{"id":34644,"date":"2018-07-22T11:52:35","date_gmt":"2018-07-22T08:52:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/?p=34644"},"modified":"2022-02-07T13:16:29","modified_gmt":"2022-02-07T11:16:29","slug":"%d7%a9%d7%91%d7%aa-shabbat-sabbath","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/%d7%a9%d7%91%d7%aa-shabbat-sabbath\/","title":{"rendered":"MiliMilim The Hebrew Corner – Gen2"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u05e9\u05d1\u05ea – Shabbat – Sabbath<\/span><\/p>\n

“Sabbath,” like “hallelujah” and “amen” are gifts of the Hebrew language to the cultures of world. The root of the noun \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea, <\/span>shabbat<\/span><\/em>, “Sabbath,” is \u05e9-\u05d1-\u05ea, <\/span>sh-b\/v-t<\/span><\/em>, “cease” or “rest”. This root first appears in our chapter in the verb\u00a0<\/span>shavat<\/span><\/em>, “to cease”, where God is described as <\/span>shavat mikol melachto<\/span><\/em>,<\/em> “ceased from all labor” (Gen. 2:2,3). Interestingly, the day is not called Shabbat there, but simply <\/span>yom hashvi’i<\/span><\/em>,<\/span><\/i> “the seventh day.”<\/span><\/p>\n

The day Shabbat first makes its appearance in the story of the manna (Exodus ch. 16) \u2013 the day the manna did <\/span>not<\/span><\/em> appear, enforcing a cessation of gleaning \u2013 and then famously in the Ten Commandments (#4), and then elsewhere in many contexts.<\/span><\/p>\n

In modern Hebrew, the word <\/span>shvitah<\/span><\/em>, means “strike” (by organized labor), and the Biblical word \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea\u05d5\u05df, <\/span>shabbaton<\/span><\/em>, meaning “complete cessation”, has come to mean “sabbatical,” the year off that academics receive. <\/span>Shabbat<\/span><\/em> is simply the name of the Israeli seventh day of the week, no matter one’s religious predilections.<\/span><\/p>\n

While the root and the verb have parallels in other Semitic languages, the noun “Shabbat” signifying a specific day seems to be a unique Hebraic invention. This is especially interesting since \u2013 as opposed to the vast majority of other languages \u2013 in Hebrew the other days of the week have no names at all! Hebrew calls the six days of the week by their ordinal number: Sunday is <\/span>yom rishon<\/span><\/em>, “the first day,” etc. That sounds dreadfully prosaic, but there is a fascinating story behind it.<\/span><\/p>\n

In ancient cultures, the seven-day week was an astrological expression of the role of the planets in our lives. One day of the week for each of the seven heavenly bodies: <\/span>dies solis<\/span><\/em> or \u201csun day\u201d (Sunday); <\/span>dies lunae<\/span><\/em> or \u201cmoon day\u201d (Monday, French lundi); <\/span>dies Martis<\/span><\/em> or \u201cMars\u2019 day\u201d (French mardi); <\/span>dies Mercurii<\/span><\/em> or \u201cMercury\u2019s day\u201d (mercredi); <\/span>dies joves<\/span><\/em> or \u201c\u2019Jupiter\u2019s day\u201d (jeudi); <\/span>dies Veneris<\/span><\/em> or \u201cVenus\u2019 day\u201d (vendredi); and <\/span>dies Saturni<\/span><\/em> (Saturday).<\/span><\/p>\n

(In English and other Germanic languages, the names of Norse gods are substituted for the Latin names in Tuesday, for Tiu, a martial sky god parallel to Mars, Wednesday, after Woden, Thursday for Thor, associated with Jupiter, and Friday for Frigg or Freya, female goddess like Venus).<\/span><\/p>\n

Strikingly, as opposed to all other cultures which use planetary bodies to name the days of the week, in Hebrew, there is one case that is opposite. The Hebrew name for the planet Saturn is \u05e9\u05d1\u05ea\u05d0\u05d9, <\/span>shabbtai<\/span><\/em>, which was just a given name in the Bible (see Nehemiah 8:7, Ezra 10:15). It was adopted in rabbinic literature as the name of the planet, because Shabbat fell on the day called by the Romans <\/span>dies Saturni<\/span><\/em>.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

In “Jewish time,” we determine the fate of heavens \u2013 not the other way around.<\/span><\/p>\n","image":{"ID":101587,"id":101587,"title":"-61fffc0511f9a--61fffc0511f9bshabbat - milim.jpg","filename":"61fffc0511f9a-61fffc0511f9bshabbat-milim.jpg.jpg","filesize":0,"url":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/61fffc0511f9a-61fffc0511f9bshabbat-milim.jpg.jpg","link":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/en\/%d7%a9%d7%91%d7%aa-shabbat-sabbath\/61fffc0511f9a-61fffc0511f9bshabbat-milim-jpg\/","alt":"","author":"7","description":"","caption":"","name":"61fffc0511f9a-61fffc0511f9bshabbat-milim-jpg","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":34644,"date":"2022-02-06 16:49:09","modified":"2023-08-01 13:28:38","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/wp.929.org.il\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":927,"height":604,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/61fffc0511f9a-61fffc0511f9bshabbat-milim.jpg-150x150.jpg","thumbnail-width":150,"thumbnail-height":150,"medium":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/61fffc0511f9a-61fffc0511f9bshabbat-milim.jpg-300x195.jpg","medium-width":300,"medium-height":195,"medium_large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/61fffc0511f9a-61fffc0511f9bshabbat-milim.jpg-768x500.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":500,"large":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/61fffc0511f9a-61fffc0511f9bshabbat-milim.jpg.jpg","large-width":927,"large-height":604,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/61fffc0511f9a-61fffc0511f9bshabbat-milim.jpg.jpg","1536x1536-width":927,"1536x1536-height":604,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/61fffc0511f9a-61fffc0511f9bshabbat-milim.jpg.jpg","2048x2048-width":927,"2048x2048-height":604,"post_full_size":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/61fffc0511f9a-61fffc0511f9bshabbat-milim.jpg.jpg","post_full_size-width":927,"post_full_size-height":604,"home_baner":"https:\/\/cetwpuploads.blob.core.windows.net\/wp929\/uploads\/2018\/07\/61fffc0511f9a-61fffc0511f9bshabbat-milim.jpg-645x420.jpg","home_baner-width":645,"home_baner-height":420}},"embedded_video":"","video_duration":"","show_fb_comments":true,"credit_media":""},"tile":{"top_caption":"MiliMiliM - 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