not foreign to the tradition; indeed in the Talmud (Shabbat 88a), Rav A\u1e25a bar Ya\u2019akov expresses concern that duress invalidates the acceptance of Torah at Sinai. Rava answers this concern by stressing, \u201cThey accepted it willingly in the time of Ahasuerus (Esther 9:27).\u201d Falk moves the re-acceptance back in time, to the period immediately after the revelation at Sinai.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ratification described in Exodus 24 is the closing ceremony of the \u201cConstituent Assembly.\u201d Moses reads the Book of the Covenant, the people affirm that have heard and agree. The elders experience a quiet revelation, and everyone is calm enough to enjoy a celebratory feast.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The covenant was ratified but the process of learning endures, as Jews who freely choose to be partners in the covenant between God and Israel continue to study and create Torah.<\/span><\/p>\n","image":{"ID":62610,"id":62610,"title":"1kings15-democracy","filename":"1kings15-democracy.png","filesize":0,"url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/1kings15-democracy.png","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/is-war-the-only-alternative-to-unity\/1kings15-democracy\/","alt":"","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"1kings15-democracy","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":62605,"date":"2019-09-08 14:39:58","modified":"2022-05-18 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