{"id":37004,"date":"2018-08-06T12:09:53","date_gmt":"2018-08-06T09:09:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/?p=37004"},"modified":"2022-02-28T16:23:56","modified_gmt":"2022-02-28T14:23:56","slug":"milimilim-the-hebrew-corner-gen18","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/milimilim-the-hebrew-corner-gen18\/","title":{"rendered":"MiliMiliM – The Hebrew Corner – Gen18"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[281],"tags":[361,391],"acf":{"old_id":"37004","type":"no","iframe":"","writer":34011,"related_cahpter":"18","type_929":"2","show_author_image":false,"old_url":"","post_main_content":{"description":"\u05e9\u05d5\u05e4\u05d8 - \u05de\u05e4\u05e9\u05d8 - Shofet \/ Mishpat - Judge and Justice\r\n","content":"

There are two common roots in Hebrew that are very close, and so need to be differentiated. When Abraham cries out: “Hashofet kol haaretz lo ya’aseh mishpat?<\/em> Shall not the Judge of all the earth do justice?\u201d he is using two expressions of this root \u00a0\u05e9-\u05e4-\u05d8\u00a0sh-f-t<\/em>, “judging\u201d or \u201cjudgment.” The common Hebrew word for judge is \u05e9\u05d5\u05e4\u05d8 shofet,<\/em> the central figure in the \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8 beit mishpat<\/em>, \u201ccourthouse.\u201d<\/p>\n

On the other hand, the Hebrew word \u05d3\u05d9\u05df din <\/em>(pronounced somewhere between “din” and “dean”) means “law” or “statute,” or the kabbalistic principle of strict justice (compare with \u05e8\u05d7\u05de\u05d9\u05dd, rachamim<\/em>, “mercy”). \u00a0It comes from the root \u05d3-\u05d9-\u05e0 d-y-n<\/em> (the medial yod <\/em>can sound like an “i” or a “y”). The word for “state” is \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4 medinah<\/em>, as in \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05ea \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc, medinat yisrael,<\/em> “the State of Israel,” from \u05d3\u05d9\u05df din<\/em>. So law is actually the state’s “middle name.”<\/p>\n

\u05d3-\u05d9-\u05e0 D-y-n <\/em>also gives us \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d3\u05d9\u05df beit din<\/em>, meaning \u201chouse of law\u201d or court, and \u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05df dayan<\/em>, which means \u201cjudge.\u201d (Dayan is also a famous last name, shared by legendary politician Moshe, general Uzi, actor Assi, politician Yael and others.)<\/p>\n

The quasi-Aramaic expression \u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05df \u201cleit din veleit dayan<\/em>,\u201d meaning \u201cThere is no judgment or judge in the world,\u201d refers to a state of metaphysical lawlessness and anarchy. Which is what Abraham would’ve said had God not accepted his entreaties. Coming from Aram Naharayim, Abraham’s Aramaic was probably pretty good…<\/p>\n

What’s the difference between the roots \u05d3-\u05d9-\u05e0 d-y-n <\/em>and \u05e9-\u05e4-\u05d8 sh-f-t<\/em>? This is a good example of how redundancy in a language leads to specialization. In contemporary Hebrew, \u05d3\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd dayanim<\/em> refer exclusively to \u201creligious judges\u201d in \u05d1\u05ea\u05d9 \u05d3\u05d9\u05df batei din <\/em>(pl.), \u201creligious courts.\u201d<\/p>\n

Shoftim<\/em>, despite being the name of the book of the Bible translated as “Judges,” refers to judges in the “secular” court system. Some of these judges may be personally religious, but they judge according to the laws of the State of Israel, not according to \u05d3\u05d9\u05df \u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 din Torah<\/em>, \u201cTorah law,\u201d or Jewish religious precepts.<\/p>\n

There is, however, some overlap. A \u201ctrial\u201d in a regular court is a \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8 mishpat<\/em>, while the judge’s \u201cruling\u201d is the \u05e4\u05e1\u05e7 \u05d3\u05d9\u05df pesak din<\/em>, and his \u201csentence\u201d is the \u05d2\u05d6\u05e8 \u05d3\u05d9\u05df gezar din<\/em>. This is interesting, because the word \u05de\u05e9\u05e4\u05d8 mishpat <\/em>also means \u201csentence\u201d in the other sense \u2013 a grammatically structured string of words (like the one you’re reading right now).<\/p>\n

So one can try to judge a sentence if it is good or bad, just like you can try, and sentence, a judge if she or he is bad\u2026<\/p>\n

English is more precise than Hebrew when it comes to those doing the judging. In addition to “judge,” it has “referee” and “umpire,” whereas – Jumping Jehosaphat! (from the Biblical name Yehoshafat, “God judges”)- all of these are shoftim <\/em>in or on Hebrew-speaking criminal, basketball or tennis courts.<\/p>\n","image":{"ID":102497,"id":102497,"title":"-621cdae9bbc94--621cdae9bbc96gen18-milim justice shofet mishpat.jpg","filename":"621cdae9bbc94-621cdae9bbc96gen18-milim-justice-shofet-mishpat.jpg.jpg","filesize":0,"url":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/08\/621cdae9bbc94-621cdae9bbc96gen18-milim-justice-shofet-mishpat.jpg.jpg","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/milimilim-the-hebrew-corner-gen18\/621cdae9bbc94-621cdae9bbc96gen18-milim-justice-shofet-mishpat-jpg\/","alt":"","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"621cdae9bbc94-621cdae9bbc96gen18-milim-justice-shofet-mishpat-jpg","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":37004,"date":"2022-02-28 14:23:37","modified":"2022-02-28 14:23:53","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":960,"height":720,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/08\/621cdae9bbc94-621cdae9bbc96gen18-milim-justice-shofet-mishpat.jpg-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/08\/621cdae9bbc94-621cdae9bbc96gen18-milim-justice-shofet-mishpat.jpg-300x225.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":225,"medium_large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/08\/621cdae9bbc94-621cdae9bbc96gen18-milim-justice-shofet-mishpat.jpg-768x576.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":576,"large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/08\/621cdae9bbc94-621cdae9bbc96gen18-milim-justice-shofet-mishpat.jpg.jpg","large-width":960,"large-height":720,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/08\/621cdae9bbc94-621cdae9bbc96gen18-milim-justice-shofet-mishpat.jpg.jpg","1536x1536-width":960,"1536x1536-height":720,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/08\/621cdae9bbc94-621cdae9bbc96gen18-milim-justice-shofet-mishpat.jpg.jpg","2048x2048-width":960,"2048x2048-height":720,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/08\/621cdae9bbc94-621cdae9bbc96gen18-milim-justice-shofet-mishpat.jpg.jpg","post_full_size-width":960,"post_full_size-height":720,"home_baner":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/08\/621cdae9bbc94-621cdae9bbc96gen18-milim-justice-shofet-mishpat.jpg-560x420.jpg","home_baner-width":560,"home_baner-height":420}},"embedded_video":"","video_duration":"","show_fb_comments":true,"credit_media":""},"tile":{"top_caption":"MiliMiliM - 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