{"id":37891,"date":"2018-08-15T11:46:54","date_gmt":"2018-08-15T08:46:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/?p=37891"},"modified":"2022-03-09T23:10:56","modified_gmt":"2022-03-09T21:10:56","slug":"the-ashurim-the-letushim-and-the-leummim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/the-ashurim-the-letushim-and-the-leummim\/","title":{"rendered":"The Ashurim, the Letushim, and the Leummim"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-content\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[281],"tags":[493,363],"acf":{"old_id":"37891","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":36692,"related_cahpter":"25","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content":{"description":"An insight into ancient translations, and how they were received","content":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Among the descendants of Abraham and Ketura are also \u201cthe Ashurim, the Letushim, and the Leummim\u201d (Genesis 25:3), who are the sons of Dedan the son of Jokshan, the son of Abraham. Ancient sources found it difficult to understand the nature of the three children mentioned in the plural (the Ashur<\/span><b>im<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Letush<\/span><b>im<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and the Leumm<\/span><b>im<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), as opposed to the other sons and grandsons of Abraham&#8217;s extensive offspring (such as Midian, Sheba, or Abida).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is interesting to note the short (and perhaps even cynical) comment of Rabbi Shmuel Bar Nachman (Midrash Genesis Rabbah 61:5) that &#8220;even though they translate into Aramaic \u2018the Ashurim, the Letushim, and the Leummim\u2019 as &#8216;Merchants and Artists and Heads of nations&#8217; &#8211; each one is the head of a different nation.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Rabbi Shmuel&#8217;s words there is an expression of opposition to some Aramaic translators who see the first two words as representing different types of professionals, and instead, he asserts that all three words deal with the founders of different nations. It turns out that we can identify these translations against whom Rabbi Shmuel argued. They are the ancient translators from the Land of Israel who produced the Aramaic translations that we have today, such as the Aramaic translation known as &#8220;Targum Yerushalmi.&#8221; These translations, unlike the authoritative translation of the Torah, i.e. Targum Onkelos, have not always been greatly appreciated by our Sages, and they often express reservations about translations they did not think were correct. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why did Rabbi Shmuel ben Nachman see fit to invalidate their translation? We will not know. But from his comment we can learn about the supervision that our Sages exercised over those who held this task, i.e. the Aramaic translators. In this way, we can permanently remember their work, which is based not only on translating the Torah from one language to another, but also in explaining it to the masses who listened to their words.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","image":{"ID":94266,"id":94266,"title":"job16-translate","filename":"job16-translate.png","filesize":0,"url":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/job16-translate.png","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/form-and-content-in-job\/job16-translate\/","alt":"","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"job16-translate","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":94265,"date":"2021-06-15 08:32:26","modified":"2022-03-09 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